HOMELESSNESS, RACISM, and SOCIAL JUSTICE
Transcript of HOMELESSNESS, RACISM, and SOCIAL JUSTICE
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HOMELESSNESS, RACISM, and SOCIAL JUSTICE
Jeff OlivetJuly 2015
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HOMELESSNESS IS NOT JUST ABOUT...
HousingHealthcareServices
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HOMELESSNESS IS ALSO ABOUT...
InjusticeOppressionRacism
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It is an issue of
Justice, Equality, and What is Right
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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WHERE I GREW UP.
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PROGRESS? MOVING BACKWARDS?
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The Facts about Homelessness and Race
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POVERTY
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(Hopper, 1995)
“We should reintegrate discussions of homelessness with those of persistent poverty. And in these discussions, the issue of race is unavoidable.”
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(Urban Institute, 2013)
Racial Wealth/
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SHELTER USAGE
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ACCORDING TO HUD
60% of the sheltered homeless population are minorities.
Almost 40% are African American.
Minorities overall are about 1.5 times more likely to be in
the sheltered homeless population than in the total U.S
population, and African Americans are 3 times more likely.
(HUD, 2012)
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One study found that:Blacks were 16x more likely than whites to live in shelters.
AND
Black children under 5 were 29x more likely than white children to end up in shelters.
(Culhane & Metraux, 1999)
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(HUD, 2012)
Total US Population Shelter Population
White, non-Hispanic 64% White, non-Hispanic 40%
Hispanic 10.5%
Hispanic 9%
African American 12.5%
African American 38%
Other, one race 10.5% Other, one race 5.5%
Several races 2.7% Several races 7.9%
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“Since the 1980s, blacks have been overrepresented in the homeless population with respect to their share of the national populations and the poverty population.”
(Carter, 2011)
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(Carter, 2011)
National Population
Poverty Population
Homeless Population
12.8% 27% 41% total56% for families
Among African Americans...
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“The Latino Paradox”
(Gonzalez-Baker, 1996)
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RESIDENTIAL DISCRIMINATION
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“Listen here people, Listen to me.
Don’t try to find a home in
Washington DC cause it’s a
bourgeois town.”
Leadbelly “Bourgeois Blues”
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Homelessness can be seen as a symptom of structural racism.”
(Powell, 2003)
“
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Homelessness is tied to disparities in income and wealth, availability of housing and jobs, education level, and healthcare access
(Powell, 2003)
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Structural Causes
(Carter, 2011; Power, 2006)
• Poverty
• Increased demand for and decreased supply of affordable housing
• Housing discrimination & residential segregation
• Discrimination in employment and housing
• Lack of access to behavioral health care
• Racial bias in criminal justice
• White privilege
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INCARCERATION
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While people of color make up 30% of the US population,
they account for 60% of those imprisoned.
(Center for American Progress, 2012)
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1 in 3 black men can expect to go to prison in their lifetimes.
(Center for American Progress, 2012)
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The number of women incarcerated has
increased by 800% since 1980, and women of color are
3 times more likely than white women to be incarcerated.
(Center for American Progress, 2012)
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“We avoid talking about caste in our society because we are ashamed of our racial history.”
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A Historical Perspective
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Runaway slaves and free blacksAlmshousesCivil war work campsThe failure of reconstructionTramps and cowboys1927 Mississippi River flood A “permanent class of migrant workers”CriminalizationThe great migrationUrban renewal
(Johnson, 2011; Wilkerson, 2010)
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For 100 years, between 1870 and 1970, African Americans moved to the cities of the North and West.
Whites fled.
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“Social and racial inequities are geographically inscribed.”
(Powell, 2003)
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• How do racism and homelessness intersect in your community?
• What is your organization doing to fight it?
Racism in Our Communities
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• Is there racism in our programs?
• What does it look like?
• How can we change it?
Racism in Our Programs
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“Invisibility is not an accident, but a determined refusal not to see.
Dispelling invisibility...is not so much a matter of shedding light as it is one of choosing, deliberately, to look.”
(Hopper, 1996)
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What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore--
And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sags like a heavy load.
Or does it explode?
A Dream Deferredby Langston Hughes
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We must work to bend the arc of the moral universe towards justice.
(Parker/King/Obama)
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ReferencesBarry, J. M. (1998). Rising 'de: The great Mississippi flood of 1927 and how it changed America. Simon and Schuster.
Blackmon, D. A. (2009). Slavery by another name: The re-‐enslavement of black Americans from the Civil War to World War II. Anchor.
Carter III, G. R. (2011). From exclusion to desGtuGon: Race, affordable housing, and homelessness. Cityscape, 33-‐70.
Cortes, A., Leopold, J., Rothschild, L., Buron, L., Khadduri, J., & Culhane, D. P. (2011). The 2010 annual homeless assessment report to Congress.
Culhane, Dennis P. & Stephen Metraux (1999). "Assessing RelaGve Risk for Homeless Shelter Usage in New York City and Philadelphia." Popula'on Research and Policy Review 18(3): 219-‐236.
Ellio_, M., & Krivo, L. J. (1991). Structural determinants of homelessness in the United States. Soc. Probs., 38, 113.
Hopper, K. (1995). Taking the measure of homelessness: recent research on scale and race. Clearinghouse Review, Nov-‐Dec 1995: 730-‐739.
Hopper, K. (1996). Homelessness among african-‐americans: a historical and contemporary perspecGve. In Homelessness in America, ed. J. Baumohl. Oryx Press.
McKernan, S., Ratcliffe, C., Steuerle, E., & Zhang, S. (2013). Less than equal: racial dispariGes in wealth accumulaGon. Urban InsGtute.
Nunez, R. (2012, March). InsGtute for Children, Poverty, & Homelessness. Retrieved from h_p://www.icphusa.org/index.asp?page=21&news=11
Powell, J.A. (2003). Race and Homelessness [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from h_p://www.kirwanins'tute.osu.edu/presenta'ons/2003_09_29homelessness.ppt
Power, S. (2006). The Color of Homelessness: Why Persons of Color Are Overrepresented Among Emergency Shelter and Transi'onal Housing Users in King County & What the CommiVee to End Homelessness in King County Can Do To Reduce This Problem. (Unpublished dissertaGon). University of Washington, Sea_le, Washington.
Shinn, M., & Gillespie, C. (1994). The roles of housing and poverty in the origins of homelessness. American Behavioral Scien'st.
The NaGonal Center on Family Homelessness. (2009). State Report Card on Child Homelessness. Retrieved from h_p://www.homelesschildrenamerica.org/documents/rc_summary_004.pdf
Wilkerson, I. (2010). The warmth of other suns: The epic story of America's great migra'on. Random House.
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