HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 6 The Executive Branch Section 1:The...

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

CIVICSCIVICS IN PRACTICEIN PRACTICEHOLTHOLT

Chapter 6Chapter 6

The Executive BranchThe Executive BranchSection 1:Section 1: The Presidency

Section 2:Section 2: Powers and Roles of the President

Section 3:Section 3: Executive Departments and the Cabinet

Section 4:Section 4:Independent Agencies and Regulatory Commissions



Section 1:Section 1: The PresidencyThe Presidency

The Main Idea

The president and the vice president are required to have certain qualifications.

Reading Focus What are the qualifications and terms of office for

the presidency? What are the duties of the vice president? What are the rules of succession for the presidency?



Qualifications for the presidency:Qualifications for the presidency:

NativeNative--born U.S. citizenborn U.S. citizen At least 35 years of ageAt least 35 years of age A resident of the United States for at least 14 A resident of the United States for at least 14

yearsyears


Set forth by the U.S. Constitution



Terms of office & Salary:Terms of office & Salary: FourFour--year term and may be elected to a second termyear term and may be elected to a second term

Precedent of 2 terms set by Washington, broken by F. Precedent of 2 terms set by Washington, broken by F. RooseveltRoosevelt

2222ndnd Amendment sets a two- term limit Amendment sets a two- term limit

Salary of $400,000 per year, $50,000 nontaxable Salary of $400,000 per year, $50,000 nontaxable allowance, and an allowance for travel costs.allowance, and an allowance for travel costs.


- 4 terms



Duties and terms of office of the vice Duties and terms of office of the vice president:president: Takes over if the president dies, resigns, or is Takes over if the president dies, resigns, or is

removed from officeremoved from office Presides over the SenatePresides over the Senate Must meet the same constitutional qualifications Must meet the same constitutional qualifications

as the presidentas the president Salary of $186,300 per year plus $10,000 taxable Salary of $186,300 per year plus $10,000 taxable

allowanceallowance




preside over the Senate, succeed the president

nine



The order of presidential succession:The order of presidential succession:

The vice presidentThe vice president The Speaker of the HouseThe Speaker of the House The president The president pro temporepro tempore of the Senate of the Senate Members of the president’s cabinet in the Members of the president’s cabinet in the

order in which their departments were createdorder in which their departments were created


Term for the order in which the office of the president

is to be filled if it becomes vacant

1.2.3.

4.

20th Amendment



Twenty-fifth AmendmentTwenty-fifth Amendment

If the president dies or resigns and is If the president dies or resigns and is succeeded by the vice presidentsucceeded by the vice president

the new president nominates a new vice the new president nominates a new vice presidentpresident

That nomination must be approved by a That nomination must be approved by a majority vote of both houses of Congressmajority vote of both houses of Congress



Gave Congress the power to set the order of presidental succession. If both the president and vice president die or are removed from office, the Speaker of the House becomes president, then the president pro tempore of the Senate, followed by the president’s cabinet in the order the departments were created.

A new president’s vice presidential nomination must be approved by a majority of Congress.



Question: What are the term of office and the duties of the vice president?

four years

SECTION 1

Vice President

four years

preside over the Senate remain prepared to assume presidency help presidential candidate get elected

Term of Office

Duties



The Main IdeaThe powers and roles of the U.S. president affect

not only the citizens of the United States but also people throughout the world.

Reading Focus What are some of the leadership roles of the

president? What powers does the president have?

Section 2:Section 2: Powers and Roles of the PresidentPowers and Roles of the President



The President and the Legislative The President and the Legislative ProcessProcess

Recommends laws to Congress in speeches, Recommends laws to Congress in speeches, writing, or through State of the Union Addresswriting, or through State of the Union Address

Sends Congress an economic messageSends Congress an economic message Influences legislation with veto powerInfluences legislation with veto power


The threat of a veto can discourage Congress from passing a bill

Suggests new programs &

policies

Budget



proposes laws

delivers the State of the Union address

sends a budget proposal to Congress

power to veto bills



Congress and the Commander in ChiefCongress and the Commander in Chief

All Military officers ultimately answer to the presidentAll Military officers ultimately answer to the president Constant contact with U.S. military leadersConstant contact with U.S. military leaders Final say in planning how a war is to be foughtFinal say in planning how a war is to be fought Only Congress can declare war.Only Congress can declare war. The president has the power to send troops into foreign lands.The president has the power to send troops into foreign lands. 19731973——War Powers Act: requires troops to be recalled within War Powers Act: requires troops to be recalled within

60 days unless approved by Congress to stay longer60 days unless approved by Congress to stay longer


Congressional limitation on the president’s military powers

Commanding the nation’s armed forces

abroad



head of U.S. armed forces

sends troops where danger threatensfinal say in planning how a war is to be fought



The Main IdeaThe powers and roles of the U.S. president affect

not only the citizens of the United States but also people throughout the world.

Reading Focus What are some of the leadership roles of the

president? What powers does the president have?




President’s duties as foreign-policy President’s duties as foreign-policy leader and chief of state:leader and chief of state: Appoints officials to represent the United States abroadAppoints officials to represent the United States abroad Travels to foreign nations to meet with leaders and Travels to foreign nations to meet with leaders and

representatives of other countriesrepresentatives of other countries Serves as the nation’s chief diplomat and assumes final Serves as the nation’s chief diplomat and assumes final

responsibility for treatiesresponsibility for treaties Senate must approve all treaties by a 2/3rds voteSenate must approve all treaties by a 2/3rds vote


Written agreements between nations

A nation’s plan for dealing with other nations of the world



More Presidential PowerMore Presidential Power Appoint Supreme Court justices & other federal judgesAppoint Supreme Court justices & other federal judges

Confirmed by majority vote in SenateConfirmed by majority vote in Senate Reprieves, pardons, & commutationReprieves, pardons, & commutation

For certain federal crimesFor certain federal crimes Reprieve- postpones the carrying out of a person’s Reprieve- postpones the carrying out of a person’s

sentencesentence Pardon- Forgives a for the crime and eliminates the Pardon- Forgives a for the crime and eliminates the

punishmentpunishment Commutation– reducing a person’s sentence Commutation– reducing a person’s sentence

(Prison)

Change a convicted person’s sentence to make the sentence less severe

(approved)



appoints federal judges

grants pardons, reprieves, and commutations

head of U.S. foreign policy

Appoints ambassadors, etc.

makes treaties (with consent of Senate)



Question: What are the duties of the president as foreign-policy leader and chief of state?

SECTION 2

President’s Duties as Foreign Policy Leader and Chief of State

President’s Duties as Foreign Policy Leader and Chief of State

travel abroad to meet with foreign leaders

secure friendly relations with foreign governments

preserve the security of the United States

appoint officials to represent the United States inforeign countries

meet with leaders of foreign countries

assume responsibility for treaties with foreigncountries



Section 3:Section 3: Executive Departments and the CabinetExecutive Departments and the Cabinet

The Main IdeaThe executive branch of the U.S. government is divided

into several departments, each of which has certain duties.

Reading Focus What is the Executive Office of the President, and

what is the cabinet? What are the purposes of the Department of State

and the Department of Defense? What are the other executive departments in the

federal government?



The Executive Office of the President The Executive Office of the President Contains agencies and offices that advise the president Contains agencies and offices that advise the president

on current issueson current issues National Security Council– The president’s top ranking National Security Council– The president’s top ranking

group of advisors on matters concerning defense and securitygroup of advisors on matters concerning defense and security

The White House Office keeps the presidential The White House Office keeps the presidential schedule, writes speeches, and maintains relations with schedule, writes speeches, and maintains relations with Congress, the press, and the public.Congress, the press, and the public.

All cabinet members are appointed by the president and All cabinet members are appointed by the president and approved by the Senateapproved by the Senate




The 15 executive departments work to The 15 executive departments work to improve life for all Americans.improve life for all Americans.

Department of: Department of: Agriculture (USDA)Agriculture (USDA) Commerce (DOC)Commerce (DOC) Defense (DOD)Defense (DOD) Education (ED)Education (ED) Energy (DOE)Energy (DOE) Health and Human Services (HHS)Health and Human Services (HHS) Homeland Security (DHS)Homeland Security (DHS)**

** newest executive department newest executive department

Housing and Urban Housing and Urban Development (HUD)Development (HUD)

Justice (DOJ)Justice (DOJ) Labor (DOL)Labor (DOL) State (DOS)State (DOS) Interior (DOI)Interior (DOI) TreasuryTreasury Transportation (DOT)Transportation (DOT) Veterans Affairs (VA)Veterans Affairs (VA)


Attorney General

Secretary = title of most cabinet members

Divisions of the federal gov’t. with specific areas of responsibility in helping the president carry out the laws

Heads of

Most recently established



Question: What are the fifteen department secretaries included in the president’s cabinet?

SECTION 3

Cabinet Members

Secretary of State

Secretary of Treasury

Attorney General

Secretary of the Interior

Secretary of Agriculture

Secretary of Commerce

Secretary of Labor

Secretary of Defense

Secretary of Health and Human Services

Secretary of Housing and Urban

Development

Secretary of Transportation

Secretary of Energy

Secretary of Education

Secretary of Veterans Affairs

Secretary of Homeland Security



F

defense and security

F

15

F

attorney general



Departments of StateDepartments of StateMaintains U.S. relations with the rest of the worldMaintains U.S. relations with the rest of the world Foreign PolicyForeign Policy Secretary of State heads itSecretary of State heads it Ambassadors--are the highest-ranking U.S. Ambassadors--are the highest-ranking U.S.

representatives in foreign countriesrepresentatives in foreign countries Embassy--official residence and offices of an Embassy--official residence and offices of an

ambassador in a foreign countryambassador in a foreign country Consul--represents U.S. commercial interests in Consul--represents U.S. commercial interests in

foreign countriesforeign countries Consulate--U.S. consul’s officeConsulate--U.S. consul’s office

Abroad

Develop trade & help Americans



Department of State Cont.Department of State Cont.

keeps track of people traveling to and from keeps track of people traveling to and from the United Statesthe United States Passports--are formal documents that allow U.S. Passports--are formal documents that allow U.S.

citizens to travel abroadcitizens to travel abroad Visas--allow foreigners to come to the United Visas--allow foreigners to come to the United

States.States.

issues

A person from another nation



Department of DefenseDepartment of DefenseIn charge of the nation’s armed forces and operates In charge of the nation’s armed forces and operates

hundreds of military bases in the United States and hundreds of military bases in the United States and in other nationsin other nations

military action & relief effortsmilitary action & relief efforts The secretary of defense is always a civilianThe secretary of defense is always a civilian

nonmilitary control over the armed forcesnonmilitary control over the armed forces military officers as assistantsmilitary officers as assistants

Joint Chiefs of Staff-- highest-ranking military Joint Chiefs of Staff-- highest-ranking military officers of each of the armed forces officers of each of the armed forces advises the president on military affairsadvises the president on military affairs



T

F

passports

T

T




The Main IdeaThe executive branch of the U.S. government is divided

into several departments, each of which has certain duties.

Reading Focus What is the Executive Office of the President, and

what is the cabinet? What are the purposes of the Department of State

and the Department of Defense? What are the other executive departments in the

federal government?



Other Executive DepartmentsOther Executive Departments Congress has the power to reorganize and Congress has the power to reorganize and

combine different executive departments as combine different executive departments as neededneeded

Congress can also create new departments if Congress can also create new departments if necessarynecessary Department of Homeland SecurityDepartment of Homeland Security

After 9/11After 9/11 primary mission is to protect the nation against further primary mission is to protect the nation against further

terrorist attacksterrorist attacks provides federal assistance when natural disasters occur provides federal assistance when natural disasters occur

in the United Statesin the United States

Establish

Or eliminate



Other Executive Departments Cont.Other Executive Departments Cont. Treasury DepartmentTreasury Department

promotes conditions for economic prosperity and promotes conditions for economic prosperity and stability in the United States and in the rest of the stability in the United States and in the rest of the worldworld

Managing federal financesManaging federal finances collecting taxes, duties and monies paid to and collecting taxes, duties and monies paid to and

due to the governmentdue to the government producing postage stamps, currency and coinageproducing postage stamps, currency and coinage investigating and prosecuting tax evaders, investigating and prosecuting tax evaders,

counterfeiters, and forgerscounterfeiters, and forgers



Other Executive Departments Cont.Other Executive Departments Cont.

Department of JusticeDepartment of Justice the job of enforcing the laws of the United Statesthe job of enforcing the laws of the United States ensure public safety against foreign and domestic ensure public safety against foreign and domestic

threatsthreats works to prevent and control crimeworks to prevent and control crime committed to ensuring the fair and impartial committed to ensuring the fair and impartial

administration of justice for all Americansadministration of justice for all Americans



T

F

promotes conditions for economic prosperity and stability

F

Department of Homeland Security



The Main Idea The Independent Agencies and Regulatory

Commissions of the U.S. government perform specialized duties.

Reading Focus What are some examples of independent agencies,

and what duties do they perform? What are regulatory commissions, and who runs

them? What makes up the federal bureaucracy?

Section 4: Independent Agencies and Regulatory CommissionsSection 4: Independent Agencies and Regulatory Commissions



Independent AgenciesIndependent Agencies Perform specialized duties that do not fit into regular Perform specialized duties that do not fit into regular

departmentsdepartments Some serve all of the departments and some assist Some serve all of the departments and some assist

the work of the entire government.the work of the entire government. Examples: Examples:

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights-collects information about discrimination U.S. Commission on Civil Rights-collects information about discrimination against minoritiesagainst minorities

National Aeronautics and Space Administration-runs the U.S. space programNational Aeronautics and Space Administration-runs the U.S. space program The Office of Personnel Management-gives tests to people who want to apply The Office of Personnel Management-gives tests to people who want to apply

for jobs with the federal governmentfor jobs with the federal government General Services Administration-buys supplies for the federal governmentGeneral Services Administration-buys supplies for the federal government




provides information on discrimination

runs space program

tests federal job applicants

buys supplies for federal government

Congress



Regulatory CommissionsRegulatory Commissions

Independent agencies make rules and bring Independent agencies make rules and bring violators to court.violators to court.

Usually established because of a perceived needUsually established because of a perceived need Commission heads are appointed by the president Commission heads are appointed by the president

and approved by Congress to serve long terms.and approved by Congress to serve long terms. Commissions are independent in order to freely do Commissions are independent in order to freely do

their jobs.their jobs.


Powerful

Enforce rules

EstablishHave the

force of laws

of the executive departments



Regulatory Commissions Regulatory Commissions (continued)(continued) Examples: Examples:

Federal Election CommissionFederal Election Commission enforces election laws, provides financial information for campaigns, & controls public enforces election laws, provides financial information for campaigns, & controls public

funding of presidential electionsfunding of presidential elections Consumer Product Safety CommissionConsumer Product Safety Commission

It sets and enforces safety standards for consumer products and conducts safety researchIt sets and enforces safety standards for consumer products and conducts safety research Securities and Exchange CommissionSecurities and Exchange Commission

regulates the buying and selling of stocks and bondsregulates the buying and selling of stocks and bonds National Labor Relations BoardNational Labor Relations Board

Enforces federal labor laws and works to prevent unfair labor practices among businesses.Enforces federal labor laws and works to prevent unfair labor practices among businesses.




enforces election lawsmakes safety laws and standards

regulates stock market

enforces federal labor laws

regulatory commissions

president

Senate



The Main Idea The Independent Agencies and Regulatory

Commissions of the U.S. government perform specialized duties.

Reading Focus What are some examples of independent agencies,

and what duties do they perform? What are regulatory commissions, and who runs

them? What makes up the federal bureaucracy?




The Federal BureaucracyThe Federal Bureaucracy

Formed by the departments and agencies of Formed by the departments and agencies of the executive branchthe executive branch

Almost 3 million workersAlmost 3 million workers Operates under heavy rules and regulations Operates under heavy rules and regulations

that create “red tape” but allow the executive that create “red tape” but allow the executive branch to functionbranch to function




bureaucracy



Chapter 6 Wrap-Up1. What is the vice president’s role in the government?2. What limitation did the Twenty-second Amendment

place on the terms of the presidency?3. What is the purpose of the State of the Union Address?4. How does the president participate in the legislative

process?5. How does the Executive Office of the President serve the

president?6. What other position do the executive department heads

hold?7. Why are the independent agencies separate from the

executive departments?

1. What is the vice president’s role in the government?2. What limitation did the Twenty-second Amendment

place on the terms of the presidency?3. What is the purpose of the State of the Union Address?4. How does the president participate in the legislative

process?5. How does the Executive Office of the President serve the

president?6. What other position do the executive department heads

hold?7. Why are the independent agencies separate from the

executive departments?

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