Hong village an hui china中國安徽宏村
Transcript of Hong village an hui china中國安徽宏村
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中國安徽古村落宏村於 2000年 11月 30日在澳洲召開的第 24届世界遺產委員會會議時,被列入世界遺產名錄。 宏村位於黟縣城西北角,距黃山屯溪市 65公里。該村始建於北宋,距今已近千年歷史,原為汪姓聚居之地。 古宏村人規劃並建造了堪稱“中華一絕”的牛形村落和人工水系。綜觀全村,就像一只昂首奮蹄的大水牛,成為當今建築史上一大奇觀。 全村現保存完好的明清古民居有 140餘幢。村内鳞次櫛比的層樓疊院與旖旎的湖光山色交相輝映,動靜相宜,空靈蘊藉,處處是景,步步入畫。 從村外自然環境到村内的水系、街道、建築,甚至室内佈置,都完整地保存着古村落的原始狀態,没有絲毫現代文明的迹象。造型獨特並擁有絕妙田園風光的宏村因此被喻為“中國畫裡的鄉村”,非常值得一遊。
2007-04-14 Howard Yu
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從大門口停車場進去,迎面便是南湖
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一大片碧藍地清水在清風下泛着细细的波紋,湖面上倒映着白牆黛瓦,湖邊上是嫩綠的白楊和垂柳,而湖的那一端便是層層疊疊的房屋和鳞次櫛比的馬頭牆
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南湖邊滿是寫生的學生,有的已很有功力,手拿調色板對着南湖,不一會兒,畫布上就初步呈現出了一幅賞心悦目的水彩畫
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南湖中間有一座石拱橋,名曰畫橋。畫橋將南湖一分為二,宛如南湖的一條玉带,也讓南湖多了幾分詩意的美
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據說電影《卧虎藏龍》中李慕白牽馬過橋的鏡頭便是在這裡拍攝的Photo By Howard Yu
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走過畫橋,沿湖而行,前面是南湖書院
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小小的宏村居然有著自己的書院─南湖書院,是由宏村徽商汪授甲出資建造,汪以文出面主持。書院的第一進院落掛著“以文家塾”的匾額
第二進為書院的正廳,是老師教授學業之處,正堂上方掛有三個大字“志道堂”,《朱子治家格言》則嵌在正堂的中央
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宏村是一個牛形的村落,“浣汲未妨溪路遠,家家門巷有清渠”,這裡有堪稱中國一絕的人工水系。整個水系以各家門前的溝渠“牛腸”為線,引西流之泉水,南轉東出,九曲十八彎,百轉千回,利用地形落差,使泉水從村中潺潺流過。上游設有水閘,控制著水的流量,保證牛腸裏的水不少不溢。 Photo By Howard Yu
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水流順著“牛腸”流入村中的“牛胃”。“牛胃”原是村中的一眼天然泉水,後開拓成一個水塘,呈半月形,村人稱之為“月沼”。
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汪氏祖先追求“花未開,月未圓”的境界,因此月沼不開成滿月形,以免月滿後則虧,暗示著以後的生活就要走下坡路了。水流最後匯入南湖,經過濾後流入河道。整個水系就這樣把宏村串了起来。
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宏村裡的各式建築都傳承著徽派建築的特點Photo By Howard Yu
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徽派建築最顯著的特點是高低錯落的五疊式馬頭牆,民間稱為“五岳朝天”。遠看去,抑揚頓挫、高低起伏。馬頭牆原來的作用是封火山牆,防止鄰家失火殃及自家。而今,馬頭牆則演變成了徽派民居的商標。
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每進院落牆高屋深,窗户很少且較小,但天井之上會開一個天窗用來採光。
雨水也會順著這個天窗落進院中,再經下水道流入湖中。因水能生财,取“四水歸堂”之意。Photo By Howard Yu
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欣賞宏村徽派建築,除了建築外觀,廳堂閣樓之上,精巧的木雕,更是讓人嘆為觀止
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鏤空的門窗隨處可見
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天花板上細膩的畫作
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承志堂是清末鹽商汪定貴的私
宅,也是宏村徽派建築的代表
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現在的宏村也無法免俗的有著極為濃厚的商業氣息Photo By Howard Yu
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竹雕藝品Photo By Howard Yu
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宏村村口有兩株高大的古樹,一為白果(銀杏樹),一為紅楊,都有四百年以上的樹齡。這兩棵樹也是宏村的風水樹,村中的紅白喜事都要繞行過這兩棵樹。Photo By Howard Yu
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