Homemade Bouncy Polymer.pdf

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HOMEMADE BOUNCY POLYMER

An Entry for the2009 DIVISION SCIENCE FAIR

TEAM CATEGORY

CHINKEE MAE M. ALANZALONGrade VI Jose Rizal

DAN ALFONSO VALENTIN V. SORIATRISHA KATE E. GENERAL

Grade V E. AguinaldoResearchers

Mr. MARK ANTHONY R. CUAResearch AdviserMarcela Marcelo Elementary School

Pasay City

October 2009


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

One might think that chemists are a bunch of boring scientists who wear lab

coats and look at beakers all day, but did you know that many toys you play with are

made using chemistry? Some of your favorite toys like Gak, Slime and Silly Putty

started out as chemistry experiments. In fact, some of your favorite toys may have

been invented by chemists who work for toy companies like: Crayola, Play-Doh or

Mattell.

Chemistry is the study of matter, and how different elements of matter

interact. There are many different kids of matter, which need to be described using

the concept of properties. Toys like silly putty are unique because of they have

distinct properties that are different from the properties of other types of matter.

There are two different kinds of properties, chemical properties and physical

properties.

Chemical properties are qualities that can be observed during a chemical

reaction, like when vinegar reacts with baking soda. Physical properties are qualities

that can be observed during physical change in the absence of a chemical reaction,

like the melting of an ice cube. Physical properties can be used to describe the state

of a chemical, which can be a solid, liquid or a gas. The physical and chemical

properties of Silly Putty are what make it so much fun because it is a polymer that is

stretchy and bouncy!

Scientists use properties to describe all of the unique qualities of a chemical

or a mixture of chemicals. To do this they use descriptive language, or words that

are used to describe objects. Some descriptive words used to describe a chemical

might be: hot, cold, squishy, hard, soft, crystalline, granular, smooth, liquid, clear,


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opaque, and runny. There are many different qualities to be described. You just need

to find the right words to use.

The unique physical and chemical properties of a polymer or mixture can be

changed by the amount of each different ingredient used to make them. Sometimes

the amount of one ingredient compared to the amount of another ingredient can

make a big difference. This is called a ratio, and a ratio can be useful to know how

much of each ingredient to add to your mixture so you will end up with a mixture that

has desirable properties.

RATIONALE

Balls have been toys practically forever, but the bouncing ball is a more recent

innovation. Bouncing balls were originally made from natural rubber, though now

bouncing balls can be made of plastics and other polymers.

In this researcher, the bouncing ball is made from a polymer. Polymers are

molecules made up of repeating chemical units.

The researchers will change the ratio of two basic ingredients in homemade

Silly Putty. They will describe the physical properties of each different mixture using

a data table. Then they will choose the ratio of ingredients to create the best putty

product.

The use of bouncing polymer in science education provides number of

advantages. One can use it to describe the chemical and physical properties of the

mixtures. It can also be used to describe potential and kinetic energy. It can also

demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy and Newtons Third Law of Motion

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The researcher would like to find out which is the best ratio of the two basic

ingredients in homemade Silly Putty that would produce better and higher bounce.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this research project is to come up with the best silly

putty product. Specifically, it attempts to answer the following objectives:

1. To evaluate the physical properties of the polymer balls;

2. To describe the product of the different ratio of ingredients; and

3. To determine the height of the bounce of the polymer balls.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main problem of the study is coming up with the best silly putty product

based on various ratios of ingredients. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the

following questions:

1. Would it be possible to make a homemade bouncy polymer from a simple

polymer found in white PVA glue and corn starch?

2. Which of the following ratio will produce the best homemade bouncy polymer?

3. What would be the effect of the varying ratio of the ingredients on the physical

characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymer?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Science is fun. It cannot only be learned in the four corners of the classroom

but rather it can also be learned at home.

Chemistry can be a very intimidating subject that is hard for some students to

understand. This project study would like to help demonstrate some basic principles

of chemistry. Specifically, this project study will help students understand that there

is a difference between a physical change and a chemical change.

Silly putty, as well as bouncing polymer is fascinating and educational. It can

teach everyone about Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics.


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Results of the study would provide the pupils an opportunity to learn while

having fun. Likewise, this study will provide opportunity to parents to have some

quality time with their children.

The result and findings of this study would give educators an alternative way

of learning outside the classrooms. It would also encourage them to use other

sources which are readily around them in teaching Science.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The project study initiated after the researcher became interested and

amazed about silly putty. The researcher made some readings and found that there

silly putty can be possible made using readily available materials at home. There

were also some studies and experiments where polymers are used as subject

matter. With the help and guidance of the science teachers, the researcher came up

with this project study.

The researcher will try out various ratios using Elmers white glue, Borax,

water, corn starch.

They also used Zip-lock baggie, some bottles, weighing scale and graduated

cylinder.

The homemade bouncy polymers were evaluated in two ways: quantitatively,

through the mass, volume, density, height of bounce/return, length of stretch and

distance of roll, and qualitativelythrough the descriptive analysis of some observable

characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymers.

Findings of this study will be applicable only to the ratios of the materials used

and the field of study that will be tested and may not be generalized with others.


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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviews literature and studies related to the present project

study. It presents literature on chemical properties, physical properties, polymers,

and silly putty.

RELATED LITERATURE

Silly Putty, one of the most popular toys of the 20th century, was invented

accidentally. Find out what a war, an indebted advertising consultant, and a ball of

goo have in common.

One of the most important resources needed for World War II war production

was rubber. It was essential for tires (which kept the trucks moving) and boots (which

kept the soldiers moving). It was also important for gas masks, life rafts, and even

bombers. Beginning early in the war, the Japanese attacked many of the rubber-

producing countries in Asia, drastically affecting the supply route. To conserve

rubber, civilians in the United States were asked to donate old rubber tires, rubber

raincoats, rubber boots, and anything else that consisted at least in part of rubber.

Rations were placed even on gasoline to hinder people from driving their cars.

Propaganda posters instructed people in the importance of carpooling and showed

them how to care for their household rubber products so they would last the duration

of the war.

Even with this home front effort, the rubber shortage threatened war

production. The government decided to ask U.S. companies to invent a synthetic

rubber that had similar properties but that could be made with non-restricted

ingredients. In 1943, engineer James Wright was attempting to discover a synthetic


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rubber while working in General Electric's laboratory in New Haven, Conn. when he

discovered something unusual. In a test tube, Wright had combined boric acid and

silicone oil, producing an interesting gob of goo.

Wright conducted a multitude of tests on the substance and discovered it

could bounce when dropped, stretch farther than regular rubber, didn't collect mold,

and had a very high melting temperature. Unfortunately, though it was a fascinating

substance, it didn't contain the properties needed to replace rubber. Still, Wright

assumed there had to be some practical use for the interesting putty. Unable to

come up with an idea himself, Wright sent samples of the putty to scientists around

the world. However, none of them found a use for the substance either. (Rosenberg,

2009)

The term polymer comes from the Greek word poly, meaning many, and

meros meaning parts. The word parts refers to a grouping of atoms called

molecular units, known as a monomer.

POLYMERS

Polymers are special organic molecules that form very long chains. Usually

polymers make compounds that are stronger and more flexible than other

compounds. Examples of polymers are: rubber, latex, and nylon (sciencelab, 2009).

Polymer backbones are held together by covalent bonds - by atoms sharing

electrons. Other atoms, or even groups of atoms, hook onto the backbone by

covalent bonds too.

Some polymers that are called ionic polymers have ionic pendant groups.

Their backbones are still held together by covalent bonds. When it comes to

polymers, all of their backbones are held together by covalent bonds (that is, by

sharing electrons) (pslc, 2009).


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Also, by choosing the right kind of polymer, our product can be soft or hard,

flexible or stiff, or most anything we want.

Most polymers will last a long, long, long, long time. That's good - especially if

you use them to make clothes, jars, even chairs. But it's bad when polymers get

thrown away. Some polymers are easier to recycle than others. It's important to

recycle the polymers that we can, like drink bottles, so that our landfills don't get filled

up so fast.

Most polymers are safe and non-toxic. That's good. The monomers that are

used to make polymers, though, are often toxic or stinky. That means that the

companies that make polymers need to be very careful not to let the monomers get

out before they're made into polymers (pslc, 2009).

Remember that polymers are very very long chains. These long chains:

can bend and twist and get all tangled up

can stick to each other

move much slower because they're so big

The longer a polymer chain is, the more tangled up it can get. Since the

chains are harder to pull out or separate, that can make things made out of polymers

stronger.

Some polymers are more straight and stiff than others. These won't tangle up

as much, but they're strong for a different reason - stiff chains can pack together and

stick to each other.

Think of molecules as being like magnets. Some are like very weak magnets,

and some are like strong magnets. So, some can be pulled apart easily, but others

take a lot more energy to pull them apart (pslc, 2009).


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Polymers are large molecules formed by the repetitive bonding of small

molecules called monomers.

The bondings of these low molecular weight monomers produce high

molecular weight polymeric substances which have mechanical and chemical

properties suitable in the manufactures of fibers, films, protective coating, insulating

materials and more. Polymers accommodate to meet the needs of a wide variety of

uses in the world; therefore, they play an important role in the chemical industries.

Aside from synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene, there are

biological/natural polymers as well that can be found in nature. Cellulose and starch

are examples of biopolymers that are built from small sugar; while proteins are

polymers built from amino acids. The basic idea of polymer remains the same

between synthetic and biological polymers; however, synthetic polymers are much

simpler than biopolymers due to the smaller size and simpler structure of the starting

monomer. Polymer molecules may have anywhere from hundreds to thousands

monomer units incorporated into a long chain, which depends on the properties of

the polymer desired to achieve. Many simple alkenes, called vinyl monomers,

undergo polymerization (polymer-forming reactions) that made commercially

important polymers.

Polymerization involves the chemical combination of a number of identical or

similar molecules, monomers, to form a complex molecule, polymer, of high

molecular weight.

There are a whole bunch of different ways that we can describe polymers -

what they look like, how they feel, how they smell, how they act, what they sound like

when you drop them on the floor (ping! or splat!) They can be hard or soft, stiff or

bendy, strong or weak, smooth or rough, shiny or dull - and lots more!


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Scientists have come up with all kinds of ways to test polymers to answer

questions like:

How easy is it to scratch?

How much weight can a thread (or fiber, or rope) hold?

How long will it last if it's left out in the sun?

How will it act if it gets hot? Will it melt if I leave it in the car in the middle of

summer?

How much heat does it take to make it all goopy?

How fast will it dissolve in your tummy? (That one is important for pill

coatings.)

How well can I see through it?

What happens if I hit it with a hammer? (This one might sound funny, but

polymers that can take a hit with a hammer might just be good for

something like a skateboarding helmet or hockey shin pads for goalies.)

There are all kinds of instruments that scientists use to test different polymer

properties. The goal is to get numbers (data) so that one polymer can be compared

to another.

Flexible plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene are different from rigid

plastics in that they're easier to stretch (so their tensile strength is lower), but they

tend not to break. Interestingly, the ability to stretch is what keeps them from

breaking. They'll resist being stretched for a while, but if enough stress is put on a

flexible plastic, it will eventually deform. You can try this at home with a piece of a

plastic bag. If you try to stretch it, it will be very hard at first, but once you've

stretched it far enough it will give way and stretch easily. The bottom line is that


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flexible plastics may not be as strong as rigid ones, but they are a lot tougher (pslc,

2009).

Polymers are made up of many many molecules all strung together to form

really long chains (and sometimes more complicated structures, too).

Figure 2.1 This is a polymer. It's a very large molecule.

Most of the polymers we'll talk about here are linear polymers. A linear

polymer is made up of one molecule after another, hooked together in a long chain.

This chain is called the backbone.

Now, linear polymers don't have to be in a straight, rigid line. Those single

bonds between atoms in the backbone can swivel around a bit, kinda like paper clips

hooked together end-to-end.

A LINEAR polymer chain starts at the beginning and goes straight to the end.

You can take your finger and trace the curvy path from one end to the other.

To the rest of the world, "linear" means "straight and not curved" but for polymers,

linear means "straight and not branched".

A BRANCHED polymer chain has extra beginnings (branches!) along the

chain and so it has lots of ends.

No matter where you start, you can't trace the entire polymer without

backtracking.


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Different kinds of polymers: stretchy like a rubber band, tough like a football,

soft like a sweater, silky and strong like a parachute, and even polymers that are

bulletproof!! (pslc, 2009).

Kinds of Polymer

1. Natural Polymer.

Plants are made of a polymer called cellulose. This is the tough stuff that

wood and stems - and Paul's tree house! - are made from. Cellulose is also what

makes fibers like cotton and hemp that we can twist into threads and weave into

clothing. And many plants also make starch. Potatoes, corn, rice, and grains all

have a lot of starch. Starch is also a polymer.

Even though starch and cellulose are both made from the same sugar

(glucose), they act very differently (because the glucose molecules are joined

together differently). Starch will dissolve in water, but cellulose won't. So we

make food from starches and we build things and make clothing out of cellulose.

2. Plastics

I'm just guessing that everyone out there knows what plastic is. The word

plastic means pliable. Plastics are materials that can be shaped and molded easily.

Plastics become easier to mold and shape when they're hot, and they melt when

they get hot enough, so we call them thermoplastics. This name can help you tell

them apart from cross linked materials that don't melt. These materials can seem a

lot like plastics, but they're really thermosets.

So we make things out of plastic by getting it really hot until it melts and then

pouring it, stretching it, injecting it or blowing it into molded shapes, like drinking

glasses and toys. It takes a lot of energy to deform plastics into shapes, but they

stay the same shape. Until it gets hot enough, plastic cannot easily be deformed.


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Sometimes additives are added to a plastic to make it softer and more pliable. These

additives are called plasticizers.

3. Elastomer

Elastomer is a big fancy word, and all it means is "rubber". Some polymers

which are elastomers include polyisoprene or natural rubber, polybutadiene,

polyisobutylene, and polyurethanes. What makes elastomers special is the fact that

they bounce, which is to say that they can be stretched to many times their original

length, and can bounce back into their original shape without permanent deformation

(pslc, 2009).

Polymers are used to make numerous things, including clothing, plastic

containers, nonstick cookware, and bulletproof vests. Try this experiment to see how

polymers can make a toy.

If you use the scientific method, you make observations before experimenting

and forming or testing a hypothesis. You've followed a procedure to make a

bouncing ball. Now you can vary the procedure and use your observations to make

predictions about the effects of the changes.

Observations you can make and then compare as you change the

composition of the ball include the diameter of the finished ball, how sticky it is, how

long it takes to solidify into a ball, and how high it bounces. (Helmenstine, 2009).

What makes polymers so fun is that how they act depends on what kinds of

molecules they're made up of and how they're put together? The properties of

anything made out of polymers really reflect what's going on at the ultra-tiny

(molecular) level. So, things that are made of polymers look, feel, and act depending

on how their atoms and molecules are connected, as well as which ones we use to


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begin with! Some are rubbery, like a bouncy ball, some are sticky and gooey, and

some are hard and tough, like a skateboard (pslc, 2009).

Use simple chemistry to make a polymer bouncy ball with household

ingredients. The ingredients used to make this ball form a type of elastic polymer that

bounces like a store-bought super ball (ehow, 2009).

Making polymer bouncy balls is a great project for anyone with an interest in

chemistry, though kids probably get more out of the finished product than adults. Or

maybe not... they are pretty fun. You can make polymer balls yourself using common

household ingredients.

You can also purchase kits that allow you to make balls in neon and glowing

colors. The molds that come with the kits can be re-used to shape balls you make

using your own ingredients (Helmenstine, 2009).

Plastics and rubbers are made from polymers- long chains of molecules that

can be zipped together. The long tangled up polymer chains can be stretched out or

squashed up. This makes the material elastic, which is an excellent property for a

bouncy ball. We can make a bouncy ball from a simple polymer found in white PVA

glue.

Polymers are made by combining many individual units called monomers into

a single larger unit. You will be making a "bouncing ball" polymer in this experiment

by combining Elmer's white glue and 20 Mule Team borax. The monomer unit in the

bouncing ball polymer is polyvinyl acetate (from Elmer's glue).

When borax is dissolved in water, some borate ions form:

Na2B4O7 + 9H2O ----> 2 Na+ + 2H+ + 4B(OH)4-

The borate ions form bridges connecting the polyvinyl acetate chains in the

glue to one another. This is called a cross linking polymer.


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This polymer also displays hydrogen bonding. The cross linking and hydrogen

bonding produce a three-dimensional polymer with many open spaces for water to

occupy (www.files.chem.vt.edu, 2009)

Polymers are molecules made up of repeating chemical units. Glue contains

the polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVA), which cross-links to itself when reacted with

borax (Helmenstine, 2009)

PVA (polyvinyl acetate) is a polymer or long chained molecule - so too is

starch (present in the custard powder). The borax causes cross-links to develop

between the two polymers and the mixture becomes stiff. It is important to get the

correct amount of borax, too much i.e. too many cross-links, and the mixture is

brittle; too little and the mixture flows; just right and the mixture can be rolled into a

ball and bounced! Polymers (like PVA and starch) are a very important part of our

world.

The ingredients combine to make a fairly solid mixture which when rolled into

a ball, you should be able to throw and bounce! (yummyscience, 2009)

The glue is a polymer (long chain molecule) called polyvinyl acetate (PVA),

and the custard powder contains corn flour which is a starch. Starch is also a

polymer, this time made up from smaller glucose molecules. The borax acts as a

cross linking agent and binds the two polymer chains together. Too much borax

gives too many cross-links and hence a brittle substance. Too little borax means not

enough cross-links giving a weak substance that's easily pulled apart.

The ball is made of an elastic material. When it bounces the ball gets

squashed and the kinetic energy gets converted to elastic potential energy, and

some heat, plus a little sound. The ball then unsquashes and bounces back up. So

as the ball bounces there are number of energy transfers: Gravitational energy is
http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/


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transferred to kinetic as it falls. When it hits the ground the ball squashes. The kinetic

energy is transferred to elastic strain energy in the ball. As the ball unsquashes the

strain energy is converted back to kinetic energy. Some of the energy is 'lost' as

heat, sound, etc, which is why the ball doesn't bounce up to the same height it was

dropped from (planetscience, 2009).

What's Happening?

The white glue contains polyvinyl acetate, a strong and flexible polymer that

gives the ball strength. Cornstarch contains amylopectin, a polymer whose shape is

best described as "branched" - it sticks out like the branches of a tree - and gives the

ball the property of elasticity. Elasticity allows the ball to return to its original shape

after being compressed or stretched, such as hitting the floor. So instead of

splattering everywhere, the ball bounces back up. The borax is needed to help the

glue and the starch stick together. This connects the two polymers into a netlike

formation, keeping the ball from crumbling or becoming slime when it is bounced.

SUMMARY

Polymers are long-chained molecules formed by repetitive molecules called

monomers.

Polymers exist from natural to synthetic forms. They have been used in

various ways from plastics to rubbers.

Bouncy balls can be made out of glue, corn starch and borax due to its

composition, polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Polymerization causes this reaction to occur.


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DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined according to how they will be used in the

study.

Bounce is the height of the homemade polymer reached after releasing at a certain

starting point.

Glue a sticky white substance whose property is made up of polyvinyl acetate.

Elastomer is a polymer with rubbery characteristics.

Polymer is a large molecule formed by the repetitive bonding of small molecules

called monomers.

Roll is the distance traveled by the homemade bouncy polymer over a 45 angle of

inclined plane.

Silly putty is a toy that is a ball of soft, moldable, rubber-like material.

Stretch is the length of the homemade polymer to stay together before it is torn

apart.


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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discussed the materials used, the formulas to be tested,

instrument to be used, data collection and data analysis.

RESEARCH METHOD

The project study aimed to evaluate which ratio would produce the best

homemade bouncy polymer. This study will further examine the characteristics of

polymers produced from different ratio of solutions.

MATERIALS

The researcher will use some household materials readily available at home.

Warm water, Elmers white glue, corn starch, borax, Zip-lock baggie, some

bottles, weighing scale, beaker and graduated cylinder.

PROCEDURE

After gathering the necessary materials, the researcher prepared the following

solutions

They will prepare the Glue solution, which made up 30 ml of Elmers white

glue and 30 ml of water. Stir well until the glue is fully diluted and no gooey clumps

remain.

They will also prepare the Borax solution, which is up of 360 ml of warm water

and 10 ml of Borax. Stir well until no particles of Borax remain and the solution is

clear.


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Label 5 Zip-lock baggies: Polymer #1, Polymer #2, Polymer #3, Polymer #4

Polymer #5.

Combined the solutions in the Zip-lock baggies using the following ratios:

Zip-lock Baggie Borax Solution Glue Solution Corn starch

Polymer # 1 1 Tbsp 5 Tbsp 1 Tbsp





Seal the baggie, and using your fingers squish the mixture around to mix

together the ingredients. When the mixture begins to form a sticky glob, take it out of

the baggie. Start molding the ball with your hands.

DATA GATHERING

The data gathered was based from the objectives of the project study. Since

the study wanted to assess the describable characteristics of each ratio and

compare it, it dealt on some numerical data based on the mass, volume, density,

height of bounce/return, length of stretch and distance of roll.

5 trials were done for the height of bounce/return, length of stretch and

distance of roll of each homemade bouncy polymer.

The researchers will also describe the observable physical characteristics of

the products from the 5 ratios of the polymers.


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The problems encountered in the project study were noted.

DATA ANALYSIS

The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

The researcher would get the average of the height of bounce/return, length

of stretch and distance of roll, in centimeters.

Height of Bounce/Return

Trials

Polymer

1

Polymer

2

Polymer

3

Polymer

4

Polymer

51

2

3

4

5

Average

Length of Stretch

TrialsPolymer

1Polymer

2Polymer

3Polymer

4Polymer

5

1

2

3

4

5

Average

Distance of Roll

TrialsPolymer

1Polymer

2Polymer

3Polymer

4Polymer

5

1

2

3

4

5

Average


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Below is an illustration how the researcher underwent the process of the

project study.

Planning the procedure and materials needed

Gathering of materials needed

Preparing the borax solutions

Preparing the glue solution

Mixing the two solutions in a zip-lock baggie

Adding the corn starch

Squishing the solution inside the baggie

Rolling the polymer in the palm

Evaluating and assessing the product

Figure 3.1. Flowchart of the procedure


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CHAPTER 4

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Homemade bouncy polymer can be made using materials readily available at

home. It was able to produce bouncing polymer which has rubbery characteristics.

The results of this project study were shown in the preceding tables and

figures.

MASS

Based on the observation, when the result from each ratio have the following

measurement:

Polymer Mass

1 40

2 40

3 40

4 40

5 40Table 4.1 Comparison of Mass of the Polymers

Graph 4.1 Comparison of Mass of the Polymers

After mixing the Borax solution and the glue solution, together with the corn

starch, the five (5) polymer products were weighed and it was found out the mass

was the same at 40 grams.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Mass(ingrams)

1 2 3 4 5

Polymer


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VOLUME

Based on the observations, the following volumes were gathered:

Polymer Volume

1 902 85

3 80

4 78

5 75

Table 4.2 Comparison of Volume of the Polymers

Graph 4.2 Comparison of Volume of the Five Polymers

Polymer 1 has a volume of 90 ml followed by Polymer 2 with 85 ml, then

Polymer 3 with 80 ml, Polymer 4 with 78 ml and Polymer 5 with 75 ml.

DENSITY

After getting the Mass and Volume of the 5 Polymers, the following Densities

were met:

Result Density

1 0.44

2 0.47

3 0.50

4 0.51

5 0.53

Table 4.3 Comparison of Density of the Polymers

65

70

75

80

85

90

Volume(inmL)

1 2 3 4 5

Polymer


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Graph 4.3 Comparison of Density of the Five Polymers

Polymer 1 has a density of 0.44 g/ml. Polymer 2 has 0.47 g/ml. Polymer 3

has 0.50 g/ml. Polymer 4 has 0.51 g/ml and Polymer 5 has 0.53 g/ml.

HEIGHT OF BOUNCE/RETURN

Based on the observations, after the 5 Polymers were dropped, the following

data were noted:

TrialsPolymer

1Polymer

2Polymer

3Polymer

4Polymer

5

1 6 5 0 0 0

2 6 5 0 0 0

3 7 6 0 0 0

4 8 5 0 0 0

5 5 4 0 0 0Average 6.4 5 0 0 0

StandardDeviation

1.02 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 4.4 Comparison of Height of Bounce/Return of the Polymers

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

Density(ing/mL)

1 2 3 4 5

Polymer


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Graph 4.4 Comparison of Height of Bounce/Return of the Five Polymers

Polymer 1 has an average bounce/return height of 6.4 while Polymer 2 has an

average bounce/return height of 5.0 cm., after being release at a starting position of

77 cm. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 did not bounce at all.

LENGTH OF STRETCH

The 5 Polymers were pulled to test its ability to be stretched. The following

figures were recorded:

TrialsPolymer

1Polymer

2Polymer

3Polymer

4Polymer

5

1 30 46 0 0 0

2 54 36 0 0 0

3 59 34 0 0 0

4 35 29 0 0 0

5 40 29 0 0 0Average 43.6 34.8 0 0 0

StandardDeviation

11.11 6.24 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 4.5 Comparison of the Length of Stretch of the Polymers

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

HeightofBounce(incm.)

1 2 3 4 5

Polymer


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Graph 4.5 Comparison of the Length of Stretch of the Polymers

Polymer 1 has an average stretch distance of 43.6 cm before it breaks.

Polymer 2 broke at an average stretch distance of 34.8 cm. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 was

not possible to be stretch.

DISTANCE OF ROLL

In a 45 inclined plane, each Polymer was allowed to roll. The following data

were collected:

TrialsPolymer

1Polymer

2Polymer

3Polymer

4Polymer

5

1 84 26 0 0 0

2 46 36 0 0 0

3 119 40 0 0 0

4 58 38 0 0 0

5 117 43 0 0 0Average 84.8 36.6 0 0 0

StandardDeviation

29.77 5.78 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 4.6 Comparison of the Distance of Stretch of the Polymers

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Distance(incm.)

1 2 3 4 5

Polymer


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Graph 4.6 Comparison of the Distance of Stretch of the Polymers

Polymer 1 traveled an average roll distance of 84.8 cm while Polymer 2 had

an average roll distance of 36.6. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 did not roll at all.

OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS

Polymer Characteristics

1 White in color, rubbery, easy to mold into a ball, smooth, soft

2White in color, rubbery, easy to mold into a ball but it is alsoeasily can loose its shape, smooth, soft

3 White in color, slimy, not too easy to mole into a ball

4White in color, some small formation of gooey substance can beobserve

5 White in color, watery

Table 4.7 Observable Characteristics of the Polymers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Distance(

incm.)

1 2 3 4 5

Polymer


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COST ANALYSIS

The following were the cost made in this project study.

MaterialTotal

AmountCost

Costper unit

Unitsused

Expensesfor thesetup

Glue 130 P 51.00 P 0.39 30 P 11.77

Borax 1000 42.00 0.04 10 0.42

Corn starch 200 18.50 0.09 10 0.93

Water 360 0.00 0.00 0 0.00

Zip-lock baggie 30 88.25 2.94 5 14.71

Total expenses P 27.82

Polymer products 5

Cost per Polymer product P 5.56

Table 4.8 Cost Analysis of the Research Project

The amount of each material was divided by the cost of the material to get the

cost per unit. Then the cost per unit was multiplied to the amount of units used to

enable the researchers to get the expenses based on the setup of the project study.

The total cost of the five (5) polymer products amounted to P27.82. The cost of each

polymer product was P 5.56.


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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Based on the observation, homemade bouncy polymer can be created by

mixing Borax dissolved in water, glue diluted in water and cornstarch.

The characteristics of the polymer depend on the amount or ratio of the

solution. The more glue solution is added the more elastic the polymer is while the

more Borax solution is added the more watery it is.

All the Polymers weighted the same, 40 grams. Polymer 1 has the highest

volume with 90 ml. Polymer 5 has the highest density with 0.53 g/ml.

Polymer 1 has an average bounce/return height of 6.4 cm; an average stretch

distance of 43.6 cm; and, an average roll distance of 84.8 cm.

Polymer 2 has an average bounce/return height of 5.0 cm; an average stretch

distance of 34.8 cm; and, average roll distance of 36.6.

Polymer 3, 4 and 5 did not bounce at all; was not possible to be stretch; and,

did not roll at all.

The total cost of the five (5) polymer products amounted to P27.82. The cost

of each polymer product was P 5.56.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results and findings of the project study, the following

conclusions were obtained:

1. It is possible to make a homemade bouncy polymer using PVA glue and

cornstarch with the addition of Borax dissolved in water.


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2. Polymer 1 with the ratio of 1:5:1 (Borax solution:glue solution:cornstarch)

produced the best homemade bouncy polymer. It has the highest average

bounce/return, highest average stretch distance and highest average roll

distance.

3. Varying ratio of the ingredients, Borax solution and glue solution, affect the

physical characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymer. Using less borax

will produce a 'goopier' type of ball while adding more glue for a slimier ball.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Making a homemade bouncy polymer produced a positive result. With this

basis, the researchers recommend the adaptation of this homemade bouncy polymer

on the teaching-learning process which can be used by both teachers and students

specifically in representing chemical reactions in Chemistry and demonstration of

some laws in Physics.

To further improve the project study, the researcher would also like to

recommend the following:

1. Experiment with the ratio between the amounts of glue, cornstarch, and

borax;

2. Experiment on the floor where the homemade bouncy polymer will bounce

the highest, on a wood, on a glass or on a concrete floor;

3. Experiment if temperature will affect the characteristics of the homemade

bouncy polymer;

4. Experiment if the size will affect the height of bounce/return, length of

stretch and distance of roll; and,


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5. Experiment if the homemade polymer can be used as an alternative on

some rubber products.

Moreover, other investigators are encouraged similar project to improve the

quality and provide homemade bouncy polymer.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Helmenstine , Anne Marie, Ph.D.

http://chemistry.about.com/od/demonstrationsexperiments/ss/bounceball.htm.Retrieved on 09/04/2009 1:42:15 PM

Po, J.C. Toronto.http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3chm140/PBL/PBL4/index.html.Retrieved on 09/03/2009 2:07:05 PM]

http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6bee Retrieved on 09/10/200903:30:10 PM

http://www.ehow.com/how_4911152_make-bouncy-balls-polymers.htmlRetrieved on09/4/2009 1:46:36 PM

http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/lab/Experiments/Exp_8-Bouncing_Ball.htmlRetrieved on 09/11/2009 03:29:24 PM

http://www.hometrainingtools.com/article.asp?ai=1462&bhcd2=1252625633Retrieved on 09/11/2009 03:23:18 PM

http://www.planet-science.com/sciteach/index.html?page=/experiment/expts/custard_balls.htmlRetrieved on 09/11/2009 03:24:19 PM

http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac Retrieved on 09/04/2009 1:50:23 PM

http://www.sciencemathlabs.com/glueball.pdf Retrieved on 09/05/2009 1:15:20 PM

http://www.yummyscience.co.uk/ys_pages/ys_custard.htmlRetrieved on 09/10/2009 03:26:02 PM
http://chemistry.about.com/od/demonstrationsexperiments/ss/bounceball.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/demonstrationsexperiments/ss/bounceball.htmhttp://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3chm140/PBL/PBL4/index.htmlhttp://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3chm140/PBL/PBL4/index.htmlhttp://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3chm140/PBL/PBL4/index.htmlhttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://www.ehow.com/how_4911152_make-bouncy-balls-polymers.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_4911152_make-bouncy-balls-polymers.htmlhttp://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/lab/Experiments/Exp_8-Bouncing_Ball.htmlhttp://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/lab/Experiments/Exp_8-Bouncing_Ball.htmlhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/article.asp?ai=1462&bhcd2=1252625633http://www.hometrainingtools.com/article.asp?ai=1462&bhcd2=1252625633http://www.planet-science.com/sciteach/index.html?page=/experiment/expts/custard_balls.htmlhttp://www.planet-science.com/sciteach/index.html?page=/experiment/expts/custard_balls.htmlhttp://www.planet-science.com/sciteach/index.html?page=/experiment/expts/custard_balls.htmlhttp://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmachttp://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmachttp://www.sciencemathlabs.com/glueball.pdfhttp://www.sciencemathlabs.com/glueball.pdfhttp://www.yummyscience.co.uk/ys_pages/ys_custard.htmlhttp://www.yummyscience.co.uk/ys_pages/ys_custard.htmlhttp://www.yummyscience.co.uk/ys_pages/ys_custard.htmlhttp://www.sciencemathlabs.com/glueball.pdfhttp://www.pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmachttp://www.planet-science.com/sciteach/index.html?page=/experiment/expts/custard_balls.htmlhttp://www.planet-science.com/sciteach/index.html?page=/experiment/expts/custard_balls.htmlhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/article.asp?ai=1462&bhcd2=1252625633http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/lab/Experiments/Exp_8-Bouncing_Ball.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how_4911152_make-bouncy-balls-polymers.htmlhttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=222&content_id=CTP_003306&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=c9cce327-6b0d-4e56-8f47-e4fb421f6beehttp://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3chm140/PBL/PBL4/index.htmlhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/demonstrationsexperiments/ss/bounceball.htm


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APPENDICES

Appendix A Formula Used in the Project Study ............................. 33

Appendix B Materials Used .......................................................... 34

Appendix B Procedures ................................................................ 35


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APPENDIX A

FORMULA USED IN THE PROJECT STUDY

Finding the Mean:

__

X = X / N

_Where: X = Mean

X = Sum of scoresN = no. of cases

Finding the Standard Deviation:

SD =

Where: SD = Standard deviation

= Squared deviation from the meann = no. of cases


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APPENDIX B

MATERIALS


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APPENDIX C

PROCEDURES


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