Honors Biology Ch. 1 The Study of Life. I. Science -an ongoing, inquiry-based process to understand...
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Transcript of Honors Biology Ch. 1 The Study of Life. I. Science -an ongoing, inquiry-based process to understand...
![Page 1: Honors Biology Ch. 1 The Study of Life. I. Science -an ongoing, inquiry-based process to understand the world around us -relies on evidence -challenges.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2a5503460f94c441f7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HonorHonors s
BiologBiologyy
Ch. 1Ch. 1
The Study The Study of Lifeof Life
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I. Science- an ongoing, inquiry-based
process to understand the world around us
- relies on evidence- challenges accepted theories- undergoes peer review
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II. Scientific Method
- a logical series of problem solving procedures
A. Ask an Experimental Question
B. Form a Hypothesis- a testable explanation
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C.Collect Data 1. Controlled Experiment
a)Experimental Group: - the part of an experiment exposed to the experimental factorb)Control Group: - the part of the experiment that does not receive the experimental factor - used for comparison
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2.Experimental Design
a) Manipulated (independent) Variable- the one variable being tested (experimental factor)
b) Responding (dependent) Variable- a variable that is measured in a controlled experiment- changes in the responding variable result from changes in the manipulated variable
c) Constants (Controlled Variables)- factors that remain fixed during an experiment
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3.Data - information gained from
observations
- Quantitative: numerical (metric system used)
- Qualitative: descriptive
Jane Goodall collecting qualitative data on chimpanzee behavior
Jane Goodall collecting qualitative data on chimpanzee behavior
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D.Analyze the Data- look for patterns to explain the
data
- graphs, tables, and statistical analysis used
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E. Report Conclusions
- Is the hypothesis supported or rejected by the data?
- Experimental findings are subjected to peer review.
- If the experiment has merit, it may be published.
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F. What is a Theory? - explanation that is continually
supported by evidence- help us understand the world- used to make predictions
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III. Biology- the science of life- 8 Characteristics of Life
distinguish living organisms from nonliving
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A. Cellular Structure
Paramecium and Didinium
Paramecium and Didinium
Leaf tissueLeaf tissue
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B. Organization
O
H H
CH2OH
SubatomicElectronElectronNeutronNeutronProtonProton
NitrogenNitrogenCarbonCarbonHydrogenHydrogen OxygenOxygen
DNADNAGlucoseGlucoseWaterWater
NucleusNucleusChloroplastChloroplastMitochondrionMitochondrion
Nerve CellNerve Cell
Atomic
Molecular
Organelle
Cellular
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B. Organization
TissueNervous TissueNervous Tissue
BrainBrain
NervousNervousSystemSystem
PronghornPronghornAntelopeAntelope
Organ
Organ System
Organism
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B. Organization
PopulationHerd of PronghornsHerd of Pronghorns
HawkHawk
WaterWater
Earth’sEarth’ssurfacesurface
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
PronghornsPronghorns
HawkHawk GrassGrassPronghornsPronghorns
SnakeSnakeBushesBushes SoilSoilAirAir
SnakeSnake
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C. Growth and development 1. Growth:
- increase in size or number of cells
Click on picture
Sea Urchin Early
Embryonic Developme
nt
Sea Urchin Early
Embryonic Developme
nt
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C. Growth and development 1. Growth:
- increase in size or number of cells
Roundworm
Embryonic Developme
nt
Roundworm
Embryonic Developme
nt
Click on picture
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C. Growth and development 2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Egg Hatching
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C. Growth and development 2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Larva Eating
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C. Growth and development 2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Chrysalis Pupating
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C. Growth and development 2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Monarch Butterfly
Development
Adults Emerging
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C. Growth and development 2. Development:
- increase in complexity
Common Whelk
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D. Reproduction - asexual vs. sexual
E. coli showing binary fission Human egg and sperm
Click on picture
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D. Reproduction
- asexual vs. sexual
parents:
offspring:
1 2
genetically identical
genetically unique
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D. Reproduction
- asexual vs. sexual
parents:
offspring:
1 2
genetically identical
genetically unique
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1 cell splitting into 2 cells
Asexual or sexual?
D. Reproduction
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Asexual or sexual?
Beetle pollinating a flower
D. Reproduction
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Asexual or sexual?
D. Reproduction
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Asexual or sexual?
Hydra budding
D. Reproduction
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Asexual or sexual?
Earthworms Mating
D. Reproduction
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Asexual or sexual?
Sheep clones
D. Reproduction
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E.E. Responds to stimuliResponds to stimuli
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E.E. Responds to stimuliResponds to stimuli
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F. Requires energy 1. autotrophs:
- make their own food
- get food from other organisms
Cycad photosynthesizing
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F. Requires energy 1. autotrophs:
- make their own food2. heterotrophs:
- get food from other organisms
Praying Mantis eating a Grasshopper
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F. Requires energy
Praying mantis eating a snake.
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G.G. Maintains homeostasisMaintains homeostasis - the stable
internal environment necessary for life
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H.H. Adaptations evolve over Adaptations evolve over timetime
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TheTheEndEnd