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    A

    PROJECT REPORT

    ON

    Hotel Management System

    SUBMITTED

    To

    APEX INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR

    (RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY KOTA)

    In partial fulfillment for the Award of the Degree ofBACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

    INCOMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

    ACADEMIC SESSION 2012 2013

    Submitted To: Submitted By:

    (Prof.) CS DEPT. B.Tech 7

    thSem.(CS-A)

    AIET-Jaipur

    DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

    APEX INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    (Approved by AICTE & Affiliated To RTU)

    ISI-6, RIICO INSTITUTIONAL AREA

    SITAPURA,JAIPUR-302022(RAJASTHAN)

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all those people who have been directly

    and indirectly with us during the completion of this Project in PHP Technology. We pay aspecial thanks to our guide and mentor, Mr. Shushil Bhuria who has given knowledge andguidance during this project completion time.

    Project development is not an easy task. It requires corporationand help of various people. Italways happens that word run out whenwe are really thankful and sincerely want to inspiremy feeling of gratitude towards the one when helped in the completion of the project.

    His versatile knowledge has eased us in the critical times during the span of thisProject completion. We acknowledge here our debt to those who contributed significantly to

    one or more steps. We take full responsibility for any remaining sins of omission andcommission.

    We are grateful to our respected Principal Mr. (Dr.) Ashish Dutta Sharma. Our respectedH.O.D. Mr. Yogesh Sharma and all the staff members of Department of Computer ScienceEngineering for their constant encouragement and all those who helped us directly or

    indirectly in our endeavor.

    (.)B.Tech 4th year(CS-A)

    .

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    PREFACE

    Project is important part of our engineering curriculum. The B. Tech. Course Project helps a

    student in getting acquainted with the manner in which his/her knowledge is being practicallyused outside his/her institute and this is normally different from what he/she learnt from

    books. Hence, when the student switches from the process of learn to what of implementinghis/her knowledge, he/she finds an abrupt change.

    This is exactly why Project during the B. Tech curriculum becomes all the moreimportant. Project is prescribed for the student of Technical College as a part of Four-yeardegree course of engineering by the AICET.

    The project contains a detailed study about how is the inventorymanaged, how is billing doneand what all a business activities aredone to manage the business and making it more fruitful.

    In this project some screens and reports are also included. It also tells the files used by thecompany to do their work and given the whole knowledge and information about the Hotelmanagement.

    The fundamental step used in SDLC process is based on the ISO 9001 guidelines. Myaim was to follow the ISO guidelines and develop a perfect system.The system development was organized into five major parts: Requirement Gathering Documentation/Design Development Coding Testing

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Introduction Of Project..........................................7 The Motive

    Introdution to Hotel

    Scope...8

    Project Abstract..........................................9

    Existing System.............................................10

    Propesed System............11

    System Study..........................................12

    Requirement Study......13

    Intro to PHP.................................................16

    Introduction To Xampp Server 20

    Feasibility Study...21

    System Analysis................22

    Entity Relationship Diagram............................... .23

    Data Flow Diagram..........24

    Objectives

    Hints

    Level-0 DFD

    Level-1 DFD

    Project Analysis & Estimation25

    LOC Techniques.............................................27

    Cost Benefits Analysis.........................................28

    ScreenShot...............................................29

    Conclusion.49

    Bibiliography & References...........50

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    The Motive:-

    INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

    Project title Hotel Management System (a project for keeping customers record and also

    calculate customer bill slip and managers salary)The name of project is Hotel ManagementSystem. The objective of the project is to computerize the system of the hotel. Hotel

    Management Systemis the project not only keeps the record of various people likecustomers, manager etc.

    But as well as it reduce the extensive paper work in the present system. It wills makerthe system more versatile and user friendly. It also calculates the proper billing slip of highlevel and middle level customers. This project is based on description about the structure of

    HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.The project contains:

    Keeping the record of all persons like customers, managers etc.

    Maintains proper list of all persons.Generating proper bill slip and calculate managers salary.

    The motive of our project is to control various activities performed. In the Hotel using thecomputer with the work of HOTEL MANGEMENT SYSTEM. From the beginning, theimportant thing in our mind is that we should concentrate our project work on a subject thatis easy to understand and I s according to our daily requirement. By keeping this in mind,the subject chosen by us is hotel management.

    In the present time there is a great rush in hotels, as these have become necessity formiddle and upper class of the society. People travel a lot, stay in hotels, goes to the hotels forfunctions, meeting and refreshment. Our project is developed keeping in mind the generalneeds of the customers when he goes to the hospital.

    An important uniqueness about the described Hotels and restaurants are available to onlythose customers who have already booked room or hall in hospital.

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    Introdution to Hotel:-

    The Hotel proprietors Act, 1956, a hotel is an Establishment held out by the proprietor as

    offering food, drink and if so required, sleeping accommodation, without special contract toany traveller presenting himself who appears able and willing to pay a reasonablesum for theservices and facilities provided and who is in a fit state tobe received.

    Hotel is a place where all who conduct themselves properly, and who being able topay and ready to pay for there entertainment, are received, if there be accommodation forthem, who without any stipulated engagement as to the duration of their stay or as to thecompensation, are while there, supplied at reasonable cause with there meals, lodging andother services and attention as are necessarily incident to the use As a temporary home.

    The term Hotel was used in England in about 1760. Hotel or inn is defined

    by British law as a place where a bonafide travelers can receive food and shelter, provided heis in a position to pay for and is in a fit condition to be received.

    A Hotel or inn may also be defined as an establishment whose primary business is providinglodging facilities for the general public and which furnishes one or more of the followingservices(a)Food and Beverage service(b)Room service(c) Uniformed service(d)Laundryservice and(e) Use of furniture etc

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    SCOPE

    Scope of this project is very broad in term of maintaining terms with Peoples & otherManagement Technologies.

    Few of them are :-

    1.This is a commercial package which provides the Hotel management solution as the front

    Office process and Open bravo ERP as back office process.

    2.The daily operative workflows are just as diverse as the many different forms of

    accommodation.

    3.Hotel management systems rationalize all internal processes in the front and back office

    and make all relevant information about guests, rooms and reservations accessible and readily

    available.

    4.This is beneficial to both staff and guests. This way reservation processes are accelerated,

    waiting times when checking in or out decrease, reservations can easily be changed or moved

    and fully compliant invoices for business customers can be created.

    5.Less obvious functionalities such as interfaces to POS, telephone and lock systems also add

    to smooth workflows.

    6.In thehospitality industrya hotel management system also known as a HMS is a

    comprehensive software application used to automate hotel functions like guest bookings,

    online reservations, point of sale, telephone, accounts receivable, sales and marketing,banquets, food and beverage costing, materials management, HR and payroll, maintenance

    management, quality management and other amenities.

    7.Hotel property management systems may interface with central reservation systems and

    revenue oryield managementsystems,front office,back officeandpoint of salesystems.

    8.Professional hotel management systems do not only administrate an abundance of

    information but also serve as a sales tool.

    9.Options to profitably use this tool range from benefiting from analytical functions such as

    the reporting, which provides key figures on reservations, turnover, occupancy and average

    rates, to marketing campaigns driven by the gathered guest data.

    10.An increase in yields can also be accomplished by the dynamic rate and occupancy

    administration, the so-called rate management. This dynamic management of rates enables an

    automatic optimization of the average room rates.

    11.Moreover, rate management is indispensable when using online reservation systems such

    as the protel WBE, which runs in real time. Rate management adjusts all rates for online

    booking automatically in regard to current occupancy levels. The guest can then immediatelybook the current room rates online.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitality_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitality_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitality_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_salehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitality_industry
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    PROJECT ABSTRACT

    Hotel ManagementSystem Solution is the modern solution which has whole range of

    Reliable

    Faster usability

    Flexibility on Hotel administration process

    It constitutes of Easy Check-in & Check-out, Guest reservation, House Keeping, Alerts,

    Guest Flight information, Travel Agent information, Guest History, Folio notice ,lost and

    found management, Restaurant Management and lot other.The Hotel Management System that can be used in the hospitality industry. Through thissoftware the Hotel administration can manage their loyalty programs in an effective way.The Hotel Loyalty Programs can be used to entice guests into becoming a regular guest atthe hotel.

    These programs are especially beneficial to hotel chains, where the benefits of theprogram can span over their entire hotel chain. Personalized service and rewards deliverexceptional experiences to guests, and make them come back for more. The scope of the

    project defines only those functionalities.

    On the other hand the scope of the users involved in the program is defined as theroles of each user in the system and their accessibilities to the different elements and

    prospects within the system. The Hotel Management System will include three main userswho take part in the working of the system as a complete functionality.

    Considering the complete functionality and interactions with in the Hotel ManagementSystem we will define the roles of eachuser along with their access permissions towards thevarious elements of the system.

    The various users participating in the system are as follows:(i) The Hotel Administrator(ii) The Hotel Front Desk Office(iii) The Member ( The customer of the hotel who subscribed for the Hotels RewardsandLoyalty Program ).

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    EXISTING SYSTEM

    The existed system is in that hotel is manual working. Using this many problems can occur,for this system they used some bill books. That time any customer came for enquiry orreservation they need to check every reservation in the book , that is surly time wasting

    process.

    Also the man who is searching also important, sometimes he may do some problems in theprocess. The same problems in restaurant also possible, in the billing time wasting arepossible to occur. Some drawbacks of this existed system are

    Time required to do manual work

    Calculation is difficult

    Security is low

    Searching is difficult

    Data entry is difficult

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    PROPOSED SYSTEM

    The Hotel Management System that can be used in the hospitality industry. Through thissoftware the Hotel administration can manage their loyalty programs in an effective way. The

    Hotel Loyalty Programs can be used to entice guests into becoming a regular guest at thehotel.

    These programs are especially beneficial to hotel chains, where the benefits of theprogram can span over their entire hotel chain.

    Personalized service and rewards deliver exceptional experiences to guests, andmake them come back for more. The system will be divided into the following subsystems.

    User Get Information

    In this system administrator collects the information from different hotels. The HotelManagement system administrator contacts the specified rooms and collects the informationand update the information time to time and store in database in a flexible manner.

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    SYSTEM STUDY

    SYSTEM STUDY is the first stage of system development life cycle.This given a clearpicture of what actually the physical system is? In practicethe system study is done in twophases; the preliminary survey study of the system is done which helps in identifying thescope of the system.

    The second phase of the system study is more detailed and in-depth study inwhich the identification of users requirement and the limitation and problems of the present

    system are studied. After completing the system study , a system proposal is prepared bythe system. Analyst (who studies the system) and placed before the user.

    The proposed system contains the finding of the present system and

    recommendation to overcome the limitations and problems of the present system in the lightof the users requirements.To describe the system study phase more analytically, we would say that system phase passesthrough the following steps:-1.Problem identification and project initiation

    2.inference or finding

    3.Background analysis

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    (SOFTWARE & HARDWARE) REQUIREMENT STUDY

    Before starting with the project, it is mandatory to recognize the problem domain related to

    the project which basically defines all the problems and constraints the solution (theconstraints being part of the problem). It includes the goals that the problem owner wishesto achieve, the context within which the problem exists, and all rules that define essentialfunctions or other aspects of any product. For an Engineer, a problem domain is a circumstance for which he/she has to provide a solution.

    Client Server:-

    Over view:-

    With the varied topic in existence in the fields of computers, Client Server is one, which has

    generated more heat than light, and also more hype than reality. This technology has acquireda certain critical mass attention with its dedication conferences and magazines.

    Major computer vendors such as IBM and DEC; have declared that Client Servers istheir main future market. A survey of DBMS magazine reveled that 76% of its readers wereactively looking at the client server solution. The growth in the client server developmenttools from $200 million in1992 to more than $1.2 billion in 1996.

    Client server implementations are complex but the underlying concept is simple andpowerful. A client is an application running with local resources but able to request thedatabase and relate the services from separate remote server. The software mediating this

    client server interaction is often referred to as MIDDLEWARE.

    The typical client either a PC or a Work Station connected through a network toamore powerful PC, Workstation, Midrange or Main Frames server usually capable ofhandling request from more than one client. However, with some configuration server mayalso act as client.

    A server may need to access other server in order to process the original client request. Thekey client server idea is that client as user is essentially insulated from the physical locationand formats of the data needs for their application. With the proper middleware, a clientinput from or report can transparently access and manipulate both local database on the clientmachine and remote databases on one or more servers.

    An added bonus is the client server opens the door to multi-vendor database access indulgingheterogeneous table joins.

    What is a Client Server:-

    Two prominent systems in existence are client server and file server systems. It is essential todistinguish between client servers and file server systems. Both provide shared network

    access to data but the comparison dens there! The file server simply provides a remote diskdrive that can be accessed by LAN applications on a file-by-file basis.

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    The client server offers full relational database services such as SQL-Access, Recordmodifying, Insert, Delete with full relational integrity backup/ restore performance for highvolume of transactions, etc. the client server middleware provides a flexible interface

    between client and server, who does what, when and to whom.

    Why Client Server Client server has evolved to solve a problem that has been aroundsince the earliest days of computing: how best to distribute your computing, data generationand data storage resources in order to obtain efficient, cost effective departmental anenterprise wide data processing. During mainframe era choices were quite limited.

    A central machine housed both the CPU and DATA (cards, tapes, drums and laterdisks). Access to these resources was initially confined to batched runs that produceddepartmental reports at the appropriate intervals. A strong central information servicedepartment ruled the corporation. The role of the rest of the corporation limited to requestingnew or more frequent reports and to provide hand written forms from which the central data

    banks were created and updated. The earliest client server solutions therefore could best be

    characterized as SLAVE-MASTER.

    Time-sharing changed the picture. Remote terminal could view and even change thecentral data, subject to access permissions. And, as the central data banks evolved in tosophisticated relational database with non-programmer query languages, online users couldformulate ad hoc queries and produce local reports with out adding to the MIS applicationssoftware backlog. However remote access was through dumb terminals, and the client serverremained subordinate to the Slave\Master.

    Front end or User Interface Design:-

    The entire user interface is planned to be developed in browser specific environment with atouch of Intranet-Based Architecture for achieving the Distributed Concept.

    The browser specific components are designed by using the HTML standards, and thedynamism of the designed by concentrating on the constructs of the Java Server Pages.Communication or Database Connectivity Tier The Communication architecture is designed

    by concentrating on the Standards of MYSQL Server. The database connectivity isestablished by using the PhpMyAdmin Data Base Connectivity. The standards of three-tirearchitecture are given major concentration to keep the standards of higher cohesion andlimited coupling for effectiveness of the operations.

    Features of The Language Used:-

    In my project, I have chosen PHP for developing the code.

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    An introduction to PHP programming

    How PHP came into being

    PHP started as a quick Perl hack written byRasmus Lerdorfin late 1994. Over the next twoto three years, it evolved into what we today know as PHP/FI 2.0. PHP/FI started to get a lotof users, but things didn't start flying untilZeev Suraski and Andi Gutmanssuddenly camealong with a new parser in the summer of 1997, leading to PHP 3.0. PHP 3.0 defined thesyntax and semantics used in both versions 3 and 4.

    Why yet another language?

    People often ask " why invent yet another language; don't we have enough of them outthere"? It is simply a matter of "the right tool for the right job".

    Many Web developers found that existing tools and languages were not ideal for the specifictask of embedding code in markup.

    Those developers first collaborated with Rasmus and then later with Zeev and Andi, todevelop a server-side scripting language which they felt would be ideal for developingdynamic Web-based sites and applications.

    PHP was created with these particular needs in mind. Moreover, PHP code was developed for

    embedment within HTML. In doing so, it was hoped that benefits such as quicker responsetime, improved security, and transparency to the end user would be achieved. Consideringthat almost a million and a half sites are currently running PHP (at the time of this article's

    publication), it would appear that these developers were right.

    PHP has evolved into a language, or maybe even an environment, that has a very specificrange of tasks in mind.

    PHP is a tool that lets you create dynamic web pages. PHP-enabled web pages are treated justlike regular HTML pages and you can create and edit them the same way you normally createregular HTML pages.

    What do you need?

    Firstly you need a server that has support for PHP activated and that all files ending in .phpare handled by PHP. On most servers this is the default extension for PHP files, but ask yourserver administrator to be sure. If your server supports PHP then you don't need to doanything. Just create your .php files and put them in your web directory and the server willmagically parse them for you. There is no need to compile anything nor do you need to installany extra tools.

    http://www.zend.com/zend/hof/rasmus.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/hof/rasmus.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/hof/rasmus.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/founders.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/founders.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/founders.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/founders.phphttp://www.zend.com/zend/hof/rasmus.php
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    Language Syntax

    Most of PHP's syntax is borrowed from C, although there are elements borrowed from Perl,C++ and Java as well. This article assumes that you are familiar with C's syntax. However,

    don't panic if you're not.

    Your first PHP-enabled page

    Create a file named hello.php and in it put the following lines:

    PHP Test

    The colours you see are just a visual aid to make it easier to see the PHP tags and thedifferent parts of a PHP expression.

    Note also that this is not like a CGI script. The file does not need to be executable or specialin any way.

    Think of it as a normal HTML file which happens to have a set of special tags available toyou that do a lot of interesting things.

    This program is extremely simple and you really didn't need to use PHP to create a page likethis. All it does is display: Hello World

    The point of the example is to show the special PHP tag format. In this example we used. You may jump in and out of PHP mode in an HTML file likethis all you want.

    Something Useful

    Let's do something a bit more useful now. We are going to check what sort of browser theperson viewing the page is using.

    In order to do that we check the user agent string that the browser sends as part of its request.

    This information is stored in a variable. Variables always start with a dollar-sign in PHP. Thevariable we are interested in is $HTTP_USER_AGENT. To display this variable we cansimply do:

    The result should be something like:

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    Mozilla/4.0(compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)

    There are many other variables that are automatically set by your web server.You can get a complete list of them by creating a file that looks like this:

    Then load up this file in your browser and you will see a page full of information about PHPalong with a list of all the variables available to you.

    You can put multiple PHP statements inside a PHP tag and create little blocks of code that domore than just a single echo. For example, if we wanted to check for Internet Explorer wecould do something like this:

    Here we introduce a couple of new concepts.

    We have an "if" statement. If you are familiar with the basic syntax used by the C languagethis should look logical to you. All the tricky string and memory manipulation issues youhave to deal with in C have been eliminated in PHP, but the basic syntax remains.

    The second concept we introduce here is the strstr() function call. strstr() is a function builtinto PHP which searches a string for another string. In this case we are looking for "MSIE"inside $HTTP_USER_AGENT.

    If the string is found the function returns true and if it isn't, it returns false. If it returns truethe following statement is executed.

    We can take this a step further and show how you can jump in and out of PHP mode even inthe middle of a PHP block:

    You are using Internet ExplorerYou are not using Internet Explorer

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    Instead of using a PHP echo statement to output something, we jumped out of PHP mode andjust sent straight HTML. The important and powerful point to note here is that the logicalflow of the script remain intact. Only one of the HTML blocks will end up getting sent to theviewer.

    Visibility of properties and methods:

    The visibility of PHP properties and methods refers tovisibilityin PHP. It is defined using

    thekeywordspublic,private, andprotected. The default is public, if onlyvaris used; varis a

    synonym forpublic. Items declaredpublic can be accessed everywhere.protected limits access

    toinherited classes(and to the class that defines the item).private limits visibility only to the

    class that defines the item.

    Objects of the same type have access to each other's private and protected members even

    though they are not the same instance. PHP's member visibility features have sometimes been

    described as "highly useful. However, they have also sometimes been described as "at bestirrelevant and at worst positively harmful.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visibility_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visibility_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visibility_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_(computer_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_(computer_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_(computer_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherited_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherited_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherited_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherited_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_(computer_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visibility_(computer_science)
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    An introduction to XAMPP SERVER

    XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web serversolution stackpackage,consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts

    written in the PHP and Perl programming languages.

    XAMPP's name is an acronym for:

    X (to be read as "cross", meaning cross-platform)

    Apache HTTP Server

    MySQL

    PHP

    Perl

    The program is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and acts as a

    free web servercapable of serving dynamic pages. XAMPP is available forMicrosoft

    Windows,Linux, Solaris, and Mac OS X, and is mainly used for web development projects.

    This software is useful while you are creating dynamic webpages using programming

    languages like PHP, JSP, Servlets.

    Requirements and features:

    XAMPP requires only one zip, tarorexe file to be downloaded and run, and little or no

    configuration of the various components that make up the web server is required. XAMPP is

    regularly updated to incorporate the latest releases ofApache/MySQL/PHP and Perl. It also

    comes with a number of other modules including OpenSSL and phpMyAdmin.

    Installing XAMPP takes less time than installing each of its components separately. Self-

    contained, multiple instances of XAMPP can exist on a single computer, and any given

    instance can be copied from one computer to another.

    It is offered in both a full, standard version and a smaller version.

    Use:

    Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use only as a development tool, to allow

    website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any

    access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features are

    disabled by default.[2]In practice, however, XAMPP is sometimes used to actually serve web

    pages on the World Wide Web. A special tool is provided to password-protect the most

    important parts of the package.

    XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating databases

    in MySQL and SQLite among others.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym_and_initialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZIP_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhpMyAdminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XAMPP#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XAMPP#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XAMPP#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XAMPP#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhpMyAdminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZIP_(file_format)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym_and_initialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software
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    Once XAMPP is installed you can treat your localhost like a remote host by connecting using

    an FTP client. Using a program like FileZilla has many advantages when installing acontent

    management system (CMS) like Joomla. You can also connect to localhost via FTP with

    yourHTML editor.

    The default FTP user "newuser", the default FTP password is "wampp".

    The default MySQL user is "root" while there is no default MySQLpassword.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileZillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joomlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_editorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joomlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_management_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileZillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol
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    FEASIBILITY STUDY

    On the basis of result of the initial study, feasibility study takes place.The feasibility study isbasically the test of the proposed system in the light of its workability, meeting user'srequirements, effective use of resources and of course, the cost effectiveness. The main goalof feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to achieve the scope. In the process offeasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated with greater accuracy.

    A project feasibility study is an exercise that involves documenting each of thepotential solutions to a particular problem or opportunity. To be precise, the two criteria tojudge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. Generally, feasibilities studiesprecede technical development and project implementation.

    The purpose of a feasibility study is identifying the likelihood of one or moresolutions meeting the stated requirements or problem domain. During the feasibility study, avariety, a variety of 'assessment' methods are followed.

    The feasibility studies include:-

    Technology and system feasibility:-The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input,Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be quantified in terms ofvolumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, etc. in order to estimate whether the newsystem will perform adequately or not.

    Technological feasibility is carried out to determine whether the company has the capability,in terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the

    project. When writing a feasibility report the following should be taken to consideration:A brief description of the business to assess more possible factor/s which could affect thestudy-The part of the business being examinedThe human and economic factorThe possible solutions to the problems

    Economic feasibility:-Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of anew system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determinethe benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them withcosts. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement thesystem. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking anaction.

    Cost-based study: It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can becategorized as follows:

    1. Development costs; and

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    2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and thebenefits derivable out of the system.Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on investments.The future value of a project is also a factor.

    Legal feasibility:-Determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a data

    processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts.

    Operational feasibility:-Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, andtakes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies therequirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.

    Schedule feasibility:-

    A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this meansestimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a giventime period using some methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure ofhow reasonable the project timetable is.

    Given our technical expertise, are the project deadlines reasonable? Some projects areinitiated with specific deadlines. You need to determine whether the deadlines are mandatoryor desirable.

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    SYSTEM ANALYSIS

    Assuming that a new system is to be developed, the next phase is system analysis. Analysis

    involved a detailed study of the current system, leading to specification of a new system.

    Analysis is a detailed study of various operations performed by a system and their

    relationships within and outside the system. During analysis, data are collected on the

    available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Interviews,

    on-site observation questionnaire are the tools used for system analysis. Using the following

    steps it becomes easy to grow the exact boundary of the new system under consideration.

    Keeping in view the problems and new requirements.

    Workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system.

    All procedures, requirementsmust be analyzed and documented in the form of detailed data

    flow diagram (DFDs), data dictionary, logical data structured and miniature specification.

    System Analysis also includes sub dividing of complex process involving the entire system,identification of data store and manual processes.

    The main point to be discussed in system analysis is:

    Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user requirements.

    Functional hierarchy showing the functions to be performed by the new system and

    their relationships with each other.

    Function network which are similar to function hierarchy but they highlight those

    functions which are common to more than one procedure.

    List of attributes of the entities these are the data items which need to be held about each

    entity (record)

    Common Code

    [Low Cost]

    Physical efforts:50%-

    55%

    Logic Code

    [Medium Cost]

    Mental efforts :30%-

    35%

    Presentation Code

    [High Cost]

    Attitude efforts:10%-

    20%

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    Entity Relationship Diagram

    The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976 .As a way tounify the network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER model is a conceptualdata model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of themodel is the Entity-Relationship diagram, which is used to visually represent data objects.Since Chen wrote his paper the model has been extended and today it is commonly used fordatabase design for the database designer, the utility of the ER model is:

    It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model caneasily be transformed into relational tables.

    It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, themodel can be used by the database designer to communicate the design to the

    end user. In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer

    to implement a data model in specific database management software.

    We have identified the following entities in the system:

    1) Answer

    ID, Answer, Type, Date Posted, Type

    2) Category

    ID, Category Name

    3) User

    ID, User Information, Role, Member, Admin

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    Data Flow Diagram

    When analysing systems we usually make extensive use of Graphical Notations, i.e.Diagrams. The diagramming technique we are going to look at for the next few topics is DataFlow Modelling.Data Flow Modelling represents the flow of information around a system, the way it ischanged and stored and the 'sources'and 'sinks'of information outside the system.Just like Entity-Relationship Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) take a 'top-down'approach, expanding the system description into more and more detail via a series of 'levels',so a set of DFDs will comprise a Context Diagram, a Level 1 DFD, and perhaps some Level2 DFDs, (one for each complicated Process at Level 1).DFDs show how information flows around a system, they:

    Represent a situation from the viewpoint of the data;

    Is a technique to assist analysis of processes in the system?

    Objectives:

    To graphically document boundaries of a system;

    To provide hierarchical breakdown of the system;

    To show movement of information between a system and its environment;

    To document information flows within the system;

    To aid communication between users and developers.

    Hints for Drawing Data Flow Diagrams

    For a diagram to be useful it must be at an appropriate level of detail:

    Avoid detail initially;

    Identify external entities - they provide the boundary;

    Identify main processes, then concentrate on data flows;

    Ensure enough data flows go into a process to perform transformations; Duplicate external entities and data store to improve clarity of diagram;

    Use meaningful names;

    Do not duplicate data flows;

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    HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

    LEVEL- : 0 (D.F.D)

    Figure 1

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    LEVEL- : 1 (D.F.D)

    Figure 2

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    PROJECT ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION

    The Project Analyses the new management practice in the hotel industry. Over recent years,the environment for hotel management in Croatia has changed radically. Difficult businessconditions require the transformation of management in the hotel industry. From the old-style

    business model, in which hotel managers were focused inwards on the hotel and its operation,a new paradigm encompassing a more externally oriented focus is now required.

    The current transformation of socially-owned hotels into capital-based and market-orientedbusiness enterprises will accelerate the general process of privatisation and promote incentivemanagement strategies. The article gives the research results of the new management practicein the case of the hotel "Excelsior" in Dubrovnik. It is one of the most successful hotels on

    the Croatian coast, which practices modern management.

    The research referred to management level, sex, age and educational structure ofmanagers, their continuing education, knowledge, skills and characteristics of management,main functions of management, delegation of authorities and responsibilities, managementsystem, decision-making, styles of leading and governing of managers by their time.

    The received results have been compared with the earlier management approach of theabove-mentioned hotel. The objective of the paper is to point out the importance of the new

    management practice and its contribution to the successful hotel business.

    By exploring different approaches of accomplishing the business management of this five-starhotel, they decided to install a new organisation unit into the organisation figure that is controlling.This helped them to control everyday expenses on every level of the hotel departments. The hotel hasovertaken the top price of their services.

    Thus, by controlling the expenses, it can reach the results of the best hotels in the Mediterranean.The Hotel Excelsior has an ISO 9002 certificate and operates the system of Total Quality

    Management, which is directed towards satisfying customer demand. Any obstacle in the way ofachieving customer satisfaction must be removed. The high-grade service supply does not recognisethe frontiers, but it guarantees the satisfaction of the guest.

    The staff of every organisation is the most important resource. The Hotel Excelsior is investing a lotin training their operation staff by organising courses at the Hotel Sheraton, in the United Kingdom,for their waiters and cooks. The top management of the hotel is also broadening their knowledge byattending different courses, seminars, MBA studies, etc.

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    Estimation:-

    The production phase is focused on implementation and testing of the system. Most of time,

    the developer will spend time on coding. The final product will be tested according to the test

    plan to ensure all requirements are meet. All test results will be analyzed and documented.

    Also, the developer will write a user manual, which describes how to install, run and use the

    software.

    The production phase will be completed once the committee members approve all required

    documentation and final version of the software product after the third and the last

    presentation.

    The grant chart below shows a schedule for finishing the tasks in each phase.

    Cost Estimate:-

    COCOMO:

    The COnstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO) developed by Barry Boehm will be used to

    estimate project effort and time. There are three modes, based on software domains, to

    estimate project effort and time in COCOMO. These modes are organic, semidetached and

    embedded. Organic mode projects are less complex developments and it has fair flexibility.

    Embedded mode projects are usually similar to defense projects. Complexity, reliability and

    real-time issues are played bigger role in embedded mode projects. Semidetached mode

    projects represent between organic and embedded mode projects. The Hotel Reservation

    System is a web application, which will have average complexity and fair flexibility.

    Therefore, the Hotel Reservation System is an organic mode project. COCOMO cost

    estimation for organic mode projects follow this formula:

    Effort = 3.2*EAF*(Size) ^1.05

    Time = 2.5*(Effort) ^0.38

    where:

    Effort = number of staff months

    EAF = Effort Adjustment Factor

    Size = number of lines of code for completed product. It is measured in KLOC (thousands of

    lines of code)

    Time = total number of months

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    COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS (CBA)

    Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the

    benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.These projects may be dams and highways or can be training programs and health caresystems.

    The idea of this economic accounting originated with Jules Dupuit, a French engineerwhose 1848 article is still worth reading. The British economist, Alfred Marshall, formulatedsome of the formal concepts that are at the foundation of CBA. But the practical developmentof CBA came as a result of the impetus provided by the Federal Navigation Act of 1936.

    This act required that the U.S. Corps of Engineers carry out projects for theimprovement of the waterway system when the total benefits of a project to whomsoever they

    accrue exceed the costs of that project. Thus, the Corps of Engineers had create systematicmethods for measuring such benefits and costs. The engineers of the Corps did this withoutmuch, if any, assistance from the economics profession.

    It wasn't until about twenty years later in the 1950's that economists tried to provide arigorous, consistent set of methods for measuring benefits and costs and deciding whether a

    project is worthwhile. Some technical issues of CBA have not been wholly resolved evennow but the fundamental presented in the following are well established.

    It is a part of economic feasibility and it refer to

    - Helping to approach & assess the case for a project.

    - An approach to make economic decision of any kind it involves weighting the total

    expected costs against the total expected benefits of one or more actions in order to

    choose the best or most profitable option.

    The accuracy of the outcome depends on how accurately cost and benefits have beenestimated.

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    CONCLUSION

    This project was really a very educative and enlightening experience for me. I got the

    portability problems at various platforms, besides developing my designing skills. I got tolearn the network access of software. I learn how data connectivity is done and howmultitasking is done with a shared memory.

    In the end, I would once again thank all the people who made such kind of training possiblefor me.

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    BIBILIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES

    Bibiliography

    1. [PHP-The Complete Reference], Steven Holzner

    2. [MYSQL-The Complete Reference], Vikram Vaswani

    3. [HTML- The Complete Reference], Tata Mc Graw-Hill Edition

    4. DataBase Design : Korth

    5. System Ananlysis and Design : Awad

    6. Software Engineering : PressMan

    7. [SQL, PL/SQL The Programming Language Of Oracle] by Ivan Bayross

    , BPB Publications

    References

    1. www.php.com

    2. www.w3schools.com

    3. www.shopping.rediff.com4. www.indiashopping.com

    5. www.shopping.yahoo.com

    http://www.shopping.rediff.com/http://www.shopping.rediff.com/http://www.indiashopping.com/http://www.indiashopping.com/http://www.shopping.yahoo.com/http://www.shopping.yahoo.com/http://www.shopping.yahoo.com/http://www.indiashopping.com/http://www.shopping.rediff.com/