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Honduras

Republic of HondurasRepblica de Honduras

Flag Coat of arms

Motto:

"Libre, Soberana e Independiente"(Spanish) "Free, Sovereign and Independent"

Anthem:Himno Nacional de HondurasNational Anthem of Honduras

Capitaland largest city

Tegucigalpa146N 8713W [1]

Official languages Spanish

Recognised regionallanguages English Garifuna Miskito other indigenous languages

Ethnicgroups ([2]) 90% Mestizoa

7% Amerindian 2% Black 1% White

Demonym Honduran Catracho

Government Constitutional republic

- President Juan Orlando Hernndez

Legislature National Congress

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Independence

- Declaredb from Spain 15 September 1821

- Declared from theFirst Mexican Empire

1 July 1823

- Declared, as Honduras, from the FederalRepublic of Central America

5 November 1838

Area

- Total 112,492km2 (102nd)43,278sqmi

Population

- 2010estimate 8,249,574 (94th)

- 2007census 7,529,403

- Density 64/km2 (128th)166/sqmi

GDP(PPP) 2011estimate

- Total $35.697 billion

- Per capita $4,345

GDP(nominal) 2011estimate

- Total $17.381 billion

- Per capita $2,115

Gini(19922007) 55.3[3]

high

HDI (2010) 0.604medium 106th

Currency Lempira (HNL)

Time zone CST (UTC6)

Drives on the right

Calling code +504

ISO 3166 code HN

Internet TLD .hn

a. Mixture of European and American Indian.

b. As part of the Federal Republic of Central America.

Population estimates explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy,higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sexthan would otherwise be expected, as of July 2007.

Honduras ( i/hndrs/), officially the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Repblica de Honduras [repulikae onduas]), is a republic in Central America. It was at times referred to as Spanish Honduras to differentiate itfrom British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize. The country is bordered to the west byGuatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at theGulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.

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Honduras was home to several important indigenous cultures, most notably the Maya. Much of the country wasconquered by Spain which introduced its now predominant language and many of its customs in the sixteenthcentury. It became independent in 1821 and has been a republic since the end of Spanish rule.The area of Honduras is about 112,492km and the population exceeds eight million. Its northern portions are part ofthe Western Caribbean Zone. Honduras is most notable for production of minerals, coffee, tropical fruit, sugar caneand recently for exporting clothing to the international market.

Etymology Higueras a reference to the gourds that come from the Jicaro tree, many of which were found floating in the

waters off the northwest coast of Honduras. Honduras literally "depths" in Spanish. Columbus is traditionally quoted as having written "Gracias a Dios que

hemos salido de esas Honduras" (English: "Thank God we have come out of those depths") while along thenortheastern coast. However, William Davidson notes that there is no form of this quotation in the primarydocuments of Columbus's voyage, and that it in fact comes from accounts over a century later.[4]

Honduras from fondura, a Leonese language word meaning anchorage which is one of the first words for theregion to appear on a map in the second decade of the 16th century applied to the bay of Trujillo. It was not untilthe end of the 16th century that Honduras was used for the whole province. Prior to 1580, Honduras referred tothe eastern part of the province, and Higueras referred to the western part.

Another early name is Guaymuras, revived as the name for the political dialogue in 2009 that took place inHonduras as opposed to Costa Rica.

HistoryMain article: History of Honduras

Mayan stelae, an emblematic symbol of theHonduran Mayan civilization at Copan.

Pre-colonial period

In pre-Columbian times, modern Honduras was part of theMesoamerican cultural area. In the west, the Maya civilizationflourished for hundreds of years. The dominant state within Honduras'sborders was that based in Copn. Copn fell with the other Lowlandcentres during the conflagrations of the Terminal Classic, the early 9thcentury. The Maya of this civilization survive in western Honduras asthe Ch'orti', isolated from their Choltian linguistic peers to the west.

Remains of other Pre-Columbian cultures are found throughout thecountry. Archaeologists have studied sites such as Naco and La Sierra

in the Naco Valley, Los Naranjos on Lake Yojoa, Yarumela in the Comayagua Valley, La Ceiba and Salitron Viejo(both now under the Cajon Dam reservoir), Selin Farm and Cuyamel in the Aguan valley, Cerro Palenque, Travesia,Curruste, Ticamaya, Despoloncal in the lower Ulua river valley, and many others.

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Conquest periodOn his fourth and the final voyage to the New World in 1502, Christopher Columbus became the first European tovisit the Bay Islands on the coast of Honduras. Columbus landed near the modern town of Trujillo, in the vicinity ofthe Guaimoreto Lagoon.In 1524 the Spanish arrived on Honduras led by Hernan Cortes, bringing forces down from Mexico. Much of theconquest was done in the following two decades, first by groups loyal to Cristbal de Olid, and then by those loyal ofFrancisco Montejo but most particularly by those following Alvarado. In addition to Spanish resources, theconquerors relied heavily armed forces from MexicoTlaxcalans and Mexica armies of thousands who lived on inthe region as garrisons. Resistance to conquest was led in particularly by Lempira,and many regions in the northnever fell to the Spanish, notably the Miskito Kingdom. After the Spanish conquest, Honduras became part ofSpain's vast empire in the New World within the Kingdom of Guatemala. Trujillo and Gracias were the firstcity-capitals. The Spanish ruled the region for approximately three centuries.

Colonial periodHonduras was organized as a province of the "Kingdom of Guatemala" and the capital was fixed, first at Trujillo onthe Atlantic coast, and later at Comayagua, and finally at Tegucigalpa in the central part of the country.Silver mining was a key factor in the Spanish conquest and settlement of Honduras. Initially the mines were workedby local people through the encomienda system, but as disease and resistance made this less available, slaves fromother parts of Central America were brought in, and following the end of the local slave trading period at the end ofthe sixteenth century, African slaves, mostly from Angola were obtained.[5] After about 1650, very few slaves orother outside workers arrived in Honduras.Although the Spanish conquered the southern or Pacific portion of Honduras fairly quickly they were less successfulin the northern or Atlantic side. They managed to found a few towns along the coast, at Puerto Caballos and Trujilloin particular, but failed to conquer the eastern portion of the region and many pockets of independent indigenouspeople as well. The Miskito Kingdom, located in the northeast was particularly effective in resisting conquest. TheMiskitos, in turn found support from northern European privateers, pirates and especially the English colony ofJamaica, which placed much of it under their protection after 1740.

Fortaleza de San Fernando de Omoa was built bythe Spanish to protect the coast of Honduras from

English pirates.

Independence and the nineteenth century

Honduras became independent from Spain in 1821 and was for a timepart of the First Mexican Empire until 1823 when it became part of theUnited Provinces of Central America federation. After 1838 it was anindependent republic and held regular elections.

Comayagua was the capital of Honduras until 1880, when it wastransferred to Tegucigalpa.In the decades of 1840 and 1850 Honduras participated in severalfailed attempts to restore Central American unity, such as theConfederation of Central America (18421845), the covenant ofGuatemala (1842), the Diet of Sonsonate (1846), the Diet of Nacaome(1847) and National Representation in Central America (18491852).

Although Honduras eventually adopted the name Republic of Honduras, the unionist ideal never waned, andHonduras was one of the Central American countries that pushed hardest for the policy of regional unity.Since independence, nearly 300 small internal rebellions and civil wars have occurred in the country, including somechanges of government.

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Neoliberal policies favoring international trade and investment began in the 1870s, and soon foreign interestsbecame involved first in shipping, especially tropical fruit (most notably bananas) from the north coast, and then inrailway building. In 1888, a projected railroad line from the Caribbean coast to the capital, Tegucigalpa, ran out ofmoney when it reached San Pedro Sula, resulting in its growth into the nation's main industrial center and secondlargest city.

International influence in the 20th centuryIn the late nineteenth century United States-based infrastructure and fruit growing companies were grantedsubstantial land and exemptions to develop the northern regions. As a result, thousands of workers came to the northcoast to work in the banana plantations and the other industries that grew up around the export industry. The bananaexporting companies, dominated by Cuyamel Fruit Company (until 1930), United Fruit Company, and StandardFruit Company, built an enclave economy in northern Honduras, controlling infrastructure and creatingself-sufficient, tax exempt sectors that contributed relatively little to economic growth. In addition to drawing manyCentral American workers to the north, the fruit companies also encouraged immigration of workers from theEnglish-speaking Caribbean, notably Jamaica and Belize, who introduced an African descended, English speakingand largely Protestant population into the country, though many left after changes in the immigration law in 1939.[6]

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Honduras joined the Allied Nations on 8 December 1941. Along withtwenty-five other governments, Honduras signed the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942.Constitutional crises in the 1940s led to reforms in the 1950s, and as a result of one such reform, workers were givenpermission to organize, which led to a general strike in 1954 that paralyzed the northern part of the country for morethan two months, but which led to more general reforms.In 1969, Honduras and El Salvador fought what would become known as the Football War. There had been bordertensions between the two countries after Oswaldo Lpez Arellano, a former president of Honduras, blamed thedeteriorating economy on the large number of immigrants from El Salvador. From that point on, the relationshipbetween the two countries grew acrimonious and reached a low when El Salvador met Honduras for a three-roundfootball elimination match as a preliminary to the World Cup. Tensions escalated, and on 14 July 1969, theSalvadoran army launched an attack on the Honduras army. The Organization of American States negotiated acease-fire, which took effect on 20 July and brought about a withdrawal of Salvadoran troops in early August.Contributing factors to the conflict were a boundary dispute and the presence of thousands of Salvadorans living inHonduras illegally. After the week-long football war, as many as 130,000 Salvadoran immigrants were expelled.[7]

El Salvador had agreed on a truce to settle the boundary issue, but Honduras later paid war damage costs for expelledrefugees.Hurricane Fifi caused severe damage while skimming the northern coast of Honduras on 18 and 19 September 1974.Melgar Castro (197578) and Paz Garcia (197882) largely built the current physical infrastructure andtelecommunications system of Honduras.In 1979, the country returned to civilian rule. A constituent assembly was popularly elected in April 1980 andgeneral elections were held in November 1981. A new constitution was approved in 1982 and the PLH governmentof Roberto Suazo assumed power. Roberto Suazo won the elections with a promise to carry out an ambitiousprogram of economic and social development in Honduras in order to tackle the country's recession. PresidentRoberto Suazo Cordoba launched ambitious social and economic development projects, sponsored by Americandevelopment aid. Honduras became host to the largest Peace Corps mission in the world, and nongovernmental andinternational voluntary agencies proliferated.During the early 1980s, the United States established a continuing military presence in Honduras with the purpose of supporting the Contra guerillas fighting the Nicaraguan government and also developed an air strip and a modern port in Honduras. Though spared the bloody civil wars wracking its neighbors, the Honduran army quietly waged a campaign against Marxist-Leninist militias such as Cinchoneros Popular Liberation Movement, notorious for

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kidnappings and bombings, and many non-militants. The operation included a CIA-backed campaign of extrajudicialkillings by government-backed units, most notably Battalion 316.[8]

Beach at Roatn.

In 1998, Hurricane Mitch caused such massive and widespreaddestruction that former Honduran President Carlos Roberto Floresclaimed that fifty years of progress in the country were reversed. Mitchobliterated about 70% of the crops and an estimated 7080% of thetransportation infrastructure, including nearly all bridges andsecondary roads. Across the country, 33,000 houses were destroyed, anadditional 50,000 damaged, some 5,000 people killed, 12,000 injured for a total loss estimated at $3 billion USD.[9]

21st century

The 2008 Honduran floods were severe and around half the country's roads were damaged or destroyed as a result.In 2009, a constitutional crisis culminated in a transfer of power from the president to the head of Congress.Countries all over the world, the OAS, and the UN formally and unanimously condemned the action as a coup d'tatand refused to recognize the de facto government, though a document submitted to the United States Congressdeclared the coup to be legal according to the opinion of the lawyers consulted by the Library of Congress. In anyevent the Honduran Supreme Court also ruled the proceedings to be legal. The government that followed the de factogovernment, set up a "truth and reconciliation commission", Comision de la Verdad y Reconciliacion, which aftermore than a year of research and debate[10] concluded the ousting to be a coup d'tat "to the executive power", illegalin their opinion.[11][12][13][14]

GeographyMain article: Geography of HondurasSee also: List of rivers of Honduras

Honduras is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea(top), Nicaragua, a gulf on the Pacific Ocean, El

Salvador (lower left) and Guatemala (left).

Honduras borders the Caribbean Sea on the north coast and the PacificOcean on the south through the Gulf of Fonseca. It mostly lies betweenlatitudes 13 and 17N (a small area lies south of 13, and the SwanIslands are north of 17), and longitudes 83 and 90W.

The climate varies from tropical in the lowlands to temperate in themountains. The central and southern regions are relatively hotter andless humid than the northern coast.

The Honduran territory consists mainly of mountains, but there arenarrow plains along the coasts, a large undeveloped lowland jungle LaMosquitia region in the northeast, and the heavily populated lowlandSula valley in the northwest. In La Mosquitia, lies the UNESCOworld-heritage site Ro Pltano Biosphere Reserve, with the CocoRiver which divides the country from Nicaragua.

The Islas de la Baha and the Swan Islands (all off the north coast) are part of Honduras. Misteriosa Bank andRosario Bank, 130 to 150km (8093 miles) north of the Swan Islands, fall within the EEZ of Honduras.

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Honduran rainforest

Natural resources include timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, ironore, antimony, coal, fish, shrimp, and hydropower.

Ecology

See also: List of birds of HondurasThe region is considered a biodiversity hotspot because of thenumerous plant and animal species that can be found there. Like othercountries in the region, Honduras contains vast biological resources.The country hosts more than 6,000 species of vascular plants, of which630 (described so far) are orchids; around 250 reptiles and amphibians,more than 700 bird species, and 110 mammal species, half of them being bats.

In the northeastern region of La Mosquitia lies the Ro Pltano Biosphere Reserve, a lowland rainforest which ishome to a great diversity of life. The reserve was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List in 1982.Honduras has rain forests, cloud forests (which can rise up to nearly three thousand meters above sea level),mangroves, savannas and mountain ranges with pine and oak trees, and the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. Inthe Bay Islands there are bottlenose dolphins, manta rays, parrot fish, schools of blue tang and whale shark.

Government and politicsMain article: Politics of HondurasHonduras has five registered political parties: National Party (Partido Nacional de Honduras: PNH); Liberal Party(Partido Liberal de Honduras: PLH); Social Democrats (Partido Innovacin y Unidad-Social Demcrata: PINU-SD),Social Christians (Partido Demcrata-Cristiano de Honduras: DCH); and Democratic Unification (PartidoUnificacin Democrtica: UD). PNH and PLH have ruled the country for decades. In the last years, Honduras hashad six Liberal presidents: Roberto Suazo Crdova, Jos Azcona del Hoyo, Carlos Roberto Reina, Carlos RobertoFlores, Manuel Zelaya and Roberto Micheletti, and three Nationalists: Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, RicardoMaduro and Porfirio Lobo Sosa. The elections have been full of controversies, including questions about whetherAzcona was born in Spain, and whether Maduro should have been able to stand, given he was born in Panama.Honduras has had many leaders from several parties since gaining its independence from Spain and from Mexico;nineteen have served as president during the period when Honduras was a part of the Federal Republic of CentralAmerica. Sixty-seven men have served as president of the Republic of Honduras. The current Honduras president isPresident Porfirio Lobo. In addition there have been several joint governments.In 1963, a military coup was mounted against the democratically elected president Ramn Villeda Morales. Thisevent started a string of Military Governments which held power almost uninterrupted until 1981 when SuazoCrdova (LPH) was elected president and Honduras changed from a military authoritarian regime.Government ministries are often incapable of carrying out their mandate due to budgetary constraints.[citation needed]

In an interview with Rodolfo Pastor Fasquelle, Minister of Sports & Culture and one of three 'super ministers'responsible for coordinating the ministries related to public services (security and economic being the other two),published in Honduras This Week on 31 July 2006, it was related that 94% of the department budget was spent onbureaucracy and only 6% went to support activities and organizations covered by the mandate. Wages within thatministry were identified as the largest budget consumer.[citation needed]

President Maduro's administration "de-nationalized" the telecommunications sector in a move to promote the rapid diffusion of these services to the Honduran population. As of November 2005, there were around 10 private-sector telecommunications companies in the Honduran market, including two mobile phone companies. As of mid-2007, the issue of tele-communications continues to be very damaging to the current government.[15] The country's main

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newspapers are La Prensa, El Heraldo, La Tribuna and Diario Tiempo. The official newspaper is La Gaceta.A Presidential and General Election was held on 27 November 2005. Manuel Zelaya of the Liberal Party ofHonduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras: PLH) won, with Porfirio Pepe Lobo of the National Party of Honduras(Partido Nacional de Honduras: PNH) coming in second. The PNH challenged the election results, and Lobo Sosadid not concede until 7 December. Towards the end of December, the government finally released the total ballotcount, giving Zelaya the official victory. Zelaya was inaugurated as Honduras' new president on 27 January2006.[citation needed]

Zelaya precipitated a national crisis by trying to hold a non-binding national referendum to ask the Honduran people:"Do you agree that, during the general elections of November 2009 there should be a fourth ballot to decide whetherto hold a Constituent National Assembly that will approve a new political constitution?" This possible Assemblythen might not or more likely might have proposed constitutional changes to term-limits as the military and theSupreme Court deemed possible and other more likely, unrelated and legal constitutional changes.

2009 Honduran constitutional crisisMain article: 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis

Demonstrators supporting Micheletti

Manuel Zelaya in 2009

The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis resulted in an event the internationalcommunity almost universally refers to as a coup d'tat. The coup lasted from 28June 2009 to 27 January 2010. President Manuel Zelaya attempted to hold a"non-binding referendum" on 28 June asking voters if the upcoming Novemberelections should include an additional ballot box. The ballot box would ask if theHonduran people wished to form a Constitutional Assembly in the term of thenewly elected president.[16] The Supreme Court upheld a lower court ruling thatfound a prior referendum based on the same issue unconstitutional and prohibitedit.

Referendum

Zelaya ignored the Supreme Court and decided to proceed on the referendum,basing his decision on the Law of Citizen Participation, passed in 2006. Zelayadismissed the head of the military command, General Romeo VsquezVelsquez, for disobeying an order to hold the poll, but the Supreme Courtordered his reinstatement. The Supreme Court then ordered the military (who asa non-civilian force had no jurisdiction over the matter) to detain Zelaya. Thevote on the referendum was scheduled for 28 June 2009. In the early morning onthat day, the army[17] arrested Zelaya at his home.

Zelaya was held in a U.S. airbase outside Tegucigalpa before being forcibly sentto San Jos, Costa Rica. Zelaya attempted reentry into the country on severaloccasions. According to the constitution, it is illegal to expatriate any Hondurancitizen.[18] Roberto Micheletti, the former President of the Honduran Congressand a member of the same party as Zelaya, was sworn in as President by theNational Congress on the afternoon of Sunday 28 June for a term that ended on27 January 2010.

No country recognised the de facto government as legitimate; all members of theUN condemned the removal of Zelaya as a coup d'tat. Some Republican Party

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Roberto Micheletti

members of the U.S. Congress voiced support at the time for the new government.On 21 September 2009, Zelaya returned to Honduras and entered the Brazilianembassy. From its roof, he attempted to incite his supporters in a rebellion. Thegovernment disrupted utility services to the embassy and imposed a curfew in anattempt to maintain order in the area when Zelaya's supporters protested around theembassy.

The following day, in Decree PCM-M-016-2009, the government suspended fiveConstitutional rights: personal liberty (Article 69), freedom of expression (Article72), freedom of movement (Article 81), habeas corpus (Article 84) and freedom ofassociation and assembly. It closed a leftist radio and a television station. The decreesuspending human rights was officially revoked on 19 October 2009 in La Gaceta.

2009 election

The presidential election on 29 November 2009 was held under a tense state of political turmoil and ongoing coup.Porfirio Lobo Sosa of the National Party of Honduras defeated the candidate of the Liberal Party of Honduras, civilengineer Elvin Ernesto Santos Ordoez. Sosa was sworn into office as president in 2010, and declared his wish tobring order to the country and reapply for membership in the Organization of American States.

Crime and law enforcementMain article: Crime in HondurasAccording to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Honduras has the highest rate of intentional homicidein the world, with 6,239 intentional homicides, or 82.1 per 100,000 of population in 2010. This is significantlyhigher than the rate in El Salvador, which at 66.0 per 100,000 in 2010, has the second highest rate of intentionalhomicide in the world.

Departments and municipalities

Departmental division of Honduras

See also: Departments of Honduras and Municipalities of HondurasHonduras is divided into 18 departments. The capital city isTegucigalpa in the Central District within the department of FranciscoMorazn.

1.1. Atlntida2.2. Choluteca3.3. Coln4.4. Comayagua5.5. Copn6.6. Corts7.7. El Paraso8.8. Francisco Morazn9.9. Gracias a Dios10.10. Intibuc11.11. Islas de la Baha12.12. La Paz13.13. Lempira14.14. Ocotepeque15.15. Olancho

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16.16. Santa Brbara17.17. Valle18.18. Yoro

EconomySee also: Economy of Honduras

Downtown San Pedro Sula

The economy has continued to grow slowly, but the distribution ofwealth remains very polarized with average wages remaining low.Economic growth in the last few years has averaged 7% a year, one ofthe highest rates in Latin America, but 50% of the population,approximately 3.7 million people, still remains below the poverty line.It is estimated that there are more than 1.2 million people who areunemployed, the rate of unemployment standing at 27.9%. Accordingto the Human Development Index, Honduras is the sixth poorest/leastdeveloped country in Latin America, after Haiti, Nicaragua,Guatemala, Guyana, and Bolivia.

Sky Residence Club, one of the tallest building inTegucigalpa, standing at 318feet (97 meters) in

the Lomas del Mayab neighborhood.

Honduras was declared one of the heavily indebted poor countries bythe World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and was madeeligible for debt relief in 2005.

The government operates both the electricity (ENEE) and land-linetelephone services (HONDUTEL), as ENEE receives heavy subsidiesfor its chronic financial problems. HONDUTEL, however, is no longera monopoly, as the telecommunication sector was opened to privatesector on 25 December 2005, as was required under the CAFTA. Theprice of petroleum is controlled, and the Congress often ratifiestemporary price regulations for basic commodities.

Gold, silver, lead and zinc are produced at mines owned by foreigncompanies.[19]

After years of decline against the U.S. dollar, lempira recently stabilized at around 19 lempiras per dollar. In June2008, the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and lempira was approximately 1 to 18.85.In 2005, Honduras signed the CAFTA, the free trade agreement with the United States. In December 2005, PuertoCortes, the main seaport in Honduras, was included in the U.S. Container Security Initiative.[20]

On 7 December 2006, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Energy announced the firstphase of the Secure Freight Initiative, an unprecedented effort to build upon existing port security measures byenhancing the U.S. governments authority to scan containers from overseas for nuclear and radiological materials tobetter assess the risk of inbound containers. The initial phase of Secure Freight involves the deployment of nucleardetection and other devices to six foreign ports: Port Qasim in Pakistan; Puerto Cortes in Honduras; Southampton inthe United Kingdom; Port Salalah in Oman; Port of Singapore; and the Gamman Terminal at Port Busan in Korea.Since early 2007, containers from these ports have been scanned for radiation and other risk factors before they areallowed to depart for the United States.To enhance the economy, on 4 September 2012 Honduras government has signed a memorandum of understandingwith a group of international investors to build a zone (city) with their own laws, tax system, judiciary and police,but the opponents tried to lodge a suit at the supreme court about it ('state within a state').

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EnergyAbout half of the electricity sector in Honduras is privately owned. The remaining generation capacity is run byENEE (Empresa Nacional de Energa Elctrica). Key challenges in the sector are: How to finance investments in generation and transmission in the absence of either a financially healthy utility or

of concessionary funds by external donors for these types of investments; How to re-balance tariffs, cut arrears and reduce commercial losses including electricity theft without

fostering social unrest; and How to reconcile environmental concerns with the government's objective to build two new large dams and

associated hydropower plants. How to improve access in rural areas.

Social conditionsMain article: Social conditions in HondurasOver the centuries, the territory of Honduras has known a number of social systems, ranging from ancient foragergroups through early complex societies to more elaborated ones, such as those of the Maya and Lenca. Spanishconquest built on these, and their traditions carried over into the post independence period. Honduras' emergence inthe late nineteenth century as a cash crop producing exporter and then its limited industrialization through themaquiladora system have brought about the conditions of today.In 2012, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime rated Honduras as the country with the highest per capitamurder rate. (See: List of countries by intentional homicide rate)

Water supply and sanitationWater supply and sanitation in Honduras varies greatly from urban centers to rural villages. Larger populationcenters generally have modernized water treatment and distribution systems, however water quality is often poorbecause of lack of proper maintenance and treatment. Rural areas generally have basic drinking water systems withlimited capacity for water treatment. Many urban areas have sewer systems in place for the collection of wastewater,however proper treatment of wastewater is scarce. In rural areas, sanitary facilities are generally limited to latrinesand basic septic pits.Water and sanitation services were historically provided by Servicio Autonomo de Alcantarillas y Aqueductos(SANAA). In 2003, a new "water law" was passed which called for the decentralization of water services. With the2003 law, local communities have the right and responsibility to own, operate, and control their own drinking waterand wastewater systems. Since passage of the new law, many communities have joined together to address water andsanitation issues on a regional basis.Many national and international non-government organizations have a history of working on water and sanitationprojects in Honduras. International groups include, but are not limited to, the Red Cross, Water 1st, Rotary Club,Catholic Relief Services, Water for People, EcoLogic Development Fund [21], CARE, CESO-SACO, EngineersWithout Borders USA [22], Flood The Nations, SHH, Global Brigades, and Agua para el Pueblo in partnership withAguaClara at Cornell University.In addition, many government organizations working on projects include: the European Union, USAID, the ArmyCorps of Engineers, Cooperacion Andalucia, the government of Japan, and many others.

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Transport

Highway in Honduras

Transportation in Honduras consists of the following infrastructure: 699km ofrailways; 13,603km of roadways; seven ports and harbors;[citation needed] and 112airports altogether (12 Paved, 100 unpaved). Responsibility for policy in thetransport sector rests with the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Housing(SOPRTRAVI after its Spanish acronym).

DemographicsMain article: Demographics of HondurasSee also: Hondurans

EthnicityMain article: Ethnicity in HondurasAccording to the CIA World Factbook, Honduras has a population of 8,143,564 as at July 2011; the CIA WorldFactbook states that the population makeup is: "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%,black 2%, white 1%".

LanguagesSpanish, Honduran Sign Language, Garifuna, Bay Islands Creole English, Mskito, Sumu, Pech, Jicaque, Chorti,Lenca (extinct).

ReligionMain article: Religion in Honduras

Cardinal Oscar Andres Rodriguezwas one of the strongest candidatesto become Pope after the death of

John Paul II.

Although most Hondurans are nominally Roman Catholic (which would beconsidered the main religion), according to one report [citation needed],membership in the Roman Catholic Church is declining while membership inProtestant churches is increasing. The International Religious Freedom Report,2008, notes that a CID Gallup poll reported that 47% of the population identifiedthemselves as Catholic, 36% as evangelical Protestant, and 17% provided noanswer or considered themselves "other." Customary Catholic church tallies andmembership estimates 81% Catholic where the priest (in more than 185 parishes)is required to fill out a pastoral account of the parish each year.[23][24]

The CIA Factbook has Honduras listed as 97% Catholic and 3% Protestant.Commenting on statistical variations everywhere, John Green of Pew Forum onReligion and Public Life notes that: "It isn't that ... numbers are more right than[someone else's] numbers ... but how one conceptualizes the group.[25] Oftenpeople attend one church without giving up their "home" church. Many whoattend evangelical megachurches in the US, for example, attend more than one

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church.[26] This shifting and fluidity is common in Brazil where two-fifths of those who were raised evangelical areno longer evangelical and Catholics seem to shift in and out of various churches, often while still remainingCatholic.[27]

Most pollsters suggest an annual poll taken over a number of years would provide the best method of knowingreligious demographics and variations in any single country. Still, in Honduras are thriving Anglican, Presbyterian,Methodist, Seventh-day Adventist, Lutheran, Latter-day Saint (Mormon) and Pentecostal churches. There areProtestant seminaries. The Catholic Church, still the only "church" that is recognized, is also thriving in the numberof schools, hospitals, and pastoral institutions (including its own medical school) that it operates. Its archbishop,Oscar Andres Rodriguez Maradiaga, is also very popular, both with the government, other churches, and in his ownchurch. Practitioners of the Buddhist, Jewish, Islamic, Bah', Rastafari and indigenous denominations and religionsexist.

Folklore

Wilson Palacios, one of the mostwell-known athletes from Honduras,

plays for the Honduras nationalfootball team and for Stoke City of

the English Premier League.

Legends and fairy tales are paramount within the Honduras culture; Lluvia dePeces (Fish Rain) is an example of this. The legend of El Cadejo, La Llorona andLa Ciguanaba (La Sucia) are also popular.

Geographic distribution

According to the Honduras 2001 Census of Population, the most populousDepartments are: Corts (1,2 million), Francisco Morazn (1,2 million), Yoro(466,000), Olancho (420,000), Choluteca (391,000) and Comayagua (353,000).The least populous are Islas de la Bahia and Gracias a Dios. According to thesame source, the main cities are: Tegucigalpa (894,000 hab.-Distrito Centralonly-), San Pedro Sula (517,000 hab.), Choloma (160,000 hab.), La Ceiba(140,00 hab.), El Progreso (106,000 hab.), Choluteca, Comayagua, PuertoCortes, La Lima and Danli. However, the main metropolitan areas areTegucigalpa (1,200,000 hab. -est. 2007) and San Pedro Sula (900,000 hab.-same year-). Between the 1988 and 2001 Census, San Pedro Sula doubled itspopulation. The country has 20 cities above 20,000 inhabitants. Honduras is theonly Central American country which its second most important city has half thepopulation of the city-capital. Considering metropolitan areas only, the Honduran capital is the third largest CentralAmerican urban agglomeration, after Guatemala City and San Salvador.

Diaspora

Main article: Honduran diasporaSince 1975, emigration from Honduras has accelerated as job-seekers and political refugees sought a better lifeelsewhere. Although many Hondurans have relatives in Spain, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Canada, the majority ofexpatriate Hondurans live in the United States.

In Spain, the Honduran community is the largest amongst the Central American people living there, with anestimated 8,500, according to Spanish statistics for 2006.[28] The main figures indicate that 2,130 live in Barcelonaand 1,100 in Madrid. In addition Catalonia has 4,854 Hondurans; Comunidad de Madrid, 1,086; ComunidadValenciana, 556; and Castilla y Leon, 524.According to CELADE (Investigacin Migracin Internacional de Latinoamrica)'s figures, by 1992, more than 8,700 Hondurans were living in El Salvador; 9,700 in Nicaragua (1995), 5,500 in Guatemala (2002), 3,000 in Costa Rica (by 2000); and 2,400 in Belize (1990). Note: figures are not comparable. Additionally, according to UN

Honduras 14

Demographic Yearbook (2000) 8,700 Honduran live in Canada.[29]

Recent State Department estimates[30] suggest there are between 800,000 and 1 million Hondurans living in theUnited States, nearly 15% of the Honduran domestic population. The large uncertainty is due to the substantialnumber of undocumented Honduran immigrants currently believed to be residing in the United States. The 2010 U.S.Census counted 633,401 Hondurans in the United States, up from 217,569 in 2000.[31]

CultureMain article: Culture of Honduras

Creative endeavors

The Cathedral of Comayagua

The most renowned Honduran painter is Jose Antonio Velsquez.Other important painters include Carlos Garay, and Roque Zelaya.Some of Honduras' most notable writers are Lucila Gamero de Medina,Froylan Turcios, Ramn Amaya Amador and Juan Pablo SuazoEuceda, Marco Antonio Rosa, Roberto Sosa, Eduardo Bhr, AmandaCastro, Javier Abril Espinoza, Tefilo Trejo, and Roberto Quesada.

Some of Honduras' notable musicians include Rafael Coello Ramos,Lidia Handal, Victoriano Lpez, Guillermo Anderson, Vctor Donaire[32], Matilde Quan, Moises Canelo, Julio Quan Francisco Carranza,Camilo Rivera Guevara, Hctor David [33], Javier Reyes, NormaErazo, Sergio Suazo, ngel Ros, Jorge Meja, Jorge Santos, Walterio Galdmez and Fernando Raudales.

Hondurans are often referred to as Catracho or Catracha (fem) in Spanish. The word was coined by Nicaraguansand derives from the last name of the Spanish Honduran General Florencio Xatruch, who, in 1857, led Honduranarmed forces against an attempted invasion by North American adventurer William Walker. The nickname isconsidered complimentary, not derogatory. The main language is Spanish, spoken by 94% as first language.Minority languages are spoken by less than 4%. These are Amerindian languages such as Garifuna, Miskito, andPech; Honduras Sign Language; and English on the Bay Islands off the north coast.Honduras This Week is a weekly English-language newspaper that has been published for seventeen years inTegucigalpa. On the islands of Roatan, Utila and Guanaja, the Bay Islands Voice has been a source of monthly newssince 2003.Honduran cuisine makes extensive use of coconut, in both sweet and savory foods, and even in soups.The Jos Francisco Saybe theater in San Pedro Sula is home to the Crculo Teatral Sampedrano (Theatrical Circle ofSan Pedro Sula)

SportsFootball is the most popular Sport in Honduras. Information on all other Honduran sports related articles are below: Football in Honduras Honduran Football Federation Honduras national baseball team Honduras national football team Honduras national under-20 football team Honduras U-17 national football team

Honduras 15

Celebrations

Sawdust carpets of ComayaguaDuring the Easter Celebrations.

Some of Honduras' national holidays include Honduras Independence Day on 15September and Children's Day or Da del Nio, which is celebrated in homes,schools and churches on 10 September; on this day, children receive presents andhave parties similar to Christmas or birthday celebrations. Some neighborhoodshave piatas on the street. Other holidays are Easter, Maundy Thursday, GoodFriday, Day of the Soldier (3 October to celebrate the birth of FranciscoMorazn), Christmas, El Dia de Lempira on 20 July, and New Year's Eve.

Honduras Independence Day festivities start early in the morning with marchingbands. Each band wears different colors and features cheerleaders. FiestaCatracha takes place this same day: typical Honduran foods such as beans,tamales, baleadas, cassava with chicharron, and tortillas are offered. OnChristmas Eve, the people reunite with their families and close friends to havedinner, then give out presents at midnight. In some cities fireworks are seen andheard at midnight. On New Year's Eve there is food and "cohetes", fireworks andfestivities. Birthdays are also great events, and include the famous piata whichis filled with candies and surprises for the children invited.

La Feria Isidra is celebrated in La Ceiba, a city located in the north coast, in the second half of May to celebrate theday of the city's patron saint Saint Isidore. People from all over the world come for one week of festivities. Everynight there is a little carnaval (carnavalito) in a neighborhood. Finally, on Saturday there is a big parade with floatsand displays with people from many countries. This celebration is also accompanied by the Milk Fair, where manyHondurans come to show off their farm products and animals.

National symbols

National bird, Ara macao

The flag of Honduras is composed of 3 equal horizontal stripes, with the upperand lower ones being blue and representing the Pacific Ocean and CaribbeanSea. The central stripe is white. It contains five blue stars representing the fivestates of the Central American Union. The middle star represents Honduras,located in the center of the Central American Union.

The Coat of Arms was established in 1945. It is an equilateral triangle, at thebase is a volcano between three castles, over which is a rainbow and the sunshining. The triangle is placed on an area that symbolizes being bathed by bothseas. Around all of this an oval containing in golden lettering: "Republic ofHonduras, Free, Sovereign and Independent".The National Anthem of Honduras is a result of a contest carried out in 1914during the presidency of Manuel Bonilla. In the end, it was the poet Augosto C.Coello that ended up writing the anthem, with the participation of Germancomposer Carlos Hartling writing the music. The anthem was officially adopted on 15 November 1915, during thepresidency of Alberto Membreo. The anthem is composed of a choir and seven stroonduran.

The national flower is the famous orchid, Rhyncholaelia digbyana (formerly known as Brassavola digbyana), whichreplaced the rose in 1969. The change of the National Flower was carried out during the administration of generalOswaldo Lpez Arellano, thinking that Brassavola digbiana "is an indigenous plant of Honduras; having this flowerexceptional characteristics of beauty, vigor and distinction", as the decree dictates it.

Honduras 16

The National Tree of Honduras was declared in 1928 to be simply "the Pine that appears symbolically in our Coat ofArms" (el Pino que figura simblicamente en nuestro Escudo),[34] even though pines comprise a genus and not aspecies, and even though legally there's no specification as for what kind of pine should appear in the Coat of Armseither. Because of its commonality in the country, the Pinus oocarpa species has become since then the species moststrongly associated as the national tree, but legally it is not so. Another species associated as the national tree is thePinus caribaea.The National Mammal is the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which was adopted as a measure to avoidexcessive depredation. It is one of two species of deer that live in Honduras. The National Bird of Honduras is theScarlet Macaw (Ara macao). This bird was much valued by the pre-Columbian civilizations of Honduras.

HealthThe fertility rate is approximately 3.7 per woman. The under-five mortality rate is at 40 per 1,000 live births. Thehealth expenditure was US$ (PPP) 197 per person in 2004. There are about 57 physicians per 100,000 people.

EducationMain article: Education in HondurasSee also: List of schools in HondurasIn Honduras about 83.6% of the population of the country is literate. The net primary enrollment rate was 94% in2004, while in 2007 the primary school completion rate was reported to be 40%.[citation needed] Honduras hasbilingual (Spanish and English) and even trilingual (Spanish, English, German/Turkish) schools and numerousuniversities.The university is ruled by National Autonomous University of Honduras which have centers in the most importantcities in Honduras.

References[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Honduras& params=14_6_N_87_13_W_type:country[2] Honduras (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ ho. html). CIA The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Retrieved

on 28 July 2012.[3] 19922007:[4][4] Davidson traces it to Herrera.[5] Linda Newsom, The Cost of Conquest: Indian Decline in Honduras Under Spanish Rule. Dellplain Latin American Studies; No. 20,

Westview Press, Boulder ISBN 0813372739[6] Glen Chambers, Race Nation and West Indian Immigration to Honduras, 18901940 (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=d1Zlr9m3eTwC& printsec=frontcover), Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010 ISBN 0807135577[7] " Honduras War with El Salvador (http:/ / countrystudies. us/ honduras/ 22. htm)". Library of Congress Country Studies.[8] "A survivor tells her story" (http:/ / www. baltimoresun. com/ news/ local/ bal-negroponte3a,0,3966794. story??track=sto-relcon)

baltimoresun.com, 15 June 1995. Retrieved 8 January 2007.[9][9] . usgs.gov[10] Report by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Honduras (http:/ / seaifcentralamerica. files. wordpress. com/ 2011/ 07/

report-of-the-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-honduras-7-18-11. pdf). Seattle International Foundation (2011-07-18)[11] Honduras Truth Commission rules Zelaya removal was coup (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ world-latin-america-14072148). BBC (7 July

2011)[12] Julia Zebley (18 July 2011) Honduras truth commission says coup against Zelaya was unconstitutional (http:/ / jurist. org/ paperchase/ 2011/

07/ honduras-truth-commission-says-coup-was-unconstitutional. php). jurist.org[13] The Struggle for Truth in Honduras: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission vs. the True Commission (http:/ / ccrjustice. org/

learn-more/ faqs/ struggle-truth-honduras:-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-. -true-commission). ccrjustice.org[14] OAS Secretary General Praises the Report by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Honduras (http:/ / www. oas. org/ en/

media_center/ press_release. asp?sCodigo=E-755/ 11) (7 July 2011)[15][15] . laprensa.hn (11 August 2007).

Honduras 17

[16] Honduras: Constitutional Law Issues (http:/ / media. sfexaminer. com/ documents/ 2009-002965HNRPT. pdf), Directorate of LegalResearch for Foreign, Comparative, and International Law (2009), LL File No. 2009-002965.

[17] cable 09TEGUCIGALPA645, TFHO1: OPEN AND SHUT: THE CASE OF THE HONDURAN COUP (http:/ / www. wikileaks. ch/ cable/2009/ 07/ 09TEGUCIGALPA645. html). wikileaks.ch (24 July 2009).

[18] Constitution of Honduras English Translation (http:/ / www. honduras. com/ honduras-constitution-english. html). Article 102.honduras.com

[19] Dan Oancea (January 2009), Mining in Central America (http:/ / magazine. mining. com/ Issues/ 0901/ MiningCentralAmerica. pdf).magazine.mining.com

[20] Ports in CSI CBP.gov (http:/ / www. cbp. gov/ xp/ cgov/ border_security/ international_activities/ csi/ ports_in_csi. xml)[21] http:/ / www. ecologic. org/[22] http:/ / www. ewb-usa. org/ project_search. php?country=Honduras[23][23] Annuario Pontificio, 2009.[24] Catholic Almanac (Huntington, Ind.: Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2008), pp. 31213[25] John Dart, "How many in mainline Categories vary in surveys," Christian Century, 16 June 2009, p. 13.[26][26] Associated Press, 13 June 2009, reported in several papers[27] Maria Celi Scalon and Andrew Greeley, "Catholics and Protestants in Brazil," (http:/ / www. americamagazine. org/ content/ article.

cfm?article_id=3115) America (2003-08-18) p. 14.[28] INEbase: Lista de operaciones estadsticas includas (http:/ / www. ine. es/ inebase/ index. html). Ine.es (2001-05-28). Retrieved on

2013-01-04.[29] United Nations Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics (http:/ / unstats. un. org/ unsd/ demographic/ sconcerns/ migration/

migr2. htm). Unstats.un.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.[30] U.S. Relations With Honduras (http:/ / www. state. gov/ r/ pa/ ei/ bgn/ 1922. htm). State.gov (2012-06-19). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.[31] American FactFinder (http:/ / factfinder2. census. gov/ ). Factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.[32] http:/ / victordonaire. blogspot. com/[33] http:/ / www. hectordavid. com/[34][34] Acuerdo No. 429, 14 de mayo de 1928.

External links Government of Honduras (http:/ / www. gob. hn/ ) (Spanish) Official Site of the Tourism Institute of Honduras (English) (http:/ / www. letsgohonduras. com/ ) Chief of State and Cabinet Members (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ world-leaders-1/

world-leaders-h/ honduras. html) Honduras (https:/ / www. cia. gov/ library/ publications/ the-world-factbook/ geos/ ho. html) entry at The World

Factbook Honduras (http:/ / ucblibraries. colorado. edu/ govpubs/ for/ honduras. htm) at University of Colorado at Boulder

Libraries GovPubs Honduras (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Regional/ Central_America/ Honduras) at DMOZ Honduras profile (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ americas/ country_profiles/ 1225416. stm) from the BBC News Wikimedia Atlas of Honduras Honduran Biodiversity Database (http:/ / www. hondurassilvestre. com/ ) (Spanish) Honduras Tips Travel Info (English) (http:/ / www. hondurastips. honduras. com/ ) Honduras Weekly (http:/ / hondurasweekly. com/ ) Travel and Tourism Info on Honduras (English) (http:/ / www. honduras. com/ ) Humanitarian Aid in Honduras (http:/ / www. missionlazarus. org/ ) Answers.com (http:/ / www. answers. com/ topic/ honduras) Project Honduras (http:/ / www. projecthonduras. org/ ) Interactive Maps Honduras (http:/ / www. infohn. com/ ) Key Development Forecasts for Honduras (http:/ / www. ifs. du. edu/ ifs/ frm_CountryProfile.

aspx?Country=HN) from International Futures

Article Sources and Contributors 18

Article Sources and ContributorsHonduras Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=604354981 Contributors: -- April, 1292simon, 1999, 1exec1, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, 2D, 334a, 5 albert square, 888 terrorist 888,95warrior07, A Werewolf, A.h. king, ABF, ARC Gritt, AVX, AVand, Abcd2357, Abce2, Academic Challenger, Acather96, Achangeisasgoodasa, Acroterion, AdRock, Adashiel, Add92,Addicted04, Addshore, Adjwilley, Adrian, Aeortiz, Aeusoes1, AfC, Aff123a, Agrofe, Ahoerstemeier, Airconswitch, Aitias, Akanemoto, Alan McBrazil Burger, Alansohn, Alarikoeloko17,AlefZet, AlexCovarrubias, Alexf, AlexiusHoratius, Alfayomega, Alfiboy, Ali, All Worlds, Allbertos, Alondras14, Alrasheedan, Altazargh, Altes, Alxpar30, Amakuru, Amaury, Ammon86,Anaxial, Anders Feder, Andrea105, Andreasmperu, Andrechan, Angelo De La Paz, Angr, Anna Roy, AnonGuy, Antandrus, Antoniogl, Arbor to SJ, Arctic.gnome, ArielGold, Aris Katsaris,Aritate, Art LaPella, Artemis3, Arthena, ArzelaAscoli, Attarparn, AtticusX, Attilios, AuburnPilot, Auntof6, AusJeb, Avala, Avenged Eightfold, Avono, Avs5221, AxelBoldt, AxelDC, B cubed,Babbage, Bachrach44, Badgernet, Baldoki, Barneca, Bassbonerocks, Bazonka, Beastlyman42, Beaumont, Beepsie, Beland, Belovedfreak, Ben Ben, Ben Moore, Bencherlite, Bender235,Besieged, Bestboxer, Beta500, Betancourtomnisciente, Bgpaulus, Bidabadi, Bihco, Bility, Biohazard930, Bird7500, Biruitorul, Bishop^, Bkanuka, Bkwillwm, Blackout966, Blessthishouse,Blindc1rca, Blondeguynative, Bluezy, Bobblewik, Bobby122, Bobby327, Bobo192, Boing! said Zebedee, Boner157, Bono983, BorgQueen, Boud, Bourguinon, Brammen, Brandmeister,Brbigam, Brian the Editor, BritishWatcher, Brusegadi, Buaidh, Bully25, Burntsauce, C.Kent87, CELx2, CJLL Wright, CRJ200flyer, Cacophony, Cactus.man, Caerwine, Cajunfleur, Caltas,Calvin 1998, CambridgeBayWeather, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Cantus, Caoslinger, Caponer, Capricorn42, CardinalDan, Carl vercetti, CarlKenner, Carolmooredc, Carv504, Casey1817,Catgut, Cathar11, Catrachosoy, Catracity, Cdanek, Cesar abdul, Cflm001, Chamberlain2007, Charvaka Muni, Cheeesemonger, Chmac, Cholmes75, Chris huh, Chrismartin76, Christratocaster,Chucklespuz123, Chun-hian, Chupu, Chzz, CiTrusD, CieloEstrellado, Citx, Civil Engineer III, Claire.Edelman, Closedmouth, Cnwilliams, Comayagua99, CommonsDelinker, Conversion script,Copperchair, Coreyb42, Corpx, Corticopia, Corvus cornix, Corvus13, Courcelles, Craigy144, Crash Underride, Credema, Crisspy, Crlemus, Cromwellt, CsDix, Cscott32100, Cst17, Curps,Cyanolinguophile, Cynical, Czissis, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DFS454, DGG, DRTllbrg, DVD R W, DaCreEoLeZFiNeST, Dakotaweaver, Damicatz, DandyDan2007, Danger, DanielVonEhren,Daniellean, Danma689, Danntm, Danny, Darenwithoner, Dark Mage, DarkFalls, DarkKunai, Darth Panda, David Kernow, David Trumbull, Davidjk, Dazzsa, Dbk2b, Dcandeto, Dcljr, Deb,Decaalv, Deflective, Dejo, Dekimasu, Dennis Brown, Dentren, Deor, Der Golem, DerHexer, Descendall, Dewbe lover, Dewritech, Dfcc007, Dhart8, Dianahdez, Diannaa, Discospinster, Distal24,DivineIntervention, Divingdoc36, Dlohcierekim, Dmol, Dnkrumah, Docu, Dogface, Don4of4, Doniago, Download, Dr pda, Dragana666, Drbug, Dreadstar, Drew1914, Drmies, Dryazan,Dsavi.x4, DulcetTone, Dungodung, Dybeck, Dycedarg, Dysepsion, Dysmorodrepanis, DRahier, E Pluribus Anthony, E2eamon, ERcheck, ESkog, Easytoplease, Ed Poor, EdBever, Edderso,Edeans, Edgar181, Editor652, Editorofthewiki, Edivorce, Eduardoferreira, Egern, Eightofnine, Ektar, El C, El Rojo, Electionworld, Elisevil, Elockid, ElockidAlternate, Elwikipedista, Ember ofLight, Emhoo, EncycloPetey, EngagedReferee, Enti342, EoGuy, Epbr123, Eprose819, Erebus Morgaine, Eric119, Erik9, Eu.stefan, EugeneZelenko, Ewaldosoft, Favonian, Felixaguilar, Fernirm,FiP, Fieldday-sunday, Finphish, Flatterworld, FlavrSavr, Flewis, Flibbert, Floft, Foregone conclusion, FranciscoAlvarado, Franciscojavierm, FrancoGG, Freako, FreeKnowledgeCreator,Frenzie23, Frfifa, Friday, Frietjes, GT5162, 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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Flag of Honduras.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Honduras.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: D1990, Denelson83, ECanalla, Feydey, Fred J,Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Mattes, Matthew hk, Neq00, Oak27, Pumbaa80, Rocket000, RubiksMaster110, SKopp, ThomasPusch, Tocino, Vzb83, Yuval Madar, ZooFari, Zscout370, 10anonymous editsFile:Coat of arms of Honduras.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: El goraFile:Honduras (orthographic projection).svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honduras_(orthographic_projection).svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Contributors: Mexico_(orthographic_projection).svg: Ssolbergj derivative work: Addicted04 (talk)File:Increase2.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Increase2.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Sarang

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file:speakerlink-new.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Speakerlink-new.svg License: Creative Commons Zero Contributors: User:KelvinsongFile:CPN ST B 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CPN_ST_B_01.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Talk2winikFile:Exterior Fuerte de Omoa Honduras.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Exterior_Fuerte_de_Omoa_Honduras.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0Contributors: Dennis GarciaFile:Roatan West End 95 we 006.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0Unported Contributors: User:Editor at Large, User:SamoanoFile:Honduras rel 1985.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honduras_rel_1985.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: US CIA (archived by UT Library)File:MontanasdelaSierradeAgalta Honduras.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MontanasdelaSierradeAgalta_Honduras.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution3.0 Contributors: Dennis GarciaFile:Pro-Micheletti demonstrators.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pro-Micheletti_demonstrators.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0Contributors: Javier Maradiaga MelaraFile:Zelaya en Brasil Agosto 2009.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Zelaya_en_Brasil_Agosto_2009.jpg License: Agncia Brasil Contributors: Lairor, Nicoli Maege,Rec79File:Roberto micheletti 01.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Roberto_micheletti_01.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: AldoMichelettiFile:HondurasDivisions.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HondurasDivisions.png License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Keith EdkinsFile:SanPedroSula.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SanPedroSula.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Infrogmation, JuaniriasFile:Sky Tower Tegucigalpa.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sky_Tower_Tegucigalpa.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:User:JaetguzFile:Carretera37.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carretera37.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Smorales86Image:OscarKardinalRodriguez.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:OscarKardinalRodriguez.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:Gabriele MerkFile:Wilson Palacios Spurs 2009.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wilson_Palacios_Spurs_2009.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Nickfrom Bristol, UKFile:CatedraldeComayagua.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CatedraldeComayagua.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Contributors: J.BetancourtFile:Saw dust carpet Comayagua Honduras (1).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Saw_dust_carpet_Comayagua_Honduras_(1).jpg License: Creative CommonsAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: LeRocFile:Ara macao - two at Lowry Park Zoo.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ara_macao_-_two_at_Lowry_Park_Zoo.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0Contributors: Matthew RomackFile:Gnome-globe.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gnome-globe.svg License: GNU Lesser General Public License Contributors: David Vignoni

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