Honey Bee Anatomy and Function - National … 1 Honey Bee Anatomy and Function How Honey Bees are...

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9/26/17 1 Honey Bee Anatomy and Function How Honey Bees are Built and How the Function Similar but Different • Eat: Everything - Meat and Potatoes • Omnivores – Meat and Vegetables • Digest: Stomach & Intestines • Excrete: Feces and Urine • Circulation Closed: Blood moves through arteries and veins • Breathe: Mouth and Lungs • Blood Carries O2 and CO2 around • Vision: One pair of eyes • Colors: Red to Violet (ROYGBIV) • Eat: Pollen and Honey • Herbivores – Plant origins only • Digest: Crop, Stomach, Intestines • Excrete: Feces only – while flying • Circulation Open: Hemolymph moves freely about inner body • Breathe: 20 openings in chest and abdomen + branching tubes • Vision: 5 eyes: 2 Compound eyes front/side and 3 Simple eyes on top • Colors: No Red – Best: Blue, Green, UV People Honey Bees Honey Bee External Anatomy Thorax (Human Chest): 4 Wings & 6 Legs • Point of Attachment for: • 3 Pairs of Legs: Six legs • Two Pairs of Joined Wings: 4 wings • MANY Setae (“Hairs”)

Transcript of Honey Bee Anatomy and Function - National … 1 Honey Bee Anatomy and Function How Honey Bees are...

Page 1: Honey Bee Anatomy and Function - National … 1 Honey Bee Anatomy and Function How Honey Bees are Built and How the Function Similar but Different •Eat: Everything -Meat and Potatoes

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HoneyBeeAnatomyandFunction

HowHoneyBeesareBuiltandHowtheFunction

Similar but Different

• Eat:Everything- MeatandPotatoes• Omnivores– MeatandVegetables

• Digest:Stomach&Intestines• Excrete:FecesandUrine• Circulation Closed:Bloodmovesthrougharteriesandveins• Breathe:MouthandLungs

• BloodCarriesO2 andCO2 around• Vision:Onepairofeyes

• Colors:RedtoViolet(ROYGBIV)

• Eat:PollenandHoney• Herbivores– Plantoriginsonly

• Digest:Crop,Stomach,Intestines• Excrete:Fecesonly– whileflying• CirculationOpen:Hemolymphmovesfreelyaboutinnerbody• Breathe:20openingsinchestandabdomen+branchingtubes• Vision:5eyes:2Compoundeyesfront/sideand3Simpleeyesontop• Colors:NoRed– Best:Blue,Green,UV

People HoneyBees

HoneyBeeExternalAnatomy Thorax(HumanChest):4Wings&6Legs

•PointofAttachmentfor:• 3PairsofLegs:Sixlegs• TwoPairsofJoinedWings:4wings• MANYSetae(“Hairs”)

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FourWingsActasTwoWingsHookedTogether“TongueandGroove”

Legs– AQuickLook

Front Rear

PollenPacker

PollenBasket

Setae(Body”Hairs”)AttractPollen&SensoryTouch

Head• CompoundEyes• ThreeOcelli• SimpleEyes

• Antennae• Touch&Smell

•Mandibles• BiteandCarry

• Tongue• (Proboscis)• Hollowtube• SuckingupLiquids

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DigestiveSystem

Esophagus

(Oesophagus)

HoneyStomach(Crop)

ValvetoDigestion(Proventriculus)

Rectum

StomachVentriculus

Intestines

Throat(Pharynx)

TheHoneyStomach- CropEmptyCrop

FullCrop

Functions• CarryingLiquids• Nectar• Honey• Water

• AddsEnzymes• Plantsugars• Changeto

HoneySugars

Trophallaxis:ExchangingLiquidsandFood Poventriculus:ValveBetweenCropandStomach

ImportantFunctions• Gatekeepertostomach• SeparatesCropcontents

fromdigestionenzymes• Doesletsomepollen

throughtostomach

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HoneyBeeRespiration– “Breathing”

HumanRespiratorySystem

BreathingUsingSpiracles&BranchingTracheoles BranchingInnerRespiratoryTracheoles

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HoneyBeeHearts&

FluidCirculation

Circulation- Hearts&AortaFiveHeartsalongtopofabdomen.OneAorta

ThroughThoraxtoHeadLeakyHolesAlongtheWay

OpenCavitiesFilledwithHemolymph

ManyFlightMusclesinThorax

InsectGeneralCirculationRoundandRounditGoes

HoneyBeeSensorySystems

Page 6: Honey Bee Anatomy and Function - National … 1 Honey Bee Anatomy and Function How Honey Bees are Built and How the Function Similar but Different •Eat: Everything -Meat and Potatoes

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HoneyBeeNervousSystem

Brain

NerveCordRunningalongBottomofThoraxandAbdomen

Thorax“Chest”FlightMuscles

AbdomenCrop-Stomach-Intestines

Many Types of Sensory Receptors

• Mechanoreceptors – Touch and joint movement • Auditory receptors - Sounds • Stretch receptors – In Muscles – Movement Feedback • Chemoreceptors – Taste • Olfactory receptors – Odors and Pheromones• Gustatory receptors – Sense contents in Crop & Digestion• Thermoreceptors - Temperature• Photo receptors – Vision and Ultraviolet Light

HoneyBeeVision

3Ocelliand2CompoundEyes3Ocelli

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HoneyBeeCompoundEyesHaveHair!

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Compound Eyes Detect Motion

Flicker effect

Excellent at detecting motion.

Move Slowly & Deliberately Around Your Bees!

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Compound Eyes Have Color Vision

•Honey Bees Can Distinguish Colors• Preferences for Blue and yellow.• Cannot See Red

• Some beekeepers work in the dark using a red light source

• Color Vision is important in foraging and in courtship behaviors

REF 04

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Honey Bees Can Detect Ultraviolet Light•UV is High Energy: Hard on our skin and eyes• Can penetrate moderate cloud cover• Bees can fly on cloudy days

UV

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Entomology 29

Ultraviolet Vision ExamplesProduction vs.Reproduction

Queensproducemorebeesfortheircolonies:• ProportionatetoNectarFlowColoniesdivideandswarm– Createmorecolonies.• Morecoloniesarewhatisimportant

HoneyBeeSexDetermination

• NumberofChromosomesandGenes• Femaleshave32chromosomes(16pairs)- (Humanshave46;23pairs)• Maleshave16chromesOnlyoneset– (Humanmaleshave46;23pairs• Numberofgenes10,000(Humanshaveabout20,000genes)

• TheHoneySexGeneandSexDetermination• BeesnothaveXandYsexgenes;OnlyhaveXandX• 1Genedeterminessex.Ithasatleast19variations(alleles)• Mustbe2differentvariations,oneoneachXchromosome

• Ifvariantsarethesame– Eggandlarvaenotdevelop• Malescanhaveonly1variation-->Drones

QueenReproductiveSystem2Ovaries130– 186Ovarioles

Eggsforintips- Migratetowardvagina

SpermReservoir

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QueenandMultipleDronesMateinFlight

1.DroneMountsFromRear 2.DroneDropsBackandBreaksFree

Drone– Queen“FlyingUnited”3.Droneleavesprivatepartsbehind

OMG-- Ouch!HeDies

QueenmovesontonextDrone15to20

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HoneyBeeSting

StingersandVenomGlandsVenom Glands

Venom gland

Venom reservoir

HoneyBeeStingerandSting

PheromonesandSecretions

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ThereareManyOtherPheromones

WorkerPheromones• Alarm• BroodRecognition• Drone• Dufour’s gland• EggMarking• Footprint

WorkerPheromones,cont.• Forager• NasonovQueenPheromones• QueenMandibular• QueenRetinue

Many,ManyMoreandStillBeingDiscovered

BeesExposingNasonovGlands

• Orientsreturningbeestohomehive

• Keepsswarmingbeestogether

• ArtificialNasonovusedasaswarmlure

BeeswaxProduction

• Flakessecretedfromeightabdominalglands

• Chewedtomakeworkablethendepositedoncomb

• Containstracesofpollen• Youngbeesproduceitbest• About7lbs.ofhoney--- 1lb.waX

•JerryZimmerman•[email protected]

ThankYOU!J

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WhatWeWillAccomplish

v BasicHoneyBeeAnatomy

v HowSomeofItWorks

v SomeComparisonsWithOurselves


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