Hobbes What is the Social Contract Theory? How does it play a role in the founding of American...
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Transcript of Hobbes What is the Social Contract Theory? How does it play a role in the founding of American...
Hobbes
• What is the Social Contract Theory?
• How does it play a role in the founding of American government?
• Why are governments necessary?
• Should government have the right to intrude upon people’s rights? Why or why not?
John Locke
• (1632-1704) British Philosopher
• Original State of Man in Nature• Perfectly free and equal
• Why Governments?• Nature is uncertain• Property is unsafe
• Governments: Protect Property• Lives, Liberties, Estates
• Who creates governments?• The people• People are supreme
• When governments abuse those powers…• People can change government
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
• 1781-1789
• State Supremacy
• Legislature• Unicameral
• 9 of 13 votes to pass laws. (2/3)
• Each state one vote.
STRENGTHS• Land Ordinance of 1785• Surveyed and sold western
lands.
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787• Admission of new states
• Kept the states together• Treaty of Paris, 1783
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION• WEAKNESSES
• No power to tax
• No separate executive
• No federal courts
• Shays’ Rebellion
• British Retention of forts in the Northwest
• No regulation of interstate commerce
• Weak Continental dollar
• Separate state currencies
• Inability to protect settlers from Indians
• Inability to repay French loans
Constitutional ConventionBegan in May, 1787
• Original Purpose: • Amend Articles
• 55 Delegates
• None from Rhode Island
• Most Powerful Group/Interest:• Federalists• Stronger Central Government
Federal Census of 1790
• At the Constitutional Convention, each delegate was primarily representing his state’s interests.
• Based on the figures from the census, what significant differences exist among the states?
• What issues might surface at the Convention because of these differences?
Constitutional Convention: Great Compromise• Large and Small States: Representation
• Virginia Plan (Large States)• Legislature: 2 chambers
• Upper House: Appointed• Lower House: Popular Vote• ** Number of reps. in both based on population
• New Jersey Plan (Small States)• One chamber; each state one vote.
Great Compromise• Legislature
• Upper: Appointed by State Legislature• 2 per state (help small states)
• Lower: Voted by people• Based on population (help large states)
3/5 Compromise• Settled issue of counting slaves for taxes and
representation.
Legislative Branch– Article I Constitutional Requirements
House Senate• Age 25 30
• Citizenship 7 years 9 years
• Residency In state In state
• Length of Term 2 years 6 years
• Impeachment• House:
Impeaches (Bring Charges Against)majority vote
• Senate:Trial2/3 vote
• Can only remove from office
Article I, Section 8
• Powers of Congress• Power to tax• Regulate interstate commerce• Coin money• War Powers• Declare War• Raise an army/navy• Maintain an army/navy• Regulate an army/navy
• Necessary and Proper Clause (Sec. 8)• AKA: Elastic Clause• Expands powers of Congress
• Raising Revenue (Sec. 7)• Must begin in the House• Closest to the people (no taxation w/o representation)
Article II: EXECUTIVE BRANCH• Length of Term• 4 years
• Term Limits• NONE in ORIGINAL Constitution• 22 Amendment (1951)
• “Two Terms”
Electoral College• Number per state:• Equal to # of Reps. and Senators
• Who Wins?• Receive MAJORITY of votes
• No Majority?• House Decides
Constitutional Requirements• Age• 35
• Citizenship• Natural Born Citizen
• Residency• Live in U.S. 14 years
Powers of the President• Foreign Policy
• Commander-in-Chief (CINC)
• Make Treaties• 2/3 of Senate
• Appoint Ambassadors• Majority of Senate
• Judicial• Appoint federal Judges• Majority of Senate
• Pardons
• Legislative• Veto• State of the Union
Impeachment/Removal• Treason, Bribery, High Crimes and Misdemeanors
Article III - Judicial Branch
• Constitutional Requirements• None
• Length of Term• Life
• Constitution Establishes Supreme Court
• Lower Courts:• Created by Congress
ARTICLE IV• State Relations• Extradition• New States• Consent of current
state AND Congress
ARTICLE V
• Amend the Constitution• 2/3 House & Senate• ¾ of States
ARTICLE VI
• Supremacy Clause• National over State
ARTICLE VII
• Ratification• 9 of 13