Holger S. P. Müller, Jürgen Stutzki, Stephan Schlemmer I. Physikalisches Institut Universität zu...
-
Upload
dominick-powell -
Category
Documents
-
view
233 -
download
0
Transcript of Holger S. P. Müller, Jürgen Stutzki, Stephan Schlemmer I. Physikalisches Institut Universität zu...
Holger S. P. Müller, Jürgen Stutzki, Stephan Schlemmer
I. Physikalisches InstitutUniversität zu Köln
50937 Cologne, Germany
The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS,in Times of Herschel, SOFIA and ALMA
64th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy; WH07
Overview
I. Introduction
II. The CDMS
IV. Considerations for Herschel and SOFIA
V. Considerations for ALMA
III. Other Resources
Selected Terahertz Observatories
APEXrunning≤ 1.5 THz~ 5100 m
SOFIA, ~ 2010, ~ 3 THz
ALMA~ 2012
≤ 0.72 THz~ 5100 m
Herschel Space Obs., running, ≤ 2 (5) THz
The Transmissivity of the Atmosphere
3135 m 5612 m ~ 13000 m
H2O is the main absorber
Detection of CF+ toward the Orion Bar
CF+ J = 3 – 2 APEX
CF+ J = 2 – 1 IRAM 30m
CF+ J = 1 – 0 IRAM 30m
D. A. Neufeld et al., Astron. Astrophys. 454 (2006) L37
Rest frequencies required for line identification !
Also for extragalactic CO observations !
CDMS Main Page
Please bookmark as http://www.astro.uni-koeln.de/cdms/
Short-cut to CDMS main page: www.cdms.de
CDMS catalog: basic facts
line lists of rotational spectra for molecules of interest in space
Hamiltonian model based on experimental data
520 different species; 242 detected in ISM or CSE
separate entries for isotopologues and vibrational states
~ 1000 users each month
included in many advanced astronomy tools, e.g. for Herschel
~ 5−10 new entries each month
General
Entries
Species tag.: mw5#Name/Formula DocumentationMHz Entry cm–1
Entries Based on Laboratory Data, e. g., CO, v = 1
Important:appropriate uncertainties
J" frequency unc. o–c
1 228439.074 25 –27
2 342647.636 20 –6
3 456842.977 10 4
4 571020.677 12 –12
5 685176.392 5 2
6 799305.677 10 4
7 913404.136 5 –1
15 1824554.595 10 –0
16 1938177.832 10 0
B 57111.24312 (66)
D × 103 183.4903 (71)
H × 109 177.9 (145)
The Data
The Spectroscopic Parameters
R. Gendriesch et al., A&A 497 (2009) 927
Issues Around Experimental Uncertainties
The 12th commandment: Thou shalt not scale your parameter uncertainties with the rms error.
− reasons for rms error < 1: small data set; systematic errors (calibration); etc.
− reasons for rms error > 1: wrong model, e.g. missing parameter; etc.
Measure calibration lines if you are uncertain how well you can do.
− Lab: CO, H2CO, CH3CCH, CH3CN, OCS, SO2, etc.
− Astro: dito, (CCH soon), HCN, HCO+, N2H+, HC3N, HC5N, etc.
CO entryExplanations with link to further detailsFrequency (MHz)Uncertainty (MHz)Elower (cm–1)gupSpecies tagQuantum numbersIntensity (nm2MHz)
Example for a documentation
Lots of information on entry:source of datainformation on moleculecaveat(s)links to special data (hfs)etc.
search (default)
Graphic Output for SO2 at 150 K
What’s New
Molecules in Space
H3+ in ISM
fitting spectra
examples
Other Databases
JPL catalog: http://spec.jpl.nasa.gov/ atmospheric and astrophysical species; WH09, B. J. Drouin & J. C. Pearson
HITRAN: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/HITRAN/ atmospheric species; RI01, L. S. Rothman & I. E. Gordon
NIST Rec. Rest Frequencies: http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/micro/table5/start.pl astrophysical species, observed lines only (F. J. Lovas); peculiar uncertainties
SLAIM: F. J. Lovas’ extension of NIST RRF; via splatalogue; peculiar uncertainties
Examples for 3rd Level Resources
CASSIS: http://www.cesr.fr/~walters/web_cassis/ Adam Walters et al.; CDMS + JPL + astro tools
splatalogue: http://www.splatalogue.net/ under construction; CDMS, JPL, NIST RRF, SLAIM, Recomb. often many options for one species
The 3rd level needs the 2nd and 1st as the 2nd needs the 1st(the original lab work).
Note: Consolidation is not always a simple task !Newest entry ? Most experimental data ? Highest quantum numbers or frequencies ?
Considerations for Herschel and SOFIA
Molecular Lines at Terahertz Frequenciesatm
ospheric transmission / %
CSO line survey of Orion-KL, C. Comito et al, ApJS 156 (2005) 127167
Detail of the Interstellar Carbon Cycle
CH3+
CH2+
HCO+
CH2
CH
C
CO
CH+
C+ CO+
millimeter lines (>)submillimeter lines
terahertz lines
H2
H2
H
H
H
e
ee
e
e, ν
e
H3+
ν
ν
ν
ν
H, ν
OH
O
He+O2
e, S
H2
H2, H2*H2*
ν, C+
OH
adopted from Sternberg & Dalgarno, 1995
Probing Cold CH2 in the THz Region toward Sgr B2
E. T. Polehampton et al., A&A 431 (2005) 203(analyzing ISO data)
CH 2Π½, J = 1.5 – 0.5 @ 2.011 THz
o-CH2, 111 – 000 @ 2.349 THz
p-CH2, 212 – 101 @ 2.783 THz
o-CH2, 313 – 202 @ 3.201 THz
Detection of 13CH+ J = 1 − 0 toward G10.6−0.4 with the CSO
E. Falgarone et al., ApJ 634 (2005) L149
CH3OH
13CH+
no accurate 13CH+ lab data no kinematic information
CO, J = 13 − 12 @ 1.497 THz, Detected with APEX
Hot core in OMC-1
near or at interface between HII and compact mol. gas
Hot gas component (300 – 500K)
at vertex of system of outflows.
CO 13 12
M. C. Wiedner et al.,A&A 454 (2006) L33
Light Hydride Species AHn in the CDMS Catalog
H2D+, HD2+, HeH+, NeH+, ArH+
BH, CH, CH+, CH2, CH2D+, CH3D, 13CH3D
NH, ND, NH2, NH3, OH+, OH−, D2O, H3O+, H2DO+
PH, PH2, PH3, SH−, SH+, H2S
NaH, MgH, KH, CuH, ZnH
plus more to come
detected in ISM/CSE; several isotopologs
(Possible) Data Needs
desired species: CH+, 13CH+, CD+ !13CH2, CHDCH2
+, NH2+, H2O+ ?
(interfering) species: CH3OH isotopologs
other "weeds" mostly as for ALMAmostly v = 0 & main isotopologmaybe higher frequencies on occasion
Considerations for ALMA
The Purported Detection of GlycineSgr B2(N-LMH)
Orion-KL
W51 e1/e2
Kuan et al.,ApJ 593 (2005) 848;(plus other lines)
Problems with the Purported Glycine Detection
many line overlaps; e.g. 206468 (left line) with CH3CH2CN, v13 = 1a 240899 (right line) with CH3
13CH2CNb
many lines are "missing" (too weak) purported abundances too high
a) Snyder et al., ApJ 619 (2005) 914; adopted from Nummelin et al.ApJS 117 (1998) 427
b) HSPM, CDMS
Sgr B2(N-LMH)
A Solution for Single Dish Radio Telescopes
Unbiased Molecular Line Surveysin large frequency windows
Detection of a Complex Organic Molecule: Aminoacetonitrile H2NCH2CN (a likely precursor of glycine, H2NCH2COOH)
A. Belloche et al., Astron. Astrophys. 482 (2008) 179
IRA
M 3
0m
PdB
I, A
TC
A
C2H3CN, v = 0, + 13C, + 15N H. S. P. Müller et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 251 (2008) 319
Detection of 13C-Vinyl Cyanide
HNCO in Sgr B2(N)v = 0, v5 = 1 (831 K), v6 = 1 (944 K), v4 = 1 (1117 K)
previously in G10.47+0.03: Wyrowski et al; A&A 381 (1999) 882
The Blessing and the Curse of ALMA
very high sensitivity & very high spatial resolution
much rarer species may be seen
e.g. more complex molecules . . .
. . . but interfering species as well !(Weeds; molecules with many lines in star-forming region.)
The Weeds Issue
Examples: CH3OH, CH3CN, C2H3CN, C2H5CN, HC3N, CH3OCH3, CH3C(O)CH3, CH3OCHO, SO2
− main isotopolog, v = 0 generally in good or fairly good shape
− minor isotopologs, v = 0 good or reasonable for several species; more data to come
− main isotopolog, excited states good or reasonable for some species; more data to come; tedious, but important: C2H5CN
− minor isotopologs, exited states in good shape only rarely; data probably needed for some species, especially 13C
Acknowledgments
DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) → 2006
BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) (for Herschel/HIFI)
Spectroscopists for measurements and providing data
Astronomers for suggestions and comments on the CDMS