Hon’able Members of Standing Committee on Energy
44
Hon’able Members of Hon’able Members of Standing Committee on Standing Committee on Energy Energy WELCOMES WELCOMES POWER GRID CORP. OF INDIA POWER GRID CORP. OF INDIA LTD. LTD.
description
POWER GRID CORP. OF INDIA LTD. WELCOMES. Hon’able Members of Standing Committee on Energy. An Analogy – Power System & Human Body. RLDC::Brain. Generation :: Heart. USER. Voltage :: BP. Frequency:: Heart beat. Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries. Transmission :: Main Arteries. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Hon’able Members of Standing Committee on Energy
Hon’able Members of Hon’able Members of Standing Committee on Energy Standing Committee on Energy
WELCOMESWELCOMES
POWER GRID CORP. OF INDIA LTD.POWER GRID CORP. OF INDIA LTD.
Generation :: HeartRLDC::Brain
Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries
Transmission :: Main ArteriesDistribution :: Capillaries
An Analogy – Power System & Human An Analogy – Power System & Human BodyBodyAn Analogy – Power System & Human An Analogy – Power System & Human BodyBody
USER
Voltage :: BPFrequency:: Heart beat
POWERGRID
Establishment and operation of Regional and National Power Grids to facilitate transfer of power within and across the Regions with reliability, security and economy on sound commercial principles
MISSION
POWERGRID -An Overview
A neutral transmission service provider.
Started Commercial Operations from 1992-93.
Wheels 45,000 MW i.e. more than 40% of the power
generated.
Operates and Maintains
50,000 circuit kms of EHV transmission System
82 nos of EHVAC & HVDC sub-stations
With System Availability over 99.5%.
Efforts made by POWERGRID to Stabilize and Commercialize
Power Sector
• Establishment of National Grid
• Modernisation of RLDCs
• Introduction of Availability Based Tariff Mechanism to both Generators and Consumers
• Manning of RLDCs by Senior Level Personnel
• Introduction of “Open Access”
Need for Strong National Grid
• Generation resources in pockets and remote
• Load Centres dispersed and distant• Multiple Loops and Rings desirable to ensure
– Safety, Security and Reliability
• Demand fluctuations on daily/ seasonal variation
• Economy of Operations
• Reduction in generation reserves
Formation of National Grid
• Present Capacity 9,000 MW
• Future Capacity –30,000MW by 2012
• Investment Required by 2012 :Rs. 71,000 Crores
• By POWERGRID :Rs. 51,000 Crore
• By Pvt. Investors :Rs.20,000 Crores– This investment will also take care evacuation of Central
Sector Share of generation planned till 2012.
– Creation of National Grid of 30,000 MW Capacity will lead to reduction in Capacity addition of 13,000MW i.e. saving of Rs. 50,000 Crore in investments besides fuel cost saving.
………a continuous process
Derived economics of National Grid • Merit Order
– Pit head stations PLF increased– Costly Generation - Boxed up /reduced– Exchange of 18,500 MUs in 2003-04 equivalent to
Generating Station of 3000 MW Capacity– Estimated National Saving
– Rs. 12,000 Crores in fresh investments– Rs. 1,850 Crores in fuel cost – Additional Saving in Fuel Transportation
• Expected exchanges in 2004-2005: 22,000 MUs• Hydro plant usage– a paradigm shift • Importance of Pumped Storage Plants achieved• Harnessing of the diversity in occurrence of the Peak Demand
amongst Regions , thus peak load flattened
Inter-Regional Exchanges
10151756
5888
11539
18478
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2003-04
Year
IR E
xcha
nges
(in
MU
) -->
Modernisation of RLDC/SLDCs by POWERGRID
Region Taken Over from CEA
ULDC Commissioning
Southern 01.01.1994 01.07.2002
Northern 01.01.1996 01.08.2002
North-Eastern 01.01.1995 01.08.2003
Eastern 01.01.1995 June 2005*
Western 01.01.1996 March 2006*
* Scheduled Target
Unified Approach - Features - Hierarchical
State of Art Load Despatch Centres at Regional and State/Area Level.
RTU RTU RTU
SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC
SLDC SLDC SLDC
ERLDC
WRLDC SRLDC NRLDC
NERLDC
NLDC
23 Nos.
51 Nos.
1160 Nos.
Grid Operation Hierarchy
Plant/Sub Station Level
Group of Distt. Level
State HQ Level
Region Level
National Level
5 Nos.
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF (ABT)
Spearheaded by POWERGRID Features:Unique commercial mechanism linked with
frequencyFixed Charges i.e. Capacity charges
As per Plant Availability.Variable Charges i.e. Energy charges
As per Schedule.
Unscheduled Interchange(UI) i.e. deviations from schedule ( Schedule – Actual)
Price as per prevailing system frequency
Typical Schedule & Drawal
• Achievements– Implemented between July 2002 and Nov.’2003 – Improved quality of supply.– Unutilised capacity harnessed-Pumped Storage– Merit order Operation.– Grid discipline – Emphasis on load forecasting– Discourage overdrawals during low frequency – Facilitate bi-lateral trading
– Maximisation of generation availability
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
Grid Status – Before formation of National Grid, Modernisation of RLDCs and
introduction of ABT• Large Frequency fluctuations
48.0Hz to 52 Hz. • Low Voltages
400kV going down upto 300kV• Frequent Grid Disturbances• Sub-Optimal Operation• High Technical loss Grid Operation on fire fighting instead of
Optimisation & Economy
Open Access in inter-State Transmission• Guidelines formulated by POWERGRID in consultation
with CERC and implemented w.e.f. May’2004• Non- discriminatory / Transparent Process• Freedom to buy/sell power• Efficient Market Mechanism to address supply / demand
mismatches• Encourage investment in Transmission
• Overwhelming response –– More than 200 additional transactions effected from
May’04 till Aug.’04 – 5300 MUs transacted through Open Access besides
unscheduled interchanges
• Short Term Open Access– (upto 1 year usage)– Trading of surpluses
– Subject to
• inherent design margins,
• margin available due to variation in power flow,
• in-built spare capacity available
– Economically priced ( ¼ th of long term transmission charges)
– Reliable settlement system
• Long Term Open Access– ( >25 year usage) – Subject to System Studies and transmission planning
criteria for augmentation/ new transmission Schemes
– Higher Priority over Short Term Open Access
MARKET DESIGN
Market Design…
• UI – Spot Market– Unscheduled exchanges with the pool.– No trader involved– Price linked to system frequency which is displayed on the users
screen– Robust settlement system– No vested interest of POWERGRID
Trading
• Long / Short term directly or through trader under bilateral contracts.
• Spot trading through UI.
International Practices in Grid Operation
• Two Models
– TSO (Transmission System Operator)
• responsible for Transmission and System development and Operation.
• Being practiced in U.K., South Africa,France, Malaysia, Korea & other European countries
– ISO (Independent System Operator)
• Being practiced in USA, Germany, Spain on co-operative approach
– Transmission with multiple agencies
– USA now shifting towards TSO
– Canada mix of TSO & ISO
– China : TSO + Generation
CHALLENGES• Right of Way becoming increasingly difficult on account of
– Forest Clearance– Tree Cutting– Reduction of Land ValueBeing addressed as under:– Design of Compact Tower & Tall Towers as per need– Uprating & Upgrading of existing Transmission lines through
• Use of High Temperature Conductors• Use of Series Capacitors with/without Thyristor Control• Conversion from low voltage to high voltage
• Law & Order– J&K,NER, Telangana, Bihar
• Demand Supply Gap- threatens the Grid Stability• Private sector investment• Time consuming process for project approval
Few Suggestions ……………………… to rejuvenate Power Sector.?
• Institution Building• Network expansion
– Transmission– Sub. Transmission– Distribution
• Augmentation of Load Despatch & Communication in distribution leading to – Transparency and Trust Building at all levels
• Distributed Generation• Introduction of Intra-State ABT• Open Access in Intra State Transmission & Distribution• Flattening of Load Curve leading to
– Economic power supply to agriculture in odd hours
• Creation of robust uniform market mechanism
POWERGRID, INDIAPOWERGRID, INDIA
MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994
0
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----
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-00
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-02
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-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
YEAR ->
MAJOR MINOR
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE
RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC
DEEP VALLEY
DEEP VALLEY
SHARP
PEAK
Frequency Profile of SR
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
51.5
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HOUR ---->
FR
EQ
UEN
CY IN
HZ ---
->
2003
2002
NEXT
Frequency Profile of ER
FREQUENCY CURVE
6th June02
6th June03
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51.00
52.00
53.00
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Time (Hrs.)
Frq
e (H
z.)
765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM
THE POWER ‘HIGHWAY’
CHEAP HYDRO POWER FROM THE NORTH-EAST AND PIT
HEAD THERMAL POWER FROM THE EAST ENTERS THE RING
AND EXITS TO POWER STARVED REGIONS
Utility 2002-03
% PLF
2003-04
% PLF
% increase
DVC 39 44 12
Orissa 64 75 17
WBPDCL 55 56 2
CESC 68 72 5
DPL 40 56 41
NTPC 68 76 12
Region 52 56 8
Generation PLF (Thermal) ER
MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP-SR
POWER STATION STATECAPACITY(M
W) FUELVARIABLE
COST
TATA DIESEL KARNATAKA 79 DIESEL 308
RAYALSEEMA DGPP KARNATAKA 27 DIESEL 360
YELEHANKA DIESEL KARNATAKA 128 DIESEL 314
THANRBHAVI KARNATAKA 220 NAPTHA 325
SUB-TOTAL 454
BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 DIESEL 275
BSES KERALA 157 NAPTHA 308
KASARGODE PCL KERALA 22 NAPTHA 298
KAYAMKULAM KERALA 360 NAPTHA 322
SUB-TOTAL 646
BASIN BRIDGE TAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA 584
P.P.NALLUR TAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA 415
SUB-TOTAL 450
TOTAL 1550
ULDC-THE EYES AND EARS OF THE SYSTEM OPERATOR
• All constituents get the same data in real time.– Transparency & Synergy in operation.
• Quantum leap in visibility to operator.– Increased confidence & Focus on security and
economy.• Premptive, dynamic “early warning” systems.• Grid less vulnerable to disturbances.• Accurate and easy analysis of grid incidents • Faster restoration after perturbation• Comprehensive energy management system functions.
– Contingency evaluation, Security assessment and State Estimation
0
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48.9 49 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7 50.8 50.9 51
Frequency ----------->
UI ra
te
-----
------
------
>
Below 49.0 Hz UI rate =570 p/u
At 50.0 Hz UI rate =150 p/u
At 49.8 Hz UI rate =210 p/u
Above 50.5 Hz UI rate =0 p/u
UI RATE
Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/InjectionFrequency (Hz) Rate (p/u)
Above 50.5 0
50.0 150
49.8 210
49.0 and below 570
KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION
-300
-200
-100
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5000:
001:
002:
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:00
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00
TIME ---->
IN M
W --
-->
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
FREQ
UENC
Y IN
HZ
---->
GENERATOR MODE
PUMP PUMP
SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY
INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED
68 72 76 88 92 9680 84
S S
W W
NN
EE
NE
L
GEO POLITICAL
POWER REGIONS
B’DESH-
SRI
NEPALBHUTAN
INDIAINDIA
J&K
HP
PUNJAB
HARIANA
RAJASTHANUP
MP
BIHAR
ORISSA
WBGUJARAT
MAHARASHTRA
KARNATAKA
TAMIL
NADU
AP
ASSAM
MNP
MIZTRP
NG
ME
LAKSHADWEEP
A&N
MYANMAR
SKM
PONDICHERY
DELHI
GOA
DIU
DAMAN
NER NER
LANKA
JKND
CTGR
NER
peak 5:30 pm
ERPeak 6:00 pmWR
Peak 6:45 pm
Diversity of peaks
Schedule Vs Actual Injection at NYL TS II ST 2
NEXT
620
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TIME BLOCK --->
IN M
W -
-->
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y I
N H
Z
--->
SCHEDULE DRAWAL FREQUENCY
NEYVELI - II STAGE 2NEYVELI - II STAGE 2
2-Sep-04SCHEDULE Vs INJECTION OF
Schedule Vs Actual Drawal by AP
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TIME BLOCK --->
IN M
W -
-->
48.80
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
50.60
50.80
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y IN
HZ
--
->
SCHEDULE DRAWAL FREQUENCY
ANDHRA PRADESHANDHRA PRADESH
2-Sep-04SCHEDULE Vs DRAWAL OF
EUROPEAN & SOUTH EUROPEAN & SOUTH AFRICAN MODELAFRICAN MODEL
G GG
D DD
T + SO
G
D
G
D
This model is followed in UK by NGC, in Norway by Statenett, in Sweden by Svenska Kraftnet, in Finland by Fingrid, in Netherland by Tennet, in Denmark by Eltral/Elkrafts and in South Africa by Eskom.
NEXT
AMERICAN MODELAMERICAN MODEL
G G G
D D D
T T
G
D
G
D
G
D
TSO SORTO
This model is followed in USA. Based on their experience, USA is now moving towards TSO model through RTO.
11,700 MW
2,650 MW5,850 MW
4,900 MW
1,200 MW3,700 MW
30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012
EASTERN REGION
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY 2012
Inter Regional Links
Present IR CapacityPresent IR Capacity= 9,000 MW= 9,000 MW
700 MW700 MW
1200MW1200MW
2000MW2000MW
700 MW700 MW
900 MW900 MW30,500 MW
16,000
32,700 MW
30,500 MW
2300
1850 MW1850 MW
1650 MW1650 MW
Next
Major inter-Regional Link
Inter-Regional Link Project Cost
(Rs. in Crores)
Commissioning Date
Approved Actual Scheduled Actual
TALCHER – KOLAR
(2000 MW) ER-SR
3865 3096 June’03 Dec.’02
RAIPUR-ROURKELA
(1000 MW) ER-WR
237 212 Dec.’03 Jan.’03
SASARAM-HVDC
(500 MW) ER-NR
671 551 Dec.’01 June’01
Technical Losses w.r.t. Voltage
• Power (P)= Voltage * Current = V*I• Losses = (Current)2 * Resistance = I2*R• Power is proportional to current, voltage remaining
constant.• To draw the same power at low voltage, one has to
draw more currente.g.; 100 MW = 400kV * 250 Amps 100 MW = 320kV * 312 AmpsLosses increases by 55% for 20%reduction in voltage. Losses doubles for about 30% reduction in voltage.
e.g. Loss reduction in SR by 1% has given an annual saving of about Rs 290 crores
INDIAN POWER SECTOR - AT A GLANCE
REGION INSTALLED CAPACITY
(MW)
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
MUs/day
PEAK DEMAND MET(MW)
NORTHERN 30,980 505 21,000
EASTERN 17,266 180 8,000
WESTERN 32,079 550 23,000
SOUTHERN 29,399 400 20,000
NORTH EAST 2,334 25 1,100
TOTAL 112,058 2,000 78,000
320
330
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350
360
370
380
390
400
410
42000
:05
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TIME IN HRS --->
VO
LT
AG
E IN
KV
---
>
REALITY BITE:
FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.
EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!
COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY
BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES
IMPROVEMENT IN VOLTAGE
