HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 1 Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception.
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Transcript of HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 1 Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception.
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Sensation and Perception
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Hmmm…what do you think???
Sensation and perception are essential to human communication, learning, and survival. Write down an example of (1) a situation in which you experienced difficulties as a result of failing to hear, see, taste, smell, or feel something in the environment and of (2) a situation in which you sensed something in the environment but were unable to accurately interpret the sensory information.
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 4SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
Section 1: Sensation and Perception: The Basics
Section 2: Vision
Section 3: Hearing
Section 4: Other Senses
Section 5: Perception
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Chapter 4: Section 1
Sensation and Perception: The Basics
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Main Objective:
Distinguish between sensation and perception, and explain how they contribute to an understanding of our environment.
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
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Chapter 4Chapter 4CHAPTER 4
Sensation and Perception
Senses
Vision Hearing Smell Touch Taste Body Senses
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What is Sensation and Perception??????
Sensation: The stimulation of sensory receptors and the
transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system (the spinal cord and brain).
Perception: Psychological process through which we interpret
sensory stimulation.EX: We realize that the people
on a small TV are bigger in real life.
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Stimulation of senses and the ways in which people interpret that stimulation are affected by
several concepts:
Absolute thresholdDifference ThresholdSignal-detection theorySensory adaptation
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Absolute Threshold:
Absolute Threshold: The weakest amount of a stimulus that can be
sensed.EX: Hearing the first beep in a hearing test.
Dogs can hear and smell things that people cannot…they have a different threshold.
Thresholds differ
from person to person!
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Difference Threshold:
Difference threshold: The minimum amount of difference that can be
detected between two stimuli.EX: differences in shades of color.
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Signal-Detection Theory: A method of distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes
into account not only their strengths but also such elements as the setting, your physical state, your mood, your attitudes, and motivation. EX: Mind wandering in class…
you still hear but your mind
will wander.
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Sensory Adaptation:
The process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli. Sensory systems adapt to changing environment.
Seeing people in movie theater (weak stimuli)City dwellers adapt to sounds
of traffic (unchanging stimuli)
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Video on Sensation & Perception30 minutes
Write 15 interesting facts/concepts throughout video!
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Chapter 4: Section 2
Vision
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Question: How does the eye enable vision?
THE EYE AND VISION Light enters the eye and then is projected onto a surface The amount of light that enters the eye is determined by
the size of the pupil which adjusts automatically to the amount of light entering the eye
Once light enters the eye, it encounters the lens which adjusts to the distance of objects by changing its thickness
Section 2: Vision
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Question: How does the eye enable vision?
These changes project a clear image of the object onto the retina, which consists of neurons that are sensitive to the light called photoreceptors
Once the light hits the photoreceptors, a nerve carries the visual input into the brain where the information is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe
Section 2: Vision
THE EYE AND VISION (continued)
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Question: How does the ear perceive sound?
HOW THE EAR PERCEIVES SOUND Sound enters the outer ear and is funneled to the
eardrum Inside the middle ear, the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
vibrate, transmitting the sound to the inner ear Within the brain, auditory input is projected onto the
hearing areas of the cerebral cortex
Section 3: Hearing
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Question: What are the chemical, skin, and body senses?
CHEMICAL, SKIN, AND BODY SENSES Smell – allows a person to taste Taste – sweetness, sourness, saltiness, and
bitterness Skin senses of pressure, temperature, and pain Vestibular and kinesthetic body senses
Section 4: Other Senses
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Chapter 4Chapter 4
Question: What are the laws of sensory perception?
LAWS OF SENSORY PERCEPTION Closure – the tendency to perceive a complete or whole
figure even when there are gaps in what your senses tell you
Figure-ground perception – the perception of a figure against a background
Proximity – the tendency to group together visual and auditory events that are near each other
Section 5: Perception
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Question: What are the laws of sensory perception?
Similarity – thinking of similar objects as belonging together
Continuity – the tendency to group stimuli into continuous patterns
Section 5: Perception
LAWS OF SENSORY PERCEPTION (continued)