Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.
-
Upload
abner-mccormick -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.
![Page 1: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Homeostasis & Transport
Homeostasis & Transport
![Page 2: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis
Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis
![Page 3: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
HomeostasisHomeostasis
Homeostasis: the biological balance between a cell or an organism and its environment Cells maintain
homeostasis by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell.
Homeostasis: the biological balance between a cell or an organism and its environment Cells maintain
homeostasis by controlling and regulating what gets into and out of the cell.
![Page 4: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Passive TransportPassive Transport
Passive Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Gated Channel
Passive Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Gated Channel
![Page 5: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DiffusionDiffusion
Diffusion: the process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion: the process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration
![Page 6: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Diffusion
Diffusion
![Page 7: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brownian
Motion
Brownian
Motion
Brownian Motion: molecules are in a constant state of random motion
Brownian Motion: molecules are in a constant state of random motion
![Page 8: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
BrownianMotion
BrownianMotion
![Page 9: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Concentration GradientConcentration Gradient
Concentration Gradient: the difference in concentration of a substance across a space
Concentration Gradient: the difference in concentration of a substance across a space
![Page 10: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dynamic EquilibriumDynamic Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium: a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Dynamic Equilibrium: a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
![Page 11: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dynamic EquilibriumDynamic
Equilibrium
![Page 12: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
![Page 13: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Diffusion Across Membranes
Diffusion Across Membranes
Not all molecules can diffuse through all membranes.
The ability of a molecule to pass through a membrane depends on the size and type of molecule and the molecular structure of the membrane.
Not all molecules can diffuse through all membranes.
The ability of a molecule to pass through a membrane depends on the size and type of molecule and the molecular structure of the membrane.
Small nonpolar molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane
![Page 14: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OsmosisOsmosis
Osmosis: the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Osmosis: the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
![Page 15: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
OsmosisOsmosis
![Page 16: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
90% H2O10% solute
90% H2O10% solute
90% H2O10% solute
90% H2O10% solute
85% H2O15% solute
95% H2O5% solute
Isotonic(no net movement
of water)
Hypotonic Hypertonic
![Page 17: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
Plant Cells
![Page 18: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
Animal Cells
![Page 19: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of SolutionsHypotonic solution
(a) Animal cell
(b) Plant cell
H2O
Cytolysis
H2O
Turgid (normal)
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Normal
Isotonic solution
Flaccid
H2O
H2O
Shriveled
Plasmolysis
Hypertonic solution
![Page 20: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Three Types of SolutionsThree Types of Solutions
![Page 21: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Contractile VacuolesContractile Vacuoles
Contractile Vacuole: an organelle in microorganisms that excretes water collect excess water → contract →
squeeze out water
Contractile Vacuole: an organelle in microorganisms that excretes water collect excess water → contract →
squeeze out water
![Page 22: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Study the diagram below. It represents a container that is divided by a semipermeable membrane. A different solution in its initial
state is shown on each side of the membrane.
Study the diagram below. It represents a container that is divided by a semipermeable membrane. A different solution in its initial
state is shown on each side of the membrane.
1. Describe which molecule(s) will move through the membrane and which molecule(s) will not.2. Describe the relative rates at which the molecule(s) will
move across the membrane.3. Describe in which direction the molecule(s) will move.4. Describe how long the molecule(s) will continue to move.
![Page 23: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
![Page 24: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
![Page 25: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion: a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of a membrane protein Examples: glucose, fructose, water &
ions
Facilitated Diffusion: a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of a membrane protein Examples: glucose, fructose, water &
ions
![Page 26: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
TwoTypes of Membran
e Proteins:
Channels&
Carrier Proteins
TwoTypes of Membran
e Proteins:
Channels&
Carrier Proteins
![Page 27: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FacilitatedDiffusion
FacilitatedDiffusion
![Page 28: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Aquaporins = Water Channels
Aquaporins = Water Channels
![Page 29: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Gated ChannelGated Channel
Gated Channel: a protein-lined gated passage making cell membranes permeable to certain large molecules as needed Example: neuromuscular function
Gated Channel: a protein-lined gated passage making cell membranes permeable to certain large molecules as needed Example: neuromuscular function
![Page 32: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Gated ChannelGated ChannelProtein keymade bynucleus
Protein keymade bynucleus
![Page 33: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Review of Passive Transport
Review of Passive Transport
![Page 34: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Review of Passive Transport
Review of Passive Transport
![Page 35: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Section 2: Active TransportSection 2: Active Transport
![Page 36: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Active TransportActive Transport
Active Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane with the use of energy from ATP
Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis
Active Transport: the movement of any substance across a cell membrane with the use of energy from ATP
Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis
![Page 37: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sodium-Potassium PumpSodium-Potassium Pump
Sodium-Potassium Pump: an active transport mechanism that moves ions in order to achieve polarization
Sodium-Potassium Pump: an active transport mechanism that moves ions in order to achieve polarization
![Page 38: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Proton PumpProton Pump
Proton Pump: an active transport mechanism that consumes ATP (energy) to force Hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient
Proton Pump: an active transport mechanism that consumes ATP (energy) to force Hydrogen ions against the concentration gradient
![Page 41: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Proton PumpProton Pump
![Page 42: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Proton Pump & Cotransport
Proton Pump & Cotransport
![Page 43: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
EndocytosisEndocytosis
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell engulfs and surrounds large substances
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell engulfs and surrounds large substances
![Page 44: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
![Page 45: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PinocytosisPinocytosis
![Page 46: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Receptor-Mediated
Endocytosis
Receptor-Mediated
Endocytosis
![Page 47: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ExocytosisExocytosis
Exocytosis: the process by which wastes are packaged in vesicles and leave the cell
Exocytosis: the process by which wastes are packaged in vesicles and leave the cell
![Page 48: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ExocytosisExocytosis
![Page 49: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Passive vs. Active Transport
Passive vs. Active Transport
![Page 50: Homeostasis & Transport. Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649ea05503460f94ba3d5e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)