HOMOPHONYHOMOPHONY When two or more different written forms When two or more different written forms have the same pronunciation, they are have the same pronunciation, they are described as “Homophones”.described as “Homophones”.

For example: Bare – Bear,For example: Bare – Bear,

Meat – Meet, Meat – Meet, Flour – Flower, Flour – Flower, Pail – Pale, Pail – Pale, Sew – Sow. Sew – Sow.

HOMONYMYHOMONYMY Homonyms are words which have quite separate Homonyms are words which have quite separate meanings, but which have accidentally come to have meanings, but which have accidentally come to have exactly the same form.exactly the same form.The term homonym is used when one form written or The term homonym is used when one form written or spoken has two or more unrelated meanings.spoken has two or more unrelated meanings. For example:For example:

1- bank= (of a river)1- bank= (of a river) bank= (financial institution) bank= (financial institution) 2- bat= (flying creature) 2- bat= (flying creature) bat= (used in sports) bat= (used in sports) 3- race= (contest of speed) 3- race= (contest of speed) race= (ethic group) race= (ethic group)

POLYSEMYPOLYSEMYIf a word has multiple meanings, that is called If a word has multiple meanings, that is called polysemic.polysemic.

Relatedness of meaning accompanying Relatedness of meaning accompanying identical form is technically known as identical form is technically known as polysemy.polysemy.

For example: The word “head” used to refer to For example: The word “head” used to refer to the object on the top of our body, on top of a the object on the top of our body, on top of a glass of beer, on top of a company or glass of beer, on top of a company or department.department.

Another word “foot” have multiple meanings Another word “foot” have multiple meanings such as foot of a person, of bed, of mountain such as foot of a person, of bed, of mountain etc.etc.

MENTONYMYMENTONYMY

There is another type of relationship There is another type of relationship between words based simply on ca close between words based simply on ca close connection in everyday experience. That connection in everyday experience. That close connection can be based on a close connection can be based on a container- contents relation (bottle- coke; container- contents relation (bottle- coke; can- juice), a whole- part relation (car- can- juice), a whole- part relation (car- wheels; house- roof) or a representative- wheels; house- roof) or a representative- symbol relationship (king- crown; The symbol relationship (king- crown; The President- The White House).President- The White House).

COLLOCATIONCOLLOCATION

Frequently occurring together is known as Frequently occurring together is known as collocation. Words tend to occur with other collocation. Words tend to occur with other words.words.

For example: If you ask a thousand people what For example: If you ask a thousand people what they think when you say ‘hammer’, more than they think when you say ‘hammer’, more than half will say ‘nail’, if you say ‘table’ they will half will say ‘nail’, if you say ‘table’ they will mostly say ‘chair’ and for ‘butter- bread, for mostly say ‘chair’ and for ‘butter- bread, for needle- thread, for salt- pepper.needle- thread, for salt- pepper.

Some collocations are joined pairs of words Some collocations are joined pairs of words such as salt and pepper or husband and wife.such as salt and pepper or husband and wife.