Honkela. Lagus & Kanner: Parallel Conceptual Spaces and Systems in Health and Wellbeing Domain...

Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016

Timo Honkela, Krista Lagus & Antti Kanner University of Helsinki

26.8.2016

{first.second}@helsinki.fi

Conceptual Spaces at Work 2016Sodertörn University, Sweden

Parallel Conceptual Spaces and Systems in

Health and Wellbeing Domain

PRE-FINAL VERSION


Background

Neural networks

Self-organizing maps

Cognitive modeling

Analysis of social phenomena

Symbolic AI

Language technology

Terminology

Polysemy

Conceptual spaces

Wellbeing informatics

Language philosophy

Pragmatics

Emergentrepresentations

MorphologyEmbodiment


Basic question

Terminology

PolysemyLanguage philosophy

Pragmatics

Is the understand andexperiences gained

outside Westernmedical research

useless whenhealth and wellbeing

are considered?

With an interest inworld cultures

Could integrationtake place in

the framework ofConceptual Spaces?


Kuhnian revolutions orComplementary Systems?

● In conceptual change literature, a widely used example includes a step from the earth-centric into the sun-centric model

● From a socio-cognitive point of view,the alternative models co-exist

● Educated people consideredin their scientific world view thatthe earth rotates around the sun, but they also mention expressions like ”sun rising” and ”sun setting” in their everyday talk


Keeping up a selection of conceptual systems

● Socially and individually we can operate using different conceptual systems

● We can select a system that serves best the task at hand

● Human cognitive capacity can bea limit but through collaborationdifferent systems can be entertainedand benefited from

● Furthermore, big data and machine learning methods can support handling the complexcollections of conceptual systems


Points of view represented throughVoronoi tessallations

Honkela, Janasik, Lagus,Lindh-Knuutila, Pantzar & Raitio (2010) Cf. Gärdenfors (2000)


Conceptual spacesof health and wellbeing

● We discuss a variety of societal and individual practices related to health and wellbeing with the help of Conceptual Spaces

● This is work in progress: We do not, for instance, aim to present immediately a collection of quality dimensions that would link all the discussed topics

● We do, however, consider it important to consider the strengths and shortcoming of different health-related approaches and suggest steps to do so in a meta-analytic manner


Some concepts related tohealth and wellbeing

● Disease● Measured

physiological state● Observed

psychological state● Diagnosis● Low-dimentional

treatment and medication

● State of wellbeing● Symptom● Experienced

physiological state● Experienced

psychological state● Low- or high-

dimensional pathcorrection or treatment


Intellectual and culturalframeworks related to health and wellbeing

● Western medicine– Diagnostic focus in laboratory

– Treatment focus in use of medicines and surgery

● Classical Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine– Diagnostic focus in external observation– Treatment focus in preventive actions and

”food as medicine”

● Classical Chinese medicine– Diagnostic focus in external observations– Treatment focus in preventive actions and lifestyle

changes


Separate but interrelatedconceptual spaces

● The conceptual spaces that underly the three different framework do not seem to be straightforwardly mappable to each other

● Some dimensions of one framework are missing from another


Potential limitations in the effectivenessof Western medicine

● Forms of classical medicine are mostly neglected● Potentially relevant treatments cannot become part of

canonical body of medical knowledge until the link is established– E.g. effect of sound (music and Alzheimers) and

touch (treatment of premature babies)

– the effects are recognited scientifically but the conceptual system does not include all essential components

– reseach, education and collecting empirical experience are not supported by the conceptual framework

● Western medicine pays in a limited manner attention to preventive care and effects of lifestyle


Information proceduresin healthcare

● Which pieces of information (quality dimensions) are communicated and how?

● It seems that the active system of quality dimensions used has a strong influction on professional and educational communication

● For instance, a medical doctoral may be very well aware of the clear beneficial effect of exercise on the survival of a cancer patient but he/she does prescribe exercise as a treatment not only because it is not yet customary but because the related concepts do not belong to the repertoire of medical conceptu system


Towards methodology that wouldintegrate conceptual systems

● In statistical natural language processing it is a very common practice to train a model based on the context with which items like words are associated

● In a similar manner, if suitable data is available, previously unknown conceptual systems could be made explicit

● Essential ingredient would be to consider health and wellbeing related concepts in a very high-dimensional space


High-dimensionalconceptual spaces

● At best, the quality dimensions involved can be associated with each other using unsupervised learning– Raitio, Vigário, Särelä & Honkela (2004).

Assessing similarity of emergent representations based on unsupervised learning. Proceedings of IJCNN 2004, pages 597-602.

● Algebraic representation can be based on high-way tensors or those flattenet to matrices


Hypothetical data

● Disease● Measured physiological

state● Observed psychological

state● Diagnosis● Low-dimentional

treatment and medication● etc.

● State of wellbeing● Symptom● Experienced physiological

state● Experienced psychological

state● Low- or high-dimensional

pathcorrection or treatment

● etc.


Hypothetical data

● Disease● Measured physiological

state● Observed psychological

state● Diagnosis● Low-dimentional

treatment and medication● etc.

● State of wellbeing● Symptom● Experienced physiological

state● Experienced psychological

state● Low- or high-dimensional

pathcorrection or treatment

● etc.

Includingcontent and

context


Potential direction


GICA:Grounded

Intersubjective Concept Analysis


Timo Honkela, Juha Raitio, Krista Lagus, Ilari T. Nieminen, Nina Honkela, and Mika Pantzar.

Subjects on objects in contexts: Using GICA method to quantify epistemological subjectivity.

Proceedings of IJCNN 2012, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 2875-2883, 2012.

Publication:


Case: State of the Union Addresses

● Text mining is used in populating a Subject-Object-Context tensor

● This took place by calculating the frequencies on how often a subject uses an object word in the context of a context word– Context window of 30 words


Analysis of the word 'health'


This is whyunsupervised learningis betterin most casesin comparisonwith supervised learning

Human-made categories cannotsimply be taken as a ground truth

There are even a large number ofwell grounded category systems, none of which has an objective status

Kuhn

Local … global


Thank you for your attention!

Honkela. Lagus & Kanner: Parallel Conceptual Spaces and Systems in Health and Wellbeing Domain...

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