Home and Building Automation System an Overview -...
Transcript of Home and Building Automation System an Overview -...
Home and Building Automation System – an Overview Ambient intelligence: technology and design
Fulvio Corno, Dario Bonino
Politecnico di Torino, 2013/2014
Outline
• Wired systems
– MyOpen
– KNX
– ModBus
• Wireless systems
– ZigBee
– EnOcean
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MyOpen BTICINO PROTOCOL FOR MYHOME SYSTEM
MyOpen / OpenWebNet
• MyOpen system
– Initially proposed by Bticino (Legrand group)
– Proprietary bus (SCS)
– Proprietary low-level protocol
– Simple configuration • Jumpers (can be carried by electricians)
• Software
– Accessible via OpenWebNet gateways
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OpenWebNet
• Allows external applications to communicate, monitor and control MyHome devices
• Open Specification
• Open protocol designed to work on minimal network requirements
– E.g., phone connections
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OpenWebNet
• DTMF compatible
– E.g., *1*1*12## Light 12, On
• Defines 2 types of communication sessions
– Command session • To send commands
• To ask for device states
• To require measure values
– Event session • To monitor all the bus events, asynchronously
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OpenWebNet - Messages
• Tag structure – *tag1*tag2*tag3*...*tagN##
• Tag – Allowed characters
• {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, #}
– Delimitator • *
– Message end • ##
• Content and structure changes for – Commands / State requests
– Requests of measure values
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OpenWebNet – Commands/States • 3-tag structure
– *WHO*WHAT*WHERE##
• WHO – The command/request functionality
(among a set of pre-defined values)
• WHAT – The action to perform – Possible actions are specified for each
WHO value
• WHERE – Identifies the message destination
• Single device, device groups, scenarios, zones, etc.
• WHAT and WHERE can have additional parameters – WHAT#PAR1#PAR2...#PARn – WHERE#PAR1#PAR2...#PARn
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WHO Functionality Description
0 Scenarios
1 Lighting
2 Actuators
3 Load control
4 Temperature control
5 Anti-burglar systems
6 Intercom
7 Multimedia
13 Gateway management
15 CEN commands
16 / 22 Sound diffusion
17 Scenarios for MH200N gateways
18 Energy management
25 CEN plus/ plus scenarios/ clean contacts
1001 Automation diagnostics
1004 Thermal control diagnostics
1013 Device diagnostics
OpenWebNet – Commands/States
• Switch on the lamp with id=12
– *1*1*12##
• Switch on the webcam with id=4000
– *7*0*4000##
• Switch off the temperature control for the zone 1
– *4*303*1##
• Switch off all lights
– *1*0*0##
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Idiosyncrasies / Peculiarities
• Explicit State Notion • Same format for State changes and Commands
• State change events only in monitoring sessions
• State change events only for “active devices”, buttons and switches do not generate events.
• States and commands only “defined” for “active” devices
– Buttons and switches do not have an explicit state (independent from the controlled object)
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More info
• Open community at
– http://www.myopen-legrandgroup.com/
– Free registration
• Documentation, software, discussion groups, application showcase
• Direct contact with Bticino engineers
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KNX THE EUROPEAN DE-FACTO STANDARD (ALMOST)
KNX is a standardized (EN 50090, ISO/IEC 14543), OSI-based network communications protocol for intelligent buildings. KNX is the successor to, and convergence of, three previous standards: the European Home Systems Protocol (EHS), BâtiBUS, and the European Installation Bus (EIB or Instabus). The KNX standard is administered by the KNX Association..
KNX
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• Formal merger of 3 leading systems for Home and Building Automation
– EIB
– EHS
– BatiBus
KNX
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• All devices carry a “bit” of intelligence on-board
• 2 Operating modes
– S-MODE (System Mode) • Requires centralized binding & parameterization (with ETS)
– E-MODE • Simple manipulation without PCs
• Similar to MyOpen
Basic Principles
• Based on the idea of distributed applications
• Every device carries a BIT of «intelligence» on board
• 2 Main operating modes
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S-MODE (System Mode)
E-MODE
• Requires centralized binding & parameterization (with ETS software)
• Simple manipulation without PCs
• Similar to MyOpen
Logic Architecture
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S-MODE E-MODE
CONFIGURATION
APPLICATION
LINK
Application
• Device implement “Distributed Applications”
– Based on Datapoints
• Distributed Applications = Datapoint Binding
• Datapoints:
– Represent process and control variables in the system
– May be inputs, outputs, parameters, diagnostic data,…
– Standardized Datapoint types
– Grouped into Functional Blocks
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KNX – Application (2)
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• Communication System and Protocol offer a reduced instruction set to
– Read and Write (set and get) Datapoint values
• Application semantics is mapped to
– Data format
– Bindings
• 3 binding schemes – Free
– Structured
– Tagged binding
Datapoint Addressing example
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Functional blocks: Lighting
2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 20 * Excerpt from 07_20_02 Lighting Actuators v1.4 AS – The KNX 2.0 specification
Datapoints: Lighting
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* Excerpt from 07_20_02 Lighting Actuators v1.4 AS – The KNX 2.0 specification
Datapoint specification: Blinds
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Application = Datapoints Binding
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GroupAddress
(multicast access to
a datapoint)
GroupAddress
(multicast access to
a datapoint)
Binding
KNX - Binding
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• Free binding: – No a priori prescription on which Datapoints may be linked – Free addressing – Customized multicast grouping at the level of individual
Datapoints – Central to S-Mode
• Structured binding – Precise pattern for linking a whole set of Datapoints, usually
corresponding to a Functional Block or Channel – Free-address
• E.g., Controller and Push-button Modes
• Tagged binding – … too complex …
Link - Connections
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TP 1 Twisted pair cabling
SELV network and supply system
Asynchronous character
oriented data transfer and half
duplex bi-directional
communication
Transmission rate: 9600 bit/s
CSMA/CA collision avoidance
All topologies may be used and
mixed (line, star, tree, ….)
PL 110 Communication over the mains
supply network
Spread frequency shift keying
signaling
Asynchronous transmission of data
packets and half duplex bi-
directional communication
Central frequency 110 kHZ
Transmission rate: 1200 bit/s
CSMA, compliant to EN 50065-1
RF 868,3 MHz band for Short
Range
Frequency Shift Keying,
maximum duty cycle of 1%
32768 cps (chips per second)
Manchester data encoding
KNXNet/IP Standard protocol for KNX devices
connected to an IP network
IP network as a fast backbone in
KNX installations
Tunnels KNX Frames over IP
KNX – Network technology
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• TP 1 (basic medium inherited from EIB)
– Twisted pair cabling
– SELV network and supply system
– Asynchronous character oriented data transfer and half duplex bi-directional communication
– Transmission rate: 9600 bit/s
– CSMA/CA collision avoidance
– All topologies may be used and mixed (line, star, tree, ….)
KNX – Network technology
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• PL 110
– Communication over the mains supply network
– Spread frequency shift keying signaling
– Asynchronous transmission of data packets and half duplex bi-directional communication
– Central frequency 110 kHZ
– Transmission rate:1200 bit/s
– CSMA, compliant to EN 50065-1
KNX – Network technology
• RF
– 868,3 MHz band for Short Range
– Frequency Shift Keying, maximum duty cycle of 1%
– 32768 cps (chips per second)
– Manchester data encoding
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KNX – Network technology
• KNXnet/IP
– Standard protocol for KNX devices connected to an IP network
– IP network as a fast backbone in KNX installations
– Tunnels KNX Frames over IP
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Link - Topology
• LINE
• Up to 256 devices
• Connected into Areas via a Main Line
• AREA
• Up to 16 lines per area
• Up to 16 Areas
• Connected via a Backbone Line
• Max. Number of devices
• 65536
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KNX on Stage
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Idiosyncrasies / Peculiarities
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• Implicit State Notion – Only a subset of device states can be queried
• State Events • State change events can be published by carefully configuring the KNX devices
– S-MODE – Specific group address for notifications – Pass-through gateway configuration
• All devices can publish state changes • In-operation events available
• KNXNet/IP – Tunnel mode event-based – Supports partial device discovery
• EIBNet/IP – Requires participation to a multicast delivery group:
• 239.192.39.238
Modbus ONE OF THE MOST DIFFUSED INDUSTRIAL PROTOCOLS
Modbus is a serial communications protocol originally published by Modicon (now Schneider Electric) in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Simple and robust, it has since become a de facto standard communication protocol, and it is now a commonly available means of connecting industrial electronic devices
Basic Principles
• Application layer messaging protocol (level 7 of the OSI model)
– client/server communication between devices
– different types of buses or networks
• Industry serial de facto standard since 1979
• Request/reply protocol
– Services specified by function codes
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Logic Architecture
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Modbus - Addressing
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• precise PDU addressing rules – Each data block is
addressed from 0 to 65535
– Each element within a data block is numbered from 1 to n
• pre-mapping between the MODBUS data model and the device application is totally vendor device specific
Data Model
• 4 primary tables
– up to 65536 data items, each
• Distinctions between
– inputs and outputs
– bit-addressable and word-addressable data items
• Read or write of items can span multiple consecutive data blocks
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Function codes
• Function Code
– Indicates to the server what kind of action to perform
– Is coded in one byte
– Valid codes are in the range of 1 ... 255 decimal • the range 128 – 255 is reserved and used for exception responses
– Function code "0" is not valid
– Sub-function codes are added to some function codes to define multiple actions
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Function Codes
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Request/reply protocol
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SUCCESSFUL TRANSACTION
FAILING TRANSACTION
Protocol structure
• Simple protocol data unit (PDU)
– Independent of the underlying communication layers
– Specific buses can introduce additional fields on the application data unit (ADU)
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Modbus – Data Model
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Multiple data blocks Single data block
Modbus - Transaction
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Link - Connection
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RS485 Serial cable (1 or 2 pairs)
Variable transmission speed from 9600 to 115200 baud
Modbus TCP/IP Ethernet cable (Fiber for longer distances)
Transmission speed depends on the underlying
hardware / network
Modbus – Network technology (2)
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• TCP/IP over Ethernet
• Asynchronous serial transmission over a variety of media
– wire : EIA/TIA-232-E, EIA-422, EIA/TIA-485-A
– fiber, radio, etc.
• MODBUS PLUS
– high speed token passing network
Link - Topology
• Depends on the link technology
– RS485 • serial (daisy chain)
• 1 master, many slaves (up to 255)
– Modbus TCP/IP • Multiple masters
• Multiple slaves
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Network Architecture
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Modbus on Stage
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Idiosyncrasies / Peculiarities
• Explicit State Notion – Can only be queried (read)
• No command notion – Only write operations on registers
• Client/Server approach – Does not support event-based interaction
• Polling
• No explicit device notion – Registers exposed through a Modbus Gateway – Devices identified by their slave id
• No device discovery – Available registers are defined by the vendor
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Wireless systems
A comparison (source: Z-Wave)
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ZigBee WIRELESS CONTROL THAT SIMPLY WORKS (?)
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, ZigBee devices often transmit data over longer distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network; i.e., a network with no centralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver able to reach all of the networked devices.
Basic Principles
• Low cost, very low power consumption, two way, wireless communications standard
– Built on top of IEEE 802.15.4
• Secure
– Messages are encrypted
• Defines several profiles
– Standard: Home Automation, Smart Energy, etc.
– Custom
• Each profile includes one or more ZCL (ZigBee Cluster Library) specification
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Basic principles
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ZigBee Profiles
ZigBee Cluster Libraries
Group of devices / functionalities
pertaining a given application domain, e.g.,
Home Automation (ZigBee HA), Smart
Energy (ZigBee SE), etc.
Device functionalities
described in terms of
client-server interactions
Logic Architecture
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ZDO – ZigBee Device Objects
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Assemble configuration information from
the end applications to determine and
implement discovery, security
management, network management, and
binding management.
Initialize the application support
sub-layer (APS), the network
layer (NWK),
and the Security Service
Provider.
interface
APPLICATION OBJECTS
interface
LOWER PORTIONS
OF THE ZIGBEE
PROTOCOL STACK
Application Framework
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Agreements for messages, message formats, and
processing actions that enable developers to create an
interoperable, distributed application employing
application entities that reside on separate devices. These
application profiles enable applications to send commands,
request data, and process commands and requests.
ZigBee Profiles
Clusters are identified by a cluster identifier, which is
associated with data flowing out of, or into, the device.
Cluster identifiers are unique within the scope of a
particular application profile.
ZigBee Clusters
THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH APPLICATION OBJECTS ARE HOSTED ON ZIGBEE DEVICES
Profiles
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HOME AUTOMATION This profile defines device descriptions and standard
practices for applications needed in a residential or
light commercial environment. Installation scenarios
range from a single room to an entire home up to
20,000 square feet (approximately 1850m2).
The key application domains included in this initial
version are lighting, HVAC, window shades
and security.
This profile defines device descriptions and standard
practices for Demand Response and Load
Management “Smart Energy” applications needed
in a Smart Energy based residential or light
commercial environment. Installation scenarios range
from a single home to an entire apartment complex.
The key application domains included in this initial
version are metering, pricing and demand
response and load control applications.
SMART ENERGY
The E@H features extend the HA and SE ZigBee
profiles in order to build a new class of devices, i.e.
White Goods for Energy@Home.
ENERGY@HOME
Profiles
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HOME AUTOMATION This profile defines device descriptions and standard
practices for applications needed in a residential or
light commercial environment. Installation scenarios
range from a single room to an entire home up to
20,000 square feet (approximately 1850m2).
The key application domains included in this initial
version are lighting, HVAC, window shades
and security.
This profile defines device descriptions and standard
practices for Demand Response and Load
Management “Smart Energy” applications needed
in a Smart Energy based residential or light
commercial environment. Installation scenarios range
from a single home to an entire apartment complex.
The key application domains included in this initial
version are metering, pricing and demand
response and load control applications.
SMART ENERGY
The E@H features extend the HA and SE ZigBee
profiles in order to build a new class of devices, i.e.
White Goods for Energy@Home.
ENERGY@HOME
Teaser:
Next week (Thursday, June 5th) the director of the Energy@Home consortium will present
their activities.
Profiles
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HOME AUTOMATION This profile defines device descriptions and standard
practices for applications needed in a residential or
light commercial environment. Installation scenarios
range from a single room to an entire home up to
20,000 square feet (approximately 1850m2).
The key application domains included in this initial
version are lighting, HVAC, window shades
and security.
This profile defines device descriptions and standard
practices for Demand Response and Load
Management “Smart Energy” applications needed
in a Smart Energy based residential or light
commercial environment. Installation scenarios range
from a single home to an entire apartment complex.
The key application domains included in this initial
version are metering, pricing and demand
response and load control applications.
SMART ENERGY
The E@H features extend the HA and SE ZigBee
profiles in order to build a new class of devices, i.e.
White Goods for Energy@Home.
ENERGY@HOME
Teaser:
Next week (Thursday, June 5th) the director of the Energy@Home consortium will present
their activities.
Clusters
• Cluster – Collection of attributes and commands – Defines a communications interface between two devices – Devices implement server and client sides of the interface
• Client – A cluster interface which is listed in the output cluster list of the
simple descriptor on an endpoint. – Sends commands that manipulate the attributes on the
corresponding server cluster.
• Server – A cluster interface which is listed in the input cluster list of the
simple descriptor on an endpoint. – Typically this interface supports all or most of the attributes of
the cluster.
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Cluster Definition: OnOffSwitch
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I O
Cluster Definition: OnOffOutput
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Link - Topology
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STAR TREE
MESH
• coordinator is
responsible for starting
the network and for
choosing certain key network
parameters
• the network may be
extended through the use
of ZigBee routers
• hierarchical routing
strategy
• beacon-oriented
communication
• full peer-to-peer communication
• routers in mesh networks do not
currently emit regular IEEE
802.15.4-2003 beacons
• the network is controlled by
one single device called the
ZigBee coordinator
• the ZigBee coordinator is
responsible for initiating and
maintaining the devices on
the network
EnOcean The inventor of patented energy harvesting wireless technology
First ISO/IEC wireless standard optimized for solutions with ultra-low power consumption and energy harvesting .
Approach
• EnOcean modules combine micro-energy converters with ultra low power electronics and reliable wireless communications
• (nearly) Self-powered wireless sensor solutions
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Energy?
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• And more…
• Pressure
• Rotation (wheels, gas meters)
• Vibrations
Software architecture
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Radio technology
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Transmission protocol
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Short messages: reliability
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More information
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Open standard, multiple vendors
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http://www.enocean-alliance.org/en/products/
Wanna play?
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http://www.enocean.com/en/enocean-pi/
License
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