HOLT World History World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON World War I and the...

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World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

World War I and World War I and the Russian Revolutionthe Russian Revolution

Section 1:Section 1: Setting the Stage for WarSetting the Stage for War

Section 2:Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of WarWorld War I: A New Kind of War

Section 3:Section 3: The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution

Section 4:Section 4: The Terms of PeaceThe Terms of Peace

Section 5:Section 5: Creating a “New” EuropeCreating a “New” Europe

CHAPTER 27CHAPTER 27

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Objectives:Objectives:Explain why rivalries increased among Explain why rivalries increased among

European nations.European nations.Identify the military alliances that existed at the Identify the military alliances that existed at the

beginning of World War I and explain how they beginning of World War I and explain how they changed by late 1915.changed by late 1915.

Explain why the Balkans were a “powder keg.”Explain why the Balkans were a “powder keg.”

Section 1: Section 1:

Setting the Stage for WarSetting the Stage for WarSetting the Stage for WarSetting the Stage for War

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Nationalism, Imperialism, and MilitarismNationalism, Imperialism, and MilitarismEuropeans leaders thought their goals could only Europeans leaders thought their goals could only

be achieved by forcebe achieved by force



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The System of AlliancesThe System of AlliancesThe Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, and The Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, and

Austria-HungaryAustria-HungaryThe Triple Entente – France, Russia, and The Triple Entente – France, Russia, and

Great BritainGreat Britain



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The Balkan “Powder Keg”The Balkan “Powder Keg”Provided outlet to the seaProvided outlet to the seaPan-SlavismPan-Slavism



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Mobilization of EuropeMobilization of EuropeRussia supported SerbiaRussia supported SerbiaGermany disregarded Belgian neutralityGermany disregarded Belgian neutrality



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The War ExpandsThe War ExpandsJapan joined Great Britain and FranceJapan joined Great Britain and FranceItaly signed secret treaty with Great Britain, Italy signed secret treaty with Great Britain,

France and Russia for share of spoilsFrance and Russia for share of spoilsOttoman Empire and Bulgaria joined Austria-Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined Austria-

Hungary and GermanyHungary and Germany



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the advantages that each side had in Identify the advantages that each side had in

World War I.World War I.Explain how new technology affected the way in Explain how new technology affected the way in

which World War I was fought.which World War I was fought.Explain what led the United States to join the Explain what led the United States to join the

Allied Powers.Allied Powers.


World War I: A New Kind of WarWorld War I: A New Kind of War World War I: A New Kind of WarWorld War I: A New Kind of War

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The BelligerentsThe BelligerentsCentral Powers had more rapid communications Central Powers had more rapid communications

and movement, and better armyand movement, and better armyAllied Powers had more soldiers, better industry, Allied Powers had more soldiers, better industry,

and better navyand better navy


World War I: A New Kind of WarWorld War I: A New Kind of WarWorld War I: A New Kind of WarWorld War I: A New Kind of War

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Innovations in WarfareInnovations in WarfareMachine gunMachine gunU-boatU-boatPoison gas airplanePoison gas airplaneTank Tank



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Early Years of the WarEarly Years of the WarFighting on GallipoliFighting on GallipoliNaval warfareNaval warfareThe stalemate – a war of attritionThe stalemate – a war of attrition



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The United States and World War IThe United States and World War IContrabandContrabandPropaganda about German atrocitiesPropaganda about German atrocitiesDemocratic idealsDemocratic ideals



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the events that led to the Russian Identify the events that led to the Russian

Revolution.Revolution.Explain how the Communists came to power.Explain how the Communists came to power.Explain how Russia’s revolution affected its Explain how Russia’s revolution affected its

participation in World War I.participation in World War I.


The Russian RevolutionThe Russian RevolutionThe Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution

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Russia in World War IRussia in World War IPovertyPovertySuppression of democracySuppression of democracyWeak DumaWeak Duma



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Lenin and the BolsheviksLenin and the BolsheviksAppealed to the poor Russian massesAppealed to the poor Russian massesFormed basis of communismFormed basis of communism



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Peace and Civil WarPeace and Civil WarLenin signed peace treaty with Central PowersLenin signed peace treaty with Central PowersCommunists fought socialist oppositionCommunists fought socialist opposition



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Objectives:Objectives:Define the Fourteen Points.Define the Fourteen Points.Explain how the war ended.Explain how the war ended.Identify the disagreements that the peacemakers faced.Identify the disagreements that the peacemakers faced.


The Terms of PeaceThe Terms of PeaceThe Terms of PeaceThe Terms of Peace

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The Fourteen PointsThe Fourteen PointsSix general points to ensure a just and safer worldSix general points to ensure a just and safer worldEight points dealt with specific regions and countriesEight points dealt with specific regions and countries



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Defeat of the Central PowersDefeat of the Central PowersArrival of American troopsArrival of American troopsRevolution in Austria-HungaryRevolution in Austria-Hungary



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The Paris Peace ConferenceThe Paris Peace ConferenceProblems facing the peacemakers – some Problems facing the peacemakers – some

countries were excluded; territorial conflictscountries were excluded; territorial conflictsReparations and peacekeeping – Allies wanted Reparations and peacekeeping – Allies wanted

Germany to pay; League of NationsGermany to pay; League of Nations



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What Kind of Peace?What Kind of Peace?Paris Peace Conference – conflicting viewpointsParis Peace Conference – conflicting viewpointsUnited States wanted fair settlementUnited States wanted fair settlementMany Allies wanted to punish Germany and break Many Allies wanted to punish Germany and break

it up into regions occupied by Allied forcesit up into regions occupied by Allied forces



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.Explain how territories were redivided after the war.Explain how territories were redivided after the war.Explain how the League of Nations was structured.Explain how the League of Nations was structured.


Creating a “New” EuropeCreating a “New” EuropeCreating a “New” EuropeCreating a “New” Europe

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The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of VersaillesNo draftNo draftMaximum of 100,000 menMaximum of 100,000 menNo heavy artillery, military planes, or submarinesNo heavy artillery, military planes, or submarines



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Fates of Former TerritoriesFates of Former TerritoriesEthnic populationsEthnic populationsBulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and RussiaBulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia



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The League of NationsThe League of NationsOrganization – assembly, council, secretariat, Organization – assembly, council, secretariat,

World CourtWorld CourtMandates – colonies of defeated powers ruled by Mandates – colonies of defeated powers ruled by

“advanced” governments“advanced” governmentsThe start of the League – 42 member nations grew The start of the League – 42 member nations grew

to 59 by the 1940sto 59 by the 1940s



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