H$mir AmB'© H$WmgJhmVrb mUXer g mOOrdZ...

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77 àH$aU {Vgao "H$mir AmB© ' H$Wmg§ hmVrb _mUXo er g_mOOrdZ Xe© Z 3.1 àmñVm{dH$ : àñVw V àH$aUm_Ü`o ì`§ H$Q>o e _mS>Jy iH$am§ À`m "H$mir AmB© ' `m H$Wmg§ hm_Yy Z _mUXo e n[agamVrb g_mOOrdZmMo Xe© Z H$emàH$mao Pmbo bo Amho . `mMm emo Y Ko Vbobm Amho . gm{hË` Am{U g_mO `m§ Mm AVy Q> Agm YAmho . Ë`m_w io M ì`§ H$Q>o e _mS>Jy iH$am§ À`m "H$mir AmB© ' `m H$Wmg§ J« hm_Yrb H$Wm§ _Yy Z _mUXo eMo g_mOOrdZ à{Vq~~rV Pmbo bo Amho . _hmamï´ >mVrb do Jdo Jù`m n[agamVrb g_mOOrdZ do Jdo Jio Amho . àË`o H$ n[aga Amnbo do Jio nU Ony Z Amnbr d¡ {eîQ>ço A~m{YV amIy Z Amho . Ë`mà_mUo _mUXo e n[agamVrb _mUgm§ Zr, {ZgJm© Zo , g_mOmZo gd© KQ>H$m§ Zr Amnbo do Jio nU Onbo bo Amho . Vo M do Jio nU XmI{dUmao KQ>H$ _mS>Jy iH$am§ À`m bo IUrVy Z ghO AdVabo bo Amho V. Ë`m_Ü`o _mUXo eMm {ZgJ© , _mUXo er Hw $Qw ~, _mUXo er g_mOOrdZ, _mUXo eMm n[aga `m KQ>H$m§ da do Jio nUmÀ`m d¡ {eîQ>çm§ Mr N>Q>m {XgVo . Ë`mMo g{dñVanUo {MÌU "H$mir AmB© ' `m H$Wmg§ hm_Ü`o Ambo bo Amho . Aer AZo H$ {eîQ>ço OnUmè`m _mUXo e g_mOOrdZmMm darb KQ>H$m§ À`m AmYmao emo Y Ko Ê`mMm à`ËZ ì`§ H$Q> o e _mS>Jy iH$am§ À`m "H$mir AmB© '`m H$Wmg§ hmÀ`m AmYmao Ho $bo bm Amho . PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

Transcript of H$mir AmB'© H$WmgJhmVrb mUXer g mOOrdZ...

Page 1: H$mir AmB'© H$WmgJhmVrb mUXer g mOOrdZ XeZshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4080/10/10_chapter 3.pdf · 77 àH$aU {Vga o "H$mir AmB'© H$WmgJhmVrb _mUXer g_mOOrdZ XeZ 3.1

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àH$aU {Vgao

"H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb _mUXoer g_mOOrdZ Xe©Z

3.1 àmñVm{dH$ :

àñVwV àH$aUm_Ü o ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m

H$Wmg§J«hm_YyZ _mUXoe n[agamVrb g_mOOrdZmMo Xe©Z H$emàH$mao Pmbobo

Amho. `mMm emoY KoVbobm Amho. gm{hË` Am{U g_mO `m§Mm AVyQ> Agm

~§YAmho. Ë`m_wioM ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Yrb

H$Wm§_YyZ _mUXoeMo g_mOOrdZ à{Vq~~rV Pmbobo Amho. _hmamï>mVrb

doJdoJù`m n[agamVrb g_mOOrdZ doJdoJio Amho. àË oH$ n[aga Amnbo

doJionU OnyZ Amnbr d¡{eîQ>ço A~m{YV amIyZ Amho. Ë`mà_mUo _mUXoe

n[agamVrb _mUgm§Zr, {ZgJm©Zo, g_mOmZo gd© KQ>H$m§Zr Amnbo doJionU Onbobo

Amho. VoM doJionU XmI{dUmao KQ>H$ _mS>JyiH$am§À`m boIUrVyZ ghO

AdVabobo AmhoV.

Ë`m_Ü`o _mUXoeMm {ZgJ©, _mUXoer Hw$Qw>§~, _mUXoer g_mOOrdZ,

_mUXoeMm n[aga `m KQ>H$m§da doJionUmÀ`m d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr N>Q>m {XgVo. Ë`mMo

g{dñVanUo {MÌU "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o Ambobo Amho. Aer AZoH$

d¡{eîQ>ço OnUmè`m _mUXoe g_mOOrdZmMm darb KQ>H$m§À`m AmYmao emoY

KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©'`m H$Wmg§J«hmÀ`m AmYmao

Ho$bobm Amho.

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_hmamï>mVrb AÝ` àXoemVrb g_mOOrdZmnojm _mUXoer g_mO {d{eï>Vm

OnyZ Amho. gm{hË` hm g_mOmMm Amagm AgVmo. Ë`m_wioM _mUXoer

g_mOOrdZmMo à{Vq~~ "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o nS>bobo AgUma ho

Zì`mZo gm§JÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. `m g_mOOrdZmMo à{Vq~~ "H$mir AmB©'

g§J«hmVrb H$Wm§VyZ H$go AmT>iyZ `oVo `mMr Vnerbdma _m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ

nwT>rb {ddoMZmV Ho$bm Amho.

3.2 "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb "_mUXoer _mUgm§Mr {d{dYVm':

J«m_rU gm{hË`mMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm boIH$mÀ`m AZw dmÀ`m n[agamMm

n[aUm_ Ë`m gm{hË`mV {XgyZ `oV AgVmo. n[agamZo Ë`m OrdZmbm AW©àmßV H$ê$Z

{Xbobm AgVmo. _mUXoe n[agamVrb _mUgm§À`m_Ü`o {d{eï>Vm Amho. Vr

{d{eï>Vm "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü`o ñnï> {XgVo. doJdoJù`m d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr

_mUgo `oWo AmhoV. àË oH$ _mUyg ñdV§Ì ì`ŠVr_Îd YmaU Ho$bobm {XgVmo.

_mUXoemVrb _mUgo {OX²XrZo OrdZ OJVmZm {XgVmV. _mUXoer _mUgm§Mm `oWrb

_mVrer ^md~§Y OIS>bobm {XgVmo. Ë`m§Zr _mVrer ZmVo {Z_m©U Ho$bobo Amho.

Ë`m§À`m_Ü`o AgUmar d¡{eîQ>ço Ë`m§Zm Ë`m _mVrVyZ {_imbobr AmhoV Ago dmQ>Vo.

_mUXoe n[agamVrb {d{dY arVr-[admO, na§nam, AmMma-{dMmam§er `oWrb

_mUgm§Mm AVyQ> Agm ^md~§Y OmoS>bobm Amho. H$maU `m gd© H$Wm§VJ©V {M{ÌV

Pmboë`m _mUgm§Mo OJUo nma§n[aH$ Amho.

_mUXoe n[agamMm à^md oWrb _mUgm§À`mda nS>bobm Amho. BOmßnm

H§w$^ma, "Amßnm åhmVmam', "a_m~mB©', "H$_ir', "Z~rImZ Xadoer', "Zm_m

gwT>mi', "bobo _mñVa' hr _mUgo eodQ>n`©V {OX²XrZo Am`wî` OJVmV. Va

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"nwVim', "JmoHy$im', "^moOm', "BOmßnmMr gyZ', "^mdS>çm' hr _mUgo OrdZmH$S>o

Jm§ r`m©Zo nmhV ZmhrV. Iwemb M|Sy> AmhoV. _mUXoemVrb {ñÌ`m gwÜXm

{OX²XrMrM CXmhaUo AmhoV. "a_m~mB©', "H$_ir' gma»`m pñÌ`m Am wî`

AmdmhZ åhUyZ nwT>o C^o AgVmZm OrdZ OJVmZm {XgVmV. VgoM Xw:Imbm gm_moao

OmVmV.

_mUXoemVrb _mUgo H$ï> H$aUmar AmhoV. VerM Vr _mUgo ~oaH$s gwÜXm

AmhoV. nU gmVË`mZo H$m_ H$aUmar hr _mUgo {ZgJm©À`m hmVmVrb ~mhþbo AmhoV.

"H$mir AmB©'da ào_ AgUmam Amßnm åhmVmam. emioda ào_ H$aUmao "bobo _mñVa'

hr `m g§J«hmVrb AjaboUr AmhoV. àË`oH$ _mUyg Xwgè`mnojm doJimM Amho hr

gd© _mUgo {Oìhmù`mMo {hVg§~§Y OnVmZm {XgVmV. _wŠ`m àmÊ`mda OrdmnmS>

ào_ H$aUmam "Z~rImZ Xadoer' hm doJù`m qnS>mMm _mUyg dmQ>Vmo. "XoZm Ýhmdr',

"_mñVarU~mB©', "~mOramd', "dm_Zamd', "{XnmOr', "gUJa', "XÎmmam_', "~m~y',

"_ram', "Voë`mMm _wbJm', "JwUm AmB©', "~ir am_moer' `m gmaIr AZoH$ nmÌo

"H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmV oVmV Am{U _mUXoeÀ`m _mUgm§Mr {d{eï>Vm XmIdyZ

OmVmV.

"gìhug _moQ>a' _Yrb "BOmßnm':

qb~mImbr _S>H$s KS>rV ~gUmam BOmßmm earamZo hmS>m§EodOr Ë`mÀ`m

A§JmV nmobmXmÀ`m H$m§ã`m AmYmamgmR>r Agmì`mV, {g_|Q>À`m B_maVr ~m§YVmZm

KmbVmV, Vem Am{U dagwÜXm VgoM H$S>H$ {g_|Q> qbnyZ {Xbo Agmdo Agm

_O~yVnUm Ë`mÀ`m earambm hmoVm. nU gw~H$nUm, aoIrdnUm Agm ZìhVmM

gmam ^a ^ŠH$_nUmda hmoVm. AmoR>mda ^aKmog {_em S>moB©bm H$mhrgo Jw§S>miyZ

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CKS>mdmKS>mM _S>H$s R>moH$sV, {MIb _irV, MmH$ [\$adrV Vmo KamnwT>o {Xgo.

Jmdm_Ü o _moQ>ma `oUma ho g_Oë`mda AñdñW hmoVmo. _moQ>ma åhUOo n¡gm

CH$iÊ`mMm Y§Xm Amho Ago Vmo _mZVmo. JmS>r åhUOo Jmdmbm Ambobr AdXgm

Amho. nU ^moOm CbQ>m ~mobVmo Voìhm _mÌ BOmßnm ~mobV Zmhr. _wbmZo hm°Q>ob gwê$

Ho$bo Var ~mobV Zmhr. nU Ooìhm S>m`ìhaMo Am{U gyZoMo Mmio BOmßnm nmhVmo Voìhm

_mÌ Amnë`m ~iH$Q> hmVmZo _mam`bm Vmo H$_r H$aV Zmhr. Á`m _moQ>marZo Ë`mÀ`m

KamXmamMm, JmdmMm {dÜd§g Ho$bm Ë`m _moQ>marda gwÜXm Imoè`mZo _mam`bm Vmo _mJo

nwT>o nmhmV Zmhr. Am{U KamV OmdyZ ^wB©da BOmßnm A§J bmoQy>Z JnMrn nS>Vmo.

"gìhug _moQ>ma'_Yrb "^moOm':

BOmßnmMm _wbJm Amho. ^moOm BOmßnmÀ`m nmoQ>r MwHy$Z Ambm Ago dmQ>Vo.

Ë`mMr A§JbQ> AJXrM {H$aH$moi Amho. _X©nUmMr nm¡ê$fmMr {ZemUr Aer XmT>r

{_erhr Ë`mbm \w$Q>bobr Zmhr. nU ^moOmbm H$mIobm KoD$Z {\$aob Aer Ë`mMr

~m`H$mo hmoVr. ^moOm JmdmVë`m Q>½`m bmoH$m§er g§~§Y R>odyZ AmnUhr Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s

AmhmoV Ago ^mgdo. JmdmV _moQ>ma oUma `mMm AmZ§X Ë`mbm hmoVmo. JmdmV

Amboë`m _moQ>marbm bmoH$m§Zm hmV bmdy XoV Zmhr. BOmßnm Ooìhm XmamV JmS>r C^m

H$aÊ`m~X²Xb ~mobVmo Voìhm ^moOm CbQ>m ~mobVmo. ^moOm S>m`ìhaÀ`m

gm§JÊ`mdê$Z, JmdmV hm°Q>ob gwê$ H$aVmo. BOmßnmMm ^moOm åhUOo ~mn-

boH$m§À`m_Yrb àM§S> {damoYm^mg.

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"`m XÎmmam_Mo Pmbo H$m` ?' _Yrb "XÎmmam_':

XÎmmam_Mo eara ~oS>m¡b gwQ>bobo hmoVo. AYu-MS>²S>r d gXam KmbyZ Vmo

emiobm OmV Ago. dmQ>oV Vmo BH$S>o-{VH$S>o gwÜXm ~KV Zgo. _wbo Jm|Yi H$aV

Agbr Var XÎmmam_ em§V Ago. Ë`mMr ñ_aU eŠVrhr H$_r hmoVr. J°g~ÎmrMm

AmdmO `mdm Ago Vmo dmMV AgVmo. Ë`mZo H$Yr ImoS> H$mT>br Zmhr. H$Yr

_mam_mar Ho$br Zmhr. nU XÎmmam_À`m AmB©bm Ë`mMr H$miOr AgVo. Ë`mÀ`m

dmJÊ`mV ~Xb ìhmdm åhUyZ Ë`mbm _obqZ~À`m hm`ñHy$bmV {eH$m`bm

nmR>dVmV. VoWyZ hm {Zînmn, {ZamJg _mUXoemVrb {dÚmWu Kar nÌ nmR>dV

Ago. nU ~oMmirgÀ`m MidirV _moS>{Z~§Mo hm`ñHy$b Oimë`mMr ~mV_r

Ambr. Voìhm nmgyZ XÎmmam_Mo nÌ Ambo Zmhr. _mUXoemVrb doJioM ì`ŠVr_Îd

åhUOo XÎmmam_ hm {dÚmWr© H$WoV `oVmo. {ZdoXH$ _mÌ `m XÎmmam_Mo Pmbo H$m`?

Agm àíZ {dMmê$Z dmMH$m§À`mda hdmbm gmoS>Vmo. hm XÎmmam_ lr._. _mQ>o `m§À`m

~ÝgrYamMr AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoVmo.

"`m XÎmmam_Mo Pmbo H$m` ?' _Yrb "XÎmmam_Mr AmB©':

nVr dm_Zamdm§À`m à_mUo Mma _mUgm§V Z {_giUmam Amnbm _wbJm

XÎmmam_ hmoD$ Z`o `mMr H$miOr KoUmar _mUXoemVrb EH$ {OX²>Xr AmB© {M{ÌV

Ho$bobr Amho. Ë`mgmR>r XÎmmam_H$S>o gmaIo Vr bj nwadrV AgVo. nU XwX£d

Ë`mMr nmR> gmoS>V ZgVo. _wbJm nmÊ`mV nS>ë`m{edm` nmohm`bm {eH$Uma Zmhr

åhUyZ _moS>qb~bm emiobm nmR>dVmV. AmB©bm XÎmmam_Mr AmR>dU `oV AgVo nU

AmB© _wbmÀ`m ^{dî`mMm {dMma H$ê$Z H$R>moa hmoVo. nwT>o XÎmmam_Mr emim Oimbr

Voìhm gwÜXm AmB© H$R>moa dmJbr. nU XÎmmam_ Kar Ambm Zmhr Voìhm _mÌ gJir

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ehao nmbWr KmVbr, Vwê§$J nmbWo KmVbo. doS>r{ner hmoD$Z gmao Cnm` H$arV

am{hbr. BVH$s H$R>moa AmB© nwT>o _mÌ \$maM IMbr. {^H$mar, XmT>rdmbm Ambm

H$s Ë`mbm Ý`mhmirV amhVo. àg§Jr H$R>moa dmJUmar nU H$mo_b öX`mMr AmB©

{XgVo.

"H$mir AmB©' _Yrb "Amßnm åhmVmam':

_mUXoeÀ`m eoVH$è`m§À`m _ZmV eoVr~X²Xb AmVmoZmV ào_ åhUyZ Va {Vbm

"H$mir AmB©' g§~moYVmV. Ë`m_mVrer Ë`m§Mo AVyQ> g§~§Y OmoS>bobo AgVmV.

Amßnm§Mr C^r h`mV H$mù`m AmB©Mr godm H$aÊ`mV Jobobr, nU Am`wî`mMm gaVm

H$mi Ambm Voìhm H$mù`m AmB©Mr godm Amnë`m hmVyZ hmoV Zmhr åhUyZ Amßnm

Xw:Ir AmhoV. Á`m H$mir da Ë`m§Mo ào_ hmoVo ho Vr "H$mir AmB©' åhmVmanUm_wio

Ë`mZm XwamdUma hmoVr. Ë`mV Amßnm§Zm _wbJm ZìhVm Ë`m_wioM gaË`m H$mimVbo

Xw:I _moR>o hmoVo. Amnbr O_rZ CÚm Xwgè`mMr hmoUma AmnU H¥$V¿Z AmhmoV Ago

Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V AgVo. åhUyZM Vo O_rZ {dH$m`bm ZH$ma XoVmV. Amßnm

åhmVmè`mgmaIr O{_Zrda OrdmnmS> ào_ H$aUmar {H$VrVar _mUg§ _mUXoemV

AmhoV ho "H$mir AmB©' H$Wodê$Z bjmV `oVo.

"bobo _mñVa' _Yrb "bobo _mñVa' :

_mUXoemVrb gw{e{jV g_mOmVrb ì`pŠV_Ëd åhUOo bobo _mñVa hmo .

_mUXoemVë`m emio_Yrb hm H$S>H$ {eñVrMm {ejH$ gJi§ Am wî` {ejU

joÌmgmR>r IMu KmbVmo. EImXm _wbJm añË`mda {Xgbm H$s, Ë`mbm emiobm

`oÊ`mMm AmJ«h Vo YaVmV, Ë`m§À`m nmbH$m§Zm gm§JVmV. emioV _mÌ Ë`m§Mr {eñV

A{Ve` H$S>H$ hmoVr. gJir _wb§ Ë`m§Zm Km~aV AgV nU Kar _mÌ Ë`m§Mm

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{VVH$mgm à^md ZìhVm Ë`m§À`m nmoQ>r {dÐH$ë`mUr nmoa hmoVm. Ë`m§Mr _ram

{_b{_em Voë`mÀ`m _wbmer gbJrZo dmJo. gXm _mÌ JwUr _wbJm hmoVm.

{dÚmÏ`m©gmR>r hm`ñHy$b ~m§Ymdo `mgmR>r _mñVamZr dJ©Ur Jmoim Ho$br. nU _mñVa

_mÌ ~Zr ZmdmÀ`m _wbr_wio ~XZm_ Pmbo. Ë`m§Mr _wbJr Voë`mMm hmV Yê$Z {ZKyZ

Jobr. ~mB© _mñVam§Zm \$S>m\$S>m ~mobë`m Am{U EH$ {Xdg ZmoH$arMm amOrZm_m

XoD$Z _mñVa {ZKyZ Jobo. EImÚm dmÊ`mÀ`m XwH$mZmV O_m-IM© {bhrZ nU

{ejH$ hmoUma Zmhr BVnV Vo {dMma H$aVmV. hmS>mMm H$UIa, AmdS>rÀ`m

H$m_mda ào_ H$aUmam. nU g_mO {~KS>bm, KamVrb _wbo {damoYmV dmJy bmJbr

Va _mUXoer _mUyg AmdS>rÀ`m joÌmMr {H$Vr K¥Um H$ê$ bmJVmo ho "bobo _mñVa'

H$WoVrb "bobo _mñVa' `m nmÌmdê$Z ñnï> hmoVo.

"JwUm AmB©' _Yrb "JwUm AmB©' :

_mUXoeÀ`m _mUgm§À`m _ZmMm _moR>onUm XmI{dUmao nmÌ åhUOo "JwUm

AmB©' hmo . _mUXoemV dmT>bobr "JwUm AmB©'nwê$fm§À`m à_mUo H$m_ H$aVo. AmB©

dmaë`mZ§Va {VMm ~mnmZo gm§ mi Ho$bm {VÀ`mVyZ _mUXoer _mUgm§À`m {OX²XrMo

Xe©Z KS>Vo. n¡bdmZ {VÀ`mH$S>o ~KyZ _wX²Xm_ X§S> WmonQ>Vmo Ë`mMm amJ _ZmV R>odyZ

Ë`mMm gyS> KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Vr H$aVo. Ë`mM {OX²XrZo {VMm nVr gwÜXm n¡bdmZmbm

nam^yV H$aVmo. nU XwX£d AmS>do `oVo {Vbm _yb hmoV Zmhr. JwUm _mÌ Amnë`m

Zdè`mMo Xwgao b½Z bmdyZ XoVo. Ë`mV {VÀ`m _ZmMm _moR>onUm {XgVmo.

H¥${fg§ñH¥$Vr_Yrb ñÌr-ñd^mdmVbr dmñVdVm _mS>JyiH$a `m H$WoV {Q>nVmZm

{XgVmV.

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"Zm_m gwT>mimMo gwI Xw:I' _Yrb "Zm_m gwT>mi':

Zm_m hm _mUXoer _mUyg AmZ§X {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aVmo. Ë`mbm _mÌ

Xw:IM H$m`_ Ambobo AgVo. Ë`mÀ`m _ZmMr g§ «_mdñWm AgVo. _mUXoer

_mUgmbm XmamVrb JmB©bm Im|S> hmoUma Agob Va AmZ§X hmoVmo. KamV Jm`rMo XwY

ß`m`bm nmoa oUma åhQ>ë`mZ§Va Ë`mMm AmZ§X {ÛJwUrV hmoVmo. nU Vmo AmZ§X \$ma

H$mi {Q>H$V Zmhr. Jm`rMm J^© nmoQ>mVM {OaVmo. nU Zm_m gwT>mimbm _wbJm

hmoVmo. Ë`mbm AmZ§X hmoVmo. Vmo åhUVmo. ""Xodm, _r \w$H$m Vw_Mm g§e` KoVbm.

CJrM Vwåhm§da AmJ nmIS>br. _mÂ`m J[a~m§H$S>o Vwåhr ~{KVb§. AmZ§XrAmZ§X

Ho$bm !''1

Aer hr _mUXoer _mUgo gwI Xw:ImV XodmMmM AmR>d H$aVmV. Am{U hr

X¡ddmXrd¥Îmr `m _mUgm§À`m hmS>r_mgr {Iibobr Amho.

"~irMr Jmoï>' _Yrb "~ir am_moer' :

~ir am_moer ho _mUXoemVrb ñnï> ~mobUmao nmÌ Amho. Vmo Jar~ Amho nU

pñÌ`m§{df`r Ë`mMo nma§n[aH$ J¡ag_O AmhoV. ~m`H$m§gmaIr YmoHo$~mO Xwgar OmV

Zmhr Ago Vmo Zoh_r åhUVmo. ~m`H$m XJm XoVmV Ago Vmo gm§JVmo. Ë`mMm Amnë`m

~m`H$moda \$ma {dídmg hmoVm nU {VM ~irMm {dídmgKmV H$aVo Am{U ì`{^Mma

H$aVo. Vmo {Vbm _maPmoS> H$aVmZm H$_r H$aV Zmhr. {VÀ`m S>moŠ`mV XJS> KmbyZ

IyZ H$aVmo. Vwê§$J nmM-ghm df} ^moJbm Var Ë`mbm Ë`mMo H$mhrhr dmQ>V Zmhr.

`m H$WoV ~ir _mUXoemVrb am_moer OmVrMo d¡{eîQ>ç gm§JyZ OmVmo. ""am_moí`m§Zm

Vwê§$JmM§ H$m` ?''2 hr Ë`Mr OJÊ`mMr YmaUm.

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nU hmM ~ir Amnbr {MÎma H$hmUr {ZdoXH$mbm gm§JVmZm _mÌ

gmYm,^moim d gai ñd^mdmMm dmQ>Vmo. Amnbr H$Wm ~wH$m§VyZ N>mnÊ`mMm AmJ«h

H$aVmo. Agm ~ir am_moer Am wî`mV VmdyZ gwbmIyZ {ZKmbm Agbm Var Amnbo

Xw:I Vmo OJmg_moa _m§S>Vmo.

"Xadoer' _Yrb "Z~rImZ Xadoer' :

Z~rImZ Jar~ nU {OX²XrZo OrdZ OJUmam, Vmo Añdbm{edm` OrdZM

OJy eH$V ZìhVm. Ë`m§À`m OrdZmMm EH$_oH$m§er g§~§Y OmoS>bobm hmoVm.

Añdbm{edm` Ë`mbm H$moU YmÝ` dmT>V Zmhr åhUyZ Vmo Añdb {dH$V KoVmo nU

n¡go H$moRy>Z AmUbo `mMo _moK_ CÎma XoB©. Añdbmbm Mm§Jbr Vmbr_ {Xbr. amoO

^anya ImD$Z Añdb Mm§Jbo Q>UQ>UrV Pmbo. nU Z~rImZÀ`m {OX²Xrbm

XwîH$mimMo g§H$Q> AmS>do Ambo. bmoH$m§Zr Z~rbm Añdb {dH$Ê`mgmR>r gm§{JVbo.

nU Ë`m OZmdam~X²Xb AgUmè`m ào_mImVa Ë`mZo {dH$bo Zmhr. Am{U Vo OZmda

_obo. XadoemÀ`m OJÊ`mMm AmYma Añdb. Vo Ooìhm _aVo Voìhm KamVrb EH$mXm

_mUyg _amdm Vgm Z~rImZ Jim H$mTy>Z aS>Vmo. BVH$m Ord Ë`mMm Ë`m _wŠ`m

àmÊ`mda hmoVm. Ë`mMm MVwanUm Jmd gmoSy>Z OmVmZm bjmV `oVmo. AñdbmgmR>r

XoZm Ýhmì`mH$Sy>Z KoVbobo n¡go OmV n§Mm`V ~gbr, Voìhm Ë`m n¡em~Ôb Jmdmda

hdmbm gmoSy>Z [aH$m_m hmoVmo. Am{U Hw$Umbmhr Z gm§JVm XoZmMo n¡go ~wSdyZ Vmo

{ZKyZ OmVmo.

"JmoHw$im' _Yrb "JmoHw$im' :

_mUXoeÀ`m pñÌ`mM§ d¡{eîQ>ç hr JmoHw$im gm§JVo. {VM§ hgU ZIao~mO

Amho. {Vbm ZrVrÀ`m, erbmÀ`m H$ënZm R>mD$H$ ZmhrV. {VÀ`m AmB©Zo {Vbm

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^ŠH$_ nmoamÀ`m nXamV Q>mH$br. Zdè`mMm Hw$U~rH$sMm ì`dgm` hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m

Hw$U~mì`mMr Vr CñVdmar H$ar nU {VMm ~mhoaMm ZmX gwQ>bm Zmhr. JmdmVbr

H$maQ>r `m Zm Ë`m H$maUmZ§ {XnmOrÀ`m amZmV {KaQ²>Q>çm Kmbm`Mr. hr ~mV_r

{XnmOrÀ`m H$mZmda Jobr. {XnmOrZo JmoHw$imbm _ma_ma _mabr. {VZo Zdam

_mabm. nU Zdam _oë`mZ§Va JmoHw$im åhUVo. ""_obm ^mS>çm Amnë`m _aZmZ§

Agbm Zdam Agbm Zgbm gmaH$mM. _mO§ H$m` d§? _r H$m` bwirnm§Jir

hm`?''3 JmoHw$im ~miŠ`m ~m_Umer gyV O_{dVo. Hw$Uã`m ~mß`m~amo~a g§~§Y

R>ody bmJVo. Am{U eodQ>r ImUXoemV b½Z H$aVo. g§gma WmQ>Vo. _mUXoemVrb hr

JmoHw$im Amnbo Am wî` H$go KmbdVo ho bjmV `oVo.

"JmoHw$im' _Yrb "{XnmOr' :

_ZmMm {hadQ> Am{U hmS>mMm n¡bdmZ, gm§O gH$mir YmamoîU XyY {nD$Z

Ë`mMr JX©Z ado~mO hmoVr. Vmb_rVë`m _mVrZ§ Ë`mM A§J Am{U YmoVa, Hw$S>V§

h_oem nwQ>mdbob§ Ago. KamV YmÝ`mÀ`m R>obr bmJboë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mbm ~m`H$mo

_mÌ C\$amQ>çm H$miOmMr {_imbr _J Ë`mMm g§gma H$gm hmoUma hm àíZM hmoVm.

{VÀ`m ~mhoaÀ`m ZmXmZ§ EH$ {Xdg {XnmOr hanbm. JmdmV ~mB©Zo B©I KmbyZ

{XnmOrbm _mabm Agm JdJdm CR>bm, H$gm H$m AgoZm eoVmV H$îQ> H$aUmam,

earag§nXm g§ mibobm {XnmOr _obm. Ë`mÀ`m _¥Ë`ybm àË`j Ë`mMr ~m`H$mo

H$maU R>amdr hm Y¸$m hr H$Wm XoVo.

"H$_ir' _Yrb "H$_ir':

H$_ir, _mUXoer _mUgm§À`m _Ü o doJionUm KoD$Z `oVo. _mUXoemVbr hr

{dYdm godm gXZmV amhVo. {VZo KamV ~aoM {Xdg amhÿZ Z§Va godmgXZmV

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{ejUmMr gwê$dmV Ho$br. nwT>o Vr _°{Q>H$ Pmbr Am{U nwZ{d©dmh Ho$bm. nU

Ë`mVhr {Vbm gmi§wIo ZmdmÀ`m _¡{ÌUrMr AmoT> Amho. VgoM {Vbm

~mb{_Ìm§~X²Xb ào_mMr AmoT> Amho. XmoKm§À`m_Ü o AZm{_H$ AmoT> hmoVr. XmoKm§Zr

{_iyZ Ho$bobm àdmg {VÀ`m ñ_aUmV Amho. Ë`m {dYdobm _mÌ KamVrb bmoH$

{hS>rg {\$S>rg H$aVmV. Voìhm _mÌ OrdZm~X²Xb Vr CXmg hmoVo. H$_ir dê$Z

_mUXoemV gwYmaUm§Mo dmao {H$VnV Ambobo Amho ho bjmV oVo.

ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hmV `oUmè`m ì`ŠVr

d¡{eîQ>çm§Mo doJionU KoD$Z `oVmV. BOmßnm Hw§$^ma A{e{jV Amho nU Ë`mbm

gpìh©g _moQ>ma JmdmV Amë`mZ§Va H$m` n[aUm_ hmoB©b `mMr OmUrd Amho. d`mZo

_moR>m VgmM AZw dmZo hr BOmßnm _moR>m Amho. XÎmmam_ {Zînmn Amho. earamZo

ñWyb Agë`mZo AmB©Mr ñdßZo nwU© H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. XoZm Ýhmì`mgmaIr _mUgo

n¡gm KoD$Z \$gVmV Voìhm JmdJmS>çmV Ë`m§Mm {dMma hmoV Zmhr. JmoHw$imgmaIr

~mB© Zdè`mbm _maVo. ì`m{^Mma H$aVo. eodQ>r ImUXoemV OmdyZ b½Z H$aVo.

nwÝhm àn§M H$aVo. Aer _Zmbm `oB©b Ë`mà_mUo dmJUmar Vr ñÌr Amho.

EImÚm {MÌm_Ü o {d{dY a§JmMm dmna H$ê$Z Ogo {MÌ a§Jdmdo Am{U Vo

AmH$f©H$ ìhmdo Vgm "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«h _mUXoeÀ`m ì`ŠVr d¡{eîQ>çm§_wio

AmH$f©H$ Pmbobm Amho. `m H$Wmg§J«hmVrb àË`oH$ _mUyg Xwgè`m _mUgm§À`m nojm

doJim {XgVmo. nmoemI, ñd^md, AmMma-{dMma `m gdmªÀ`m_Ü o ^oX Amho.

`mVyZM _mUXoeMo {d{dYm§Jr g_mOOrdZ bjmV oVo. AemàH$mao "H$mir AmB©'

g§J«hmVrb ì`pŠV{MÌUmMr {d{dYVm AmnUmg ì`pŠVd¡{eîQ>çm§Mo doJionU bjmV

AmUyZ XoVo.

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3.3 "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb "_mUXoer H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ OrdZ':

J«m_rU H$WoV g_mOOrdZmMo à{Vq~~ {XgVo. g_mOOrdZmMm Hw$Qw>§~ hm

EH$ _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ AgVmo. g_mOm_Yrb Hw$Qw>§~ g§ñWm hr à_wI g§ñWm Amho.

Ë`m_wioM Ë`mMo {MÌU gm{hË`mV {XgyZ oVo. gm{hË` g_mOmnmgyZ {dbJ H$aVm

`oV Zmhr. VgoM g_mOmnmgyZ Hw$Qw§~ ~mOybm H$aVm oV Zmhr. àXoemZwgma

H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ OrdZmV ^oX Agy eH$VmV. ho Ë`m Ë`m àXoemMo R>iH$ d¡{eï> o åhUmdo

bmJVo. ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o ~«måhU, H§w$^ma,

Hw$U~r BË`mXr OmVr ^oXmZwgma ñnï> hmoUmar Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr {MÌUo Ambobr AmhoV.

Hw$Qw>§~m_Yrb nañnam§Mo hodoXmdo `m§Mo {MÌU Ambobo Amho. _mUXoemVrb Hw$Qw§~

OrdZmVrb gwI Xw:ImMo {MÌU "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmV Ambobo Amho. Ë`m§Mr

d¡{eîQ>ço nwT>rbà_mUo ñnï> H$aVm `oVrb.

"gpìh©g _moQ>ma' `m H$WoV IoS>`mVrb ~bwVoXma§rMo H§w$^mamMo Hw$Qw>§~ Ambobo

Amho. Ë`m§Mo Ka |S>mÀ`m { §Vr Am{U da H$mS>mMo N>ßna Amho. Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mMm

à_wI BOmßnm Hw§$^ma Amho. Ë`mÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~m_Ü o BOmßnmMm _wbJm ^moOm Am{U gyZ

BVH$s VrZM _mUgo AmhoV. Ë`mÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m _XVrbm JmT>dm§Mr OmoS>r hmoVr.

Hw§$^mamMo ho Hw$Qw>§~ JmdmV EH$M. Vohr nma§n[aH$ ì`dgm` H$ê$Z gwadmV hmoVo.

{nT>rOmV Y§Xm Mm§Jbm hmoVm. KmJar, _S>H$s, am§OU, S>oao, g§H«$m§Vr, nUË`m KamoKar

nmoMË`m H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ ho Hw$Qw>w§~ H$aV Ago. Ë`m _mo~Xë`mV Ë`m§Zm ~bwV§ {_iV

Ago. nU JmdmV "gpìh©g _moQ>ma' Ambr Am{U `m Hw$Qw>§~mMr dmVmhV Pmbr.

åhmVmè`mMo Am{U ^moOmMo nQ>bo Zmhr. BOmßnm em§V am{hbm. ^moOmZo hmQ>ob gwê$

Ho$bo. nU Ë`m_wio Zoh_r em§V AgUmar ^moOmMr ~m`H$mo {~KS>br.

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`m§{ÌH$sH$aUmMm n[aUm_ IoS>çmVrb nma§n[aH$ ~bwVoXmar ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m

Hw$Qw>§~mda H$gm hmoVmo Am{U Ë`mVyZ Vo Hw$Qw>§~ H$go _moS>H$irg oVo `mMo {MÌU

"gpìh©g _moQ>ma' hr H$Wm g_W©nUo H$aVo.

"XÎmmam_Mo Pmbo H$m`?' `m H$Wo_Ü`o IoS>çmVrb ~«måhU Hw$Qw>§~ Ambobo

Amho. d`mod¥ÜX ~mOramdm§Mm _wbJm dm_Zamd àH¥$VrZo ~am hmoVm. nU OJmV

_moH$ionUmZo Vmo H$Yr dmJbm Zmhr. Ë`m§Mr nËZr _mÌ _moR>r H$V©©¥ËdmZ hmoVr.

Amnbm Zdam _wIXw~©i Amho. Cä`m h`mVrV Ë`mÀ`m hmVyZ H$mhr Pmbo Zmhr. `m

Jmoï>rMr MrS> {Vbm OmirV hmoVr. åhUyZ bhmZ nmoam§À`mda Vr bj XoVo. KamVrb

nwê$f H$_Hw$dV Agob Va g§gmamMm JmT>m AmoT>Ê`mMr O~m~Xmar {H$Vr {OX²XrZo

ñÌr nma nmS>Vo. `mMo EH$ CXmhaU åhUyZ `m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb a_m~mBªÀ`mH$S>o nmhVm

`oB©b. eodQ>r Ë`m ~«måhU Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m dmQ>çmbm _mÌ Xw:I oVo.

"H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wo_Ü`o Amßnm åhmVmam Hw$Qw§~mV EH$Q>mM Amho. Ë`mbm

H$moUrhr Zmhr. gmWrÀ`m amoJmV Ë`m§Mr XmoZ H$Vw©H$sbm Ambobr _wbo, Ë`m§Mm

KaJmS>m aoQ>Umar H$amar ~m`H$mo ~KVm ~KVm {ZKyZ Jobr. Amßnm EH$Q>oM am{hbo.

Amßnm EH$Q>o amhVmZm Ë`m§À`m gmWrbm S>nù`m amOm ZmdmMr ~¡bo, T>dir Jm`,

{VMo VmÝho dmgê$ Amho. Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _mUgo Jobr Varhr Amßnm _mÌ OZmdam§Zm Ord

bmdyZ AmhoV. Ë`m§À`mnwT>o O{_ZrMm àíZ C^m AgVmo Am{U ^mdH$sVbm ^mdS>çm

Ë`m§À`m O{_Zrda Q>nbobm AgVmo. `mM H$WoV Ambobo gwXm_XmOtMo Hw$Qw>§~ _moR>o

Amho. lr_§V Amho. åhUyZM Va Vo Amßnm åhmVmè`mMr O_rZ {dH$V ¿`m`bm

{ZKmbobo AmhoV.

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"bobo _mñVa' `m H$WoV bobo _mñVam§Mo Hw$Qw>§~ {XgVo. Ë`m§Mr nËZr

_mñVarU~mB© hr _mñVam§Mr Xwgar ~m`H$mo Amho. n{hë`m ~m`H$mobm _mñVam§Zr

Q>mHy$Z {Xbobo Amho. Ë`m§Mm gdm©V _moR>m _wbJm am_ Ë`mbm {~S>çm AmoT>Ê`mMm ZmX

Amho. Ë`m§Mr _wbJr _ram, _mñVam§Zr Jar~ åhUyZ Hw$Qw>§~mV R>odyZ KoVboë`m

Voë`mÀ`m _wbmer b½Z H$aVo. Ooìhm ~mZr Am{U _mñVam§~X²Xb Jmdm_Ü o dmXi

CR>Vo Voìhm _moR>m _wbJm {ZdoXH$mbm åhUVmo ""Vr ~K, _mPr AmB© Mmbbr

Amho !''4 EImXr Oar MyH$ Pmbr Var Hw$Qw>§~mVrb bmoH$ H$go {damoYmV nwT>o

R>mH$VmV ho "bobo _mñVam§À`m' Hw$Qw>§~mdê$Z bjmV oVo. eodQ>r Ë`m§Mo Hw$Qw>§~ Jmd

gmoSy>Z OmVo.

"JwUm AmB©' `m H$WoVrb JwUmMo Hw$Qw>§~ EH$ doJioM d¡{eï> KoD$Z Ambobo

Amho. Hw$Qw>§~m_Ü`o bhmZ _wbm§Mo ñWmZ H$go AgVo ho "JwUm AmB©' À`m Hw$Qw>§~mdê$Z

bjmV `oVo. Amnë`mbm _yb hmoV Zmhr ho Ooìhm JwUmÀ`m bjmV `oVo Voìhm JwUm

Amnë`m nVrMo Xwgao b½Z ñdV: bmdyZ XoVo. EImÚm nmoŠV ~{hUrZo Amnë`m

^mdmÀ`m ~m`H$moMo bmS> H$amdoV VgoM Vr Amnë`m gdVrMo bmS> H$aVo. nU

eodQ>r ñdV:hÿZ OrdZ g§ndyZ Q>mH$Umar JwUm Hw$Qw>§~mMo gwI nmhUmar Amho.

Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m gwImV Amnbo gwI _mZUmar hr _mUXoer _mUgm§_Yrb {d{MÌ CXmaVm

d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Amho. "Zm_m gwT>mimMo Xw:I' `m H$WoV Zm_m gwT>mi `m eoVH$è`mMo

Hw$Qw>§~ Amho. `m Hw$Qw>§~mV Zm_m Am{U Ë`mMr ~m`H$mo XmoKoOU AmhoV. nU KamV

bhmZ _wb Zgob Va Ë`m Hw$Qw>§~mMr H$er AdñWm hmoVo ho `m H$Wodê$Z bjmV `oVo.

Hw$Qw>§~mV _wb `oUma åhUyZ Ë`mMo Hw$Qw>§~ AmZ§Xr Amho. nU Jm`rÀ`m nmoQ>mVrb J^©

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{OaVmo Voìhm _mÌ Ë`m§Mr doJirM Kmb_ob hmoVo. Zm_m gwT>mimbm _wbJm

Pmë`mZ§Va ho Hw$Qw>§~ AmZ§XrV hmoVo.

darb XmoÝhr H$Wm§_Ü`o AnË`ào_mMm {df` Ambobm Amho. gm_mÝ`V: Vmo

gd©Ì gma»`mM ^mdZoZo KoVbm OmVmo. nU Jar~ J«m_rU Hw$Qw>§~mVrb AnË` ào_mMr

hr XmoZ CXmhaUo _mUgm§Vrb EH$m _yb^yV ñÌmoVmMo Xe©Z KS>dVmV.

"~irMr Jmoï>' `m H$WoV ~irÀ`m CX²ÜdñV Hw$Qw>§~mMo {MÌU `oVo. Ë`mÀ`m

~m`H$moZo MwbV^mdm ~amo~a ì`{^Mma Ho$bm åhUyZ ~ir {VMm IyZ H$aVmo Am{U

nmM-ghm df} Vwê§$Jdmg ^moJyZ oVmo. n{VnËZr ZmË`mVrb VUmd H$m¡Qw>§{~H$

OrdZmÀ`m A§Vmbm H$maU ~ZVmo hr dada gmYr dmQ>Umar Jmoï> Ooìhm "H$Wm' ~ZVo

Voìhm Ë`mVrb YJ OmUdy bmJVo.

"Xadoer'`m H$WoV, J«m_rU ^mJmV AZoH$ Hw$Qw>§~o ^Q>H§$Vr H$ê$Z OrdZ OJV

AgVmV. Ë`mn¡H$sM XadoemMo EH$ Hw$Qw>§~ {MÌU Amho. `m Hw$Qw>§~mMm OJÊ`mMm

AmYma Añdb hm àmUr Amho. Ë`mMm Ioi H$ê$Z CXa{Zdm©h Mmbdm`Mm. hm

^Q>Š`m XadoemMm nma§n[aH$ ì`dgm`. Añdb Zgob Va Ë`m§Zm Cnmg_marMr doi

`oVo. `m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gJù`m§Mm _mUgm§Mm AñdbmV Ord J§wVbobm Amho.

Ë`m_wioM Z~rImZ Añdb {dH$m`bm V`ma ZgVmo.

"_mP§ JwUr OZmda§' `m H$WoV gUJamMo Hw$Qw>§~ Amho. gUJamÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mV

Ë`mMr ~m`H$mo Am{U AYm© S>PZ nmoao AmhoV. boH$sÀ`m b½ZmgmR>r KmoS>o {dH$Uma

AmhoV nU KmoS>o_mÌ daModa naV oVo. H$maU KmoS>çmbm `m Hw$Qw>§~mMr gd`

bmJbobr AgVo. J«m_rU dmñVdmV àmUrào_ hr EH$ \$ma Am¡a ~m~ AgVo. Ë`mMm

nË`` hr H$Wm XoVo. "JmoHw$im' H$WoV {XnmOrMm g§gma Mm§Jbm Mmbbobm hmoVm.

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92

nUo JmoHw$imÀ`m ì`{^Mmar dV©ZmZo ho Hw$Qw>§~ CX²ÜdñV Pmbo. {XnmOr _oë`mZ§Va

JmoHw$im ~m_Zm ~amo~a am{hbr. {VZo nmQ>rb-Hw$bH$Ê`m©bm ~XZm_ Ho$bo Am{U

eodQ>r ImZXoemV nmQ> bmdyZ {ZKyZ Jobr. "JmoHw$im' `m ñd¡adV©Zr ñÌr_Ü`o

Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m dmVmhV Pmbobr ~KyZ _Z gwÞ hmoVo.

"H$_ir' `m H$WoV "H$_ir' `m ~mb{dYdoMo Hw$Qw>§~ {M{ÌV Ho$bobo Amho.

{VÀ`m ^mdm§Mm {Vbm YmH$ Amho.

Aer AZoH$ Hw$Qw>§~o "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hmV _mUXoer H$m¡Qw>§{~H$

OrdZmVrb {d{dYVm d d¡{eîQ>ço XmIdyZ XoVmV `m Hw$Qw>§~m§À`m _Ü o {d{dYVm

Amho. pñÌ`m gwÜXm `m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ AmhoV. Hw$Qw>§~ {Q>H${dÊ`mMo

H$m_ ZmË`m§Zr Ho$bobo AgVo. nU H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ ZmË`m§_Ü`o àg§JmÀ`m AmKmVmZo Xar

nS>br H$s Hw$Qw>§~mMr dmVmhV hmoVo. AemàH$mao ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir

AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hmV _mUXoer Hw$Qw>§~OrdZmMo {MÌU Ambo Amho.

3.4 "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb "_mUXoer g_mOOrdZ' :

ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o _mUXoemVrb

g_mOOrdZmVrb H$mhr R>iH$ d¡{eîQ>ço AmT>iyZ `oVmV. Ë`mdê$Z `m H$Wm§_Yrb

g_mOOrdZmMm Aä`mg _m§S>Vm oVmo. _wimV _mS>JyiH$am§À`m àË`oH$ H$Wo_Ü`o

gm_m{OH$Vm Amho Am{U Vr {M{ÌV ì`ŠVr d àg§J `mVyZ à^mdrnUo Ñï>moËnÎmrg

`oVo. ì`ŠVr Am{U g_mO `m§Mm AVwQ> AZw~§Y AgVmo. ì`ŠVr Am{U g_mO

`m§Mm Û§X²dmË_H$ g§~§Y AgVmo. g_mOmMm ì`ŠVr hm H|$Ðq~Xy Amho. "H$mir AmB©'

H$Wmg§J«hmV Ambobo g_mOOrdZ AgoM ì`ŠVr Am{U g_mO `mÀ`m ZmVog§~§YmVyZ

VoWrb MmbrarVr, Amhma{dhma, ê$T>r na§nam `mVyZ AmH$mamg Ambo Amho.

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93

J«m_rU gm{hË` _wimV J«m_rU OrdZmVyZ gmH$ma hmoVo. Ë`m_wioM J«m_rU

g_mOOrdZ hm J«m_rU gm{hË`mMm An[ahm © KQ>H$ ~ZVmo. J«m_rU OrdZ, àWm-

na§nam J«m_rU H$WoV Amboë`m AgVmV. Vmo g_mOOrdZmMm EH$ _hÎdmMm ^mJ

Amho.

_mUXoer g_mOOrdZmV AZoH$ d¡{eîQ>ço AmhoV. _hmamï>mVrb doJdoJù`m

n[agamVrb g_mOOrdZmnojm "H$mir AmB©' _Ü`o à{Vq~~rV Pmbobo _mUXoemVrb

g_mOOrdZ H$mhrgo doJio Amho. åhUyZM gwYm Omoer _mS>JyiH$am§À`m H$Wo~Ôb

åhUVmV, ""_mS>JyiH$am§Mo ho _mUXoer OJ _hm`wÕmoÎma AmYw{ZH$ `wJmÀ`m

Om{Udm, Zì`m Am¡Úmo{JH$ ZmJa g§ñH¥$VrVrb VmUVUmd `mnmgyZ ~hþVm§er Xya

Agbobo OJ Amho.''5

"H$mir AmB©' H$Wm§_Yrb g_mOOrdZhr _hm`wÕmoÎma AmYw{ZH$ wJmÀ`m

Om{Udm, Zì`m Am¡Úmo{JH$ ZmJa g§ñH¥$VrVrb VmUVUmdmnmgyZ `mnmgyZ eoH$S>mo

_¡b Xya Amho. hoM _mUXoeÀ`m n[agamVrb g_mOOrdZmMo doJionU Amho.

Ë`m§À`m H$WoVyZ g_mOmVrb, JmdJmS>çmVrb {d{dY OmVtMo {MÌU nma§n[aH$

nÕVrZo Ogo Amho Vgo Ambobo Amho.

""_mS>JyiH$am§À`m H$WoV ~«m÷U, _amR>m, _hma, _wgb_mZ, dS>ma Aem

gd© ñVamVrb OmVr-Om_VrMo {MÌU Ambobo Amho.''6

_mUXoeÀ`m JmdJmS>çmV doJdoJù`m OmVr AmhoV. Ë`mVrb ~è`mM OmVr

O_mVtMo {MÌU "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmV Ambobo Amho. `m H$Wmg§J«hmVrb

_mUXoer g_mOOrdZmMo doJionU {ZpíMVM S>moù`mV ^aVo. Ë`mMm n[aM` nwT>rb

{ddoMZmV H$ê$Z KoD$.

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94

~bwVoXmar nÕV IoS>çmVrb JmdJmS>çmMr _hÎdmMr aMZm Amho. VmoM

IoS>çm§Mm {deof Amho. Vmo "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hmV {XgVmo. H$maU BOmßnm

Hw§$^ma JmdmVyZ ~bwVo Jmoim H$ê$Z JwOamU H$aVmo. JmdJmS>çmVrb Hw$Qw>§~o nañnam§da

Adb§~yZ AmhoV. Ë`m gdmª_Ü`o ghOrdZmMr ^mdZm EH$dQ>br Amho. "H$mir

AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o Ýhmdr, Hw§$^ma, narQ>, gwVma, bmohma, ~«m÷U, Hw§$^ma,

YZJa, _wgb_mZ BË`mXr OmVtMo CëboI AmhoV. `m OmVrVrb bmoH$m§À`m ~amo~aM

daModa JmdmV {\$añVo oVmV d YmÝ` Jmoim H$ê$Z KoD$Z OmVmV. bmoH$m§Mr

H$a_UyH$ H$aVmV. Ë`m ^Q>Š`m§Mohr {MÌU Amho. ""gwJrÀ`m {XdgmV Hw$Ry>Z Var

_mH$S>dmbo `oVmV, Ioi H$ê$Z XmIdVmV Am{U Ádmar CH$iyZ naJmdr MmbVo

hmoVmV. {H$ñVmH$ H$gyZ S>m|~mar oVmV, Mma AmS>ì`m {VS>ì`m CS>çm _maVmV Am{U

eoa-_mnQ>çm§gmR>r nXa ngaVmV.''7 Ago daModa Jmdmda {\$añVo ^Q>Ho$ bmoH$hr

`oVmV. OmVmZm YmÝ` Jmoim H$ê$Z KoD$Z OmVmV. Ë`m _mo~Xë`mV bmoH$m§Mr

H$a_UyH$ H$aVmV. `m_Ü o _mH$S>dmbo, S>m|~mar, Z§Xr~¡bdmbo, Xadoer, Añdbdmbo

BË`mXr ^Q>Ho$ `oVmV. Ë`m bmoH$m§Zm Úm`bmgwÕm _mUXoer g_mO _mJo nwT>o nmhV

Zmhr. ""H$moëhmQ>r, Z§Xrdmbo, H$merH$mnS>o, ~mig§Vyg - ZmZm bmoH$ oD$Z YmÝ`mbm

hmV ngê$ bmJbo. eoVH$ar H$mVmdbo. Ë`m ^mD$JXuVM Z~rImZ Añdb KoD$Z

XmamoXma {h§S>bm. bmoH$m§Zr Ma\$S>V Ë`mbm _yR>_yR> KmVbr.''8 hr JmdJmS>çmMr

nma§n[aH$ R>odU AmVmÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ H$mimbm àíZm§{H$V H$aVo.

^Q>Ho$, {\$añVo, J«m_rU g_mOOrdZmVrb EH$ KQ>H$ Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm

YmÝ` XoÊ`mV J«m_rU _mUgmbm YÝ`Vm dmQ>Vo. _mUXoer g_mOOrdZmV Ë`m§Zm

g_mOmVrb EH$ KQ>H$ åhUyZ nm{hbo OmVo. nU _mUXoer g_mOmV

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95

`m§{ÌH$sH$aUmÀ`m n[aUm_mZo gìhug _moQ>ma `oVo Voìhm _mÌ hm nma§n[aH$ OrdZ

OJUmam g_mO JmS>rbm AdXgm åhUVmo, ""åhmVma BOmßnm Hw§$^ma _mÌ _Zmo_Zr

g_OyZ MwH$bm, H$s ho gmao `m AdXgoZo-_moQ>marZoM Ho$bo !''9 Zdr Vm§{ÌH$ gw{dYm

Agbr Var g_mOOrdZmV ghOmghOr {_giV Zmhr. Ë`m_wioM EH$sH$S>o

J{V{hZVm `m g_mOmMo d¡{eîQ>ç hmoD$Z ~gVo. Var XwgarH$S>o _mUXoemVë`m

IoS>çmV, Amnbm _wbJm Mma Mm¡Km§À`m _Ü o CRy>Z {Xgbm nm{hOo Vmo YmS>gr Pmbm

nm{hOo `m {OÔr {dMmamMr XÎmmam_Mr AmB© "a_m~mB©' `m ñÌr_Ü o g_mOmVrb gd©

KQ>H$m§Zr YmS>g {Z_m©U Ho$bo. Agm hm g_yhmZo OJUmam g_mO pñÌ`m§À`m_Ü`o

OJÊ`mMr OrÔ {Z_m©U H$aUmamhr Amho.

_mUXoe g_mOOrdZmVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo nmoQ>À`m _wbmà_mUo Amnë`m

eoVmda, eoVmVë`m PmS>m§da, JmoR>çmVrb Jwao-T>moao BVHo$M Zmhr Va Añdbmgma»`m

àmÊ`mdahr ào_ AgVo. ho "H$mir AmB©' H$WoVrb AZoH$ nmÌm§dê$Z bjmV `oVo.

J«m_rU gm{hË`mV J«m_rU g_mOOrdZmMo {MÌU H$aVmZm ^mdH$s oV AgVo.

Amßnm åhmVmè`mÀ`m O{_Zrda ^mdH$sVbm ^mdS>çm Q>nyZ ~gbobm Amho.

IoS>çmVrb _mUgm§Mm eoVO_rZrer doJimM {Oìhmim AgVmo Am{U Vmo {Oìhmim

hmM Ë`mÀ`m OJÊ`mV CbQ>mnmbQ> H$arV AgVmo.

_mUXoemVrb {ejUnÕVr `oWrb g_mOOrdZmMm EH$ ^mJ Amho. bobo

_mñVam§gmaIo H$S>H$ {eñVrMo {ejH$ AmhoV. nU Ooìhm ~mZr ~Ôb dmXi CR>Vo

Voìhm _mñVa hV~b hmoVmV. g_mOm_Ü o _mZgÝ_mZ {_imboë`m _mUgmMr

ZmMŠH$s Pmbr H$s, _mÌ Vmo _mUyg Vm|S> XmI{dÊ`mÀ`m `mo½`VoMm amhV Zmhr.

åhUyZM JmdmgmR>r emim ~m§YÊ`mMo ñdßZ Camer ~miJbobo _mñVa EH$ {Xdg

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Jmd gmoSy>Z OmVmV. H$maU Ë`m§Zm `m g_mOmV An_m{ZV OrdZ ZH$mogo dmQ>Vo.

OrdZmH$S>o nmhmÊ`mMr ì`ŠVrMr hr gmYmaU YmaUm ì`ŠVrbm g_mOmnmgyZ

AbJhr H$aVo.

"JwUm AmB©' gmaIr _ZmMm _moR>onUm AgUmar ñÌr `m g_mOmVrbM Amho.

_mUXoe g_mOOrdZmV Hw$ñVr `m Ioimbm {deof _hÎd {XgVo. Ë`mMà_mUo

Hw$ñVrMr bT>V åhUOo à{Vð>oMr AgVo. Hw$ñVrÀ`m bT>VrMr gJù`m Jmdmbm

CËgwH$Vm AgVo. à{Vð>oÀ`m bT>VrÀ`m {dO`mMm A{^_mZ gmè`m Jmdmbm AgVmo.

Am{U An_mZmMr gb gmè`m Jmdmbm AgVo. `mM~amo~a "H$mir AmB©' g§J«hmV

AnË` ào_mMo {MÌU ñdm^m{dH$VoZo Ambo Amho. Am{U Ë`mMm g§~§Y gm_m{OH$

g§Ho$Vm§er Amho, Zìho Vr EH$ _ZmMr _yb^yV àoaUmhr Amho. Á`m§Zm _wb§-~mi§

ZmhrV Ë`m§Zm Hw$R>oVar I§V {XgVo. Zm_m gwT>mimbm _yb hmoUma Amho hr ~mV_r

Ë`mbm H$iVo Voìhm Ë`mÀ`m AmZ§Xmbm nmamdma amhmV Zmhr.

"~ir'gmaIm am_moer Ooìhm ~m`H$moMm dmH$S>m nm` nS>Vmo Voìhm ~m`H$moMm

IyZ H$am`bm _mJonwT>o nmhV Zmhr. {ejm ^moJyZ ~mhoa oVmo Voìhm gJù`m

pñÌ`m§daMm Ë`mMm {dídmg CS>mbobm AgVmo. AmB©daMm {dídmg _mÝ` H$aVmo nU

~mB©À`m OmVrda Ë`mMm {dídmg Zmhr. _mUXoemVrb _mUgo ZmH$mg_moa MmbUmar

{XgVmV. Vr nma§n[aH$ d¥ÎmrMr AmhoV. ZrVr, nm{dÍ`mÀ`m H$ënZm hr

ì`ŠVrOrdZmVrb d g_mOOrdZmVrb nma§n[aH$ _yë`o AgVm AZ¡{VH$Vobm

Ë`m§À`mOdi Wmam Zmhr.

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"nwVim'gmaIr EImXr ì`{^Mmar _wbJrhr Amho. g_mOmVrb VéUm§Mo

{VÀ`mH$S>o bj Amho. nU g_mO {Vbm XmoZ {hVmÀ`m Jmoï>r gm§JVmo Voìhm Vo {Vbm

H$iVgwÕm Zmhr.

_mUXoeÀ`m n[agamV oUmè`m {\$añË`m§Mo {MÌU "Xadoer' `m H$WoV

{XgVo. Ooìhm Z~rImZH$S>o Añdb ZìhVo Voìhm Ë`mbm nmoQ> ^aUo _wíH$sb Pmbo

hmoVo. nU Ooìhm Vmo Añdb KoD$Z `oVmo Voìhm Hw$U~r Ë`mbm YmÝ`YwÝ` XoD$ bmJbm.

_mUXoe g_mOOrdZmda à^md Q>mH$Ê`mMm XwîH$mimMm n[aUm_ `m {\$añË`mdahr

hmoVmo. Xadoí`mMo Cn{O{dHo$Mo gmYZ _aVo Voìhm _mÌ Xadoer Jmd gmoSy>Z OmVmo.

H$mhr doim IoS>çmVrb _mUg§ Hw$Umbmhr _m{hVr ZgVmZm ì`dhma H$aVmV

Am{U nwÝhm níMmVmn H$aVmV. "Xadoer' H$WoVrb Ýhmdr AgmM \$gVmo. Am{U

Jmdn§Mm`Vr_Yrb n§M gwÕm Ë`mbm _J \$gdVmV.'

_mUXoer g_mOOrdZmV "a_m~mB©', "JwUm', "H$_ir' `m {OÔr pñÌ`m

{XgVmV. "JmoHw$im', "{XnmOrMr ~m`H$mo', "BOmßnmMr gyZ', "nwVim' `mgma»`m

ì`m{^Mma H$aUmè`m pñÌ`m {XgVmV. JmoHy$im AJmoXa AZoH$m§À`m ~aom~a amhVo

Am{U nwT>o Ywù`mH$S>o nmQ> bmdyZ Zdè`mH$S>o amhVo. Varhr Zdè`mMr AJmoXaÀ`m

~m`H$moMr XmoZ-VrZ _wbo gm§ miVmZm {XgVo.

"H$_ir' H$Wo_YyZ _mÌ _mUXoemV AmYw{ZH$ gwYmaU§mMo dmao Ambobo Amho.

`mMm àË`` oVmo. H$_irgmaIr ~mb{dYdm _mUXoer g_mOOrdZmV nwZ{d©dmh

H$aVmZm {XgVo. _mUXoemVrb g_mOm_Ü`o gwYmaUm§Mr Mmhÿb bmJbr hmoVr Ago

åhUVm oB©b.

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98

_mUXoemVrb g_mOOrdZmMo à{Vq~~ "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü`o

nS>bobo Amho. _mUXoer g_mOmVrb _mUgmbm eoVr~Ôb, PmS>m§À`m~Ôb,

OZmda§m~Ôb ào_ {XgVo. _mUgm_mUgmV AmnmngmV VUmd Amho, OmVr oX^md

AmhoV. hodoXmdo AmhoV. nma§n[aH$ Zr{V_yë`m§Mm nJS>m g_mOmda KÅ> Amho. H$mhr

pñÌ`m ì`{^Mmar AmhoV. EHy$UM hr g_mO nma§n[aH$ diUmMm ZmZm VèhoÀ`m

gm_m{OH$ ~§YZmV AS>H$bobm Amho.

^m¡Jmo{bH$ KQ>H$m§Mm ì`ŠVrda Am{U g_mOOrdZmda {ZpíMV n[aUm_

AgVmo. _mUXoer g_mOOrdZmda XwîH$mimgma»`m g§H$Q>m§Mm n[aUm_ à^mdr Amho.

n[aUm_r bmoH$ ñWbm§Va H$aVmV. H$ï> H$ê$Z gwÕm nmoQ>mbm Z {_iUmar _mUgo

AmhoV Varhr Vr ~aS> _mimdarb ZonVrgmaIr {MdQ>nUo OJÊ`mer PJS>V

amhmVmV hm `m _mUgm§Mm ñWm`r^md {XgVmo Am{U Vmo g_mOmÀ`m gd©

g_mOñVamVyZ OmUdVmo.

`oWrb bmoH$OrdZmV XiUdiUmÀ`m gmYZm§Mm A^md {XgVmo. EH$ JmS>r

Vr gwÕm ZwH$VrM Mmby Amho. BVa JmS>çm A{Ve` {dai {XgVmV. ~hþVoH$

bmoH$m§Mm àdmg nm`rM {XgVmo. Šd{MV EImÚmH$S>o KmoS>m d gm`H$b Amho.

gwYmaUoÀ`m ~m~VrV _mUXoemMm n[aga nmR>r_mJo Amho. {dOoMo {Xdo _mUXoemV

{XgV ZmhrV. COoS>mgmR>r amÌrÀ`m doir am°Ho$bÀ`m {Xì`m§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo.

Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr H§$Xrb AmhoV. am°Ho$bÀ`m {Xì`m§Zm {M_Ur Ago åhUVmV.

_|T>nmbZ ì`dgm` {XgVmo. nU ho _|T>nmi amZm_Ü o amhVmV.

AemàH$mao ì §H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$a `m§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hmVrb

H$Wm§_YyZ _mUXoer g_mOOrdZmMo Xe©Z AmnUmg KS>Vo.

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3.5 "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb "{ZgJ©{MÌU' :

{ZgJ© Am{U H¥$fr `m§Mo AVyQ> Ago ZmVo Amho. J«m_rU gm{hË`mMr

H¥${fg§ñH¥$Vr hr àoaUm Amho. J«m_rU gm{hË`mVyZ H¥${fg§ñH¥$VrMo Xe©Z KS>V amhVo.

åhUyZM J«m_rU H$WoV {ZgJ© {MÌU àmYmÝ`mZo AmT>iyZ `oVo. {ZgJm©À`m

bharnUmda J«m_rU n[agamVrb bmoH$m§À`m OrdZmVhr MT>CVma oVmV. eoVr Va

nyU©nUo {ZgJm©da Adb§~yZ Amho. åhUyZM ZmJZmW H$moÎmmnëbo åhUVmV,

""J«m_rU OrdZm_Ü`o eoVr, eoVrer {ZJ{S>V nmD$g, eoVrer {ZJ{S>V H$mbMH«$,

eoVrer {ZJ{S>V OZmdao Am{U AemM gd© KQ>H$m§Mm g_mdoe AmnU

H¥${fg§ñH¥$VrV H$aVmo. Ë`m_wioM `m gd© KQ>H$m§ modVr J«m_rU _mUgm§Mo ñdV§Ì Ago

^md{díd {Z_m©U hmoVmZm {XgVo.''10

åhUOoM H¥${fH|${ÐV OrdZmda {ZgJ© KQ>H$m§Mm n[aUm_ hmoV AgVmo.

OZmdao, ~¡b, H$m|~S>çm, åh¡g, eoù`m, Hw$Ìo, _m§Oa Xw Vr OZmdao `m gdmªMm

Cn`moJ J«m_rU g_mOOrdZmV hmoV AgVmo. nU {ZgJ© bhar Amho. H$Yr J«m_rU

n[agamVë`m _mUgmbm hmV XoVmo Va H$Yr Vmo Ë`mÀ`m nmR>r_mJo H$mi ~ZyZ `oVmo.

""J«m_rU _mUgmMo _Z nmdgmMr dmQ> nhmVo. Vmo hdm Vgm nS>bm åhUOo

Vo AmZ§{XV hmoVo. nmD$g hdm Vgm nS>bm Zmhr Va H$mo_oOyZ OmVo. H$Yr H$Yr H$mhr

^mJmV àXrK© H$mi nmD$gM nS>V Zmhr qH$dm Hw$R>o Hw$R>o nmdgmMo à_mU AË`ën

AgVo. Agm ^mJ AmogmS> qH$dm {damU _miamZmMm AgVmo. nmD$g nS>bm Zmhr

Va _mUgohr Cnmg_marZo _ê$ bmJVmV.''11

Agm H¥${fH|${ÐV _mUyg {ZgJm©da Adb§~yZ AgVmo. nmD$g, XwîH$mi ho

{ZgJm©Mo à_wI KQ>H$ AmhoV. J«m_rU n[agamMo, J«m_rU dmñVdmMo àH$Q>rH$aU

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H$aVmZm Ë`m_YyZ H$_r-OmñV à_mUmV `m {ZgJ© KQ>H$m§Mr dU©Zo Ë`mÀ`m

n[aUm_H$maH$Vm oV AgVo. Ë`m_wio J«m_rU H$Wo_YyZ {ZgJ© hm An[ahm ©nUo àH$Q>

hmoV AgVmo. AgmM {ZgJ© ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m

H$Wmg§J«hmVrb H$Wm§Mm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Amho. Ë`mMo Vnerbdma ñdê$n

nwT>rbà_mUo -

_mUXoeMm n[aga Vgm Amdf©UJ«ñV AgyZhr {ZgJm©À`m d¡{eîQ>çm§Zr

ZQ>bobm _hmamï>mVrb EH$ àXoe Amho. `m àXoemVrb {ZgJm©Mo EHy$UM à{Vq~~

"H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o nS>bobo {XgVo. {ZgJm©Mr AZoH$ d¡{eîQ>ço `m

H$Wmg§J«hm_Ü o {XgVmV. XwîH$mi nS>bm H$s _mUXoer _mUyg hdmb{Xb hmoVmo.

""XwîH$mim_Ü`o bmoH$ hdmb{Xb Pmbo. hmVr Ambobo Anwao YmÝ` hm hm åhUVm

CS>mbo Am{U H$iUmH$m|S>m ImD$Z amhÊ`mMr nmir Ambr. nwT>À`m {nH$mMr Amem

Yê$Z eoVH$ar am{hbo, nU Á`m§Mr nmoQ>o hmVmdaMr Ago JmoaJar~ Jmd gmoSy>Z

OJm`bm Jobo. JmdmVë`m ~è`mM Kam§Zm Hw$bno bmJbr.''12 Ago {ZgJm©Mo g§H$Q>

Amë`mZ§Va _mUXoer _mUgm§Mr d n[agamMr ^`mZH$ AdñWm hmoD$Z ~gVo.

{ZgJm©Mm AmUIr EH$ _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ dZñnVr. _mUXoemV `m

dZñnVr_Ü o d¡{eîQ>ç AmT>iVo. nmÊ`mMr H$_VaVm Agë`m_wio `oWo H$mQ>oar PwS>no

A{YH$ dmT>VmV. ~m^irMr PmS>o, ZonVrMr PmS>o, VadS>mgmaIr IwaQ>r PwS>no

AmT>iVmV. VadS>mMr PwS>no IwaQ>r Agbr VargwÕm Ë`mbm gw§Xa {ndir \w$bo

AgVmV. `m dZñnVr nmÊ`mA^mdrhr {Q>Hy$Z amhmVmV.

_mUXoeÀ`m AmoT>çmH$mR>r H$a§OrMr PmS>o {XgVmV. {hadrJma PmS>o

_mUXoemV gmdbrgmR>r Cn`omJr AmhoV Ago {XgVo. H$a§Or~aom~a _mUXoemV

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qb~mÀ`m PmS>mMm Cn`moJ gmdbrgmR>r OmñV {XgVmo. `m Cn`moJr PmS>m§Mm \$m`Xm

CÝhmù`mV amZmVrb nmIao KoVmV. `m PmS>m§À`m à_mUoM _mUXoemV eodJm, qMM

`mgmaIr PmS>o {XgVmV. _mUXoeÀ`m n[agamV Hw$R>o XmQ> PmS>m§Mr O§Jbo {XgV

ZmhrV. S>m|Ja d _miamZ {XgVmo. Ë`mda Xya Ago EImXo PmS> {XgVo. Ogm

nmdgmMm A^md _mUXoemV Amho VgmM ^anya PmS>m§Mm A^md {XgyZ oVmo. nU

_mUXoemVrb _mUgo PmS>m§Mm Cn omJ ~è`mM H$m_m§gmR>r H$aVmV. ""Hw$èhmS>rMm

Xm§S>m _moS>bm, JmS>rM§ Oy H$MH$b§, Va Hw$UmÀ`m Xmar Omerb ? \$iPmS>m§nojm hr

PmS>§M Amnë`mbm A{YH$ Cn`omJr hm qb~ CÚm _moR>m Pmbm åhUOo Iwemb Xhm

IU B_maV ~m§Ym H$s Ë`mMr''13 Agm _mUXoe OrdZ_mZ Adb§~yZ Amho. "H$mir

AmB©'_Ü`o R>mB© R>mB© Ë`mMo g§X^© `oV amhmVmV.

_mUXoeÀ`m n[agamV PmS>m§À`m ~m~VrV Oer {d{dYVm Amho VerM

{d{dYVm àmÊ`m§À`m ~m~VrVgwÕm Amho. AZoH$ àH$maMo _mUXoemVrb àmUr "H$mir

AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb H$Wm§_YyZ AmT>iVmV. "{Ibma Jm`' ho _mUXoeÀ`m

n[agamMo d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. _mUXoeÀ`m n[agamV Oer {Ibma Jm` nmogbr OmVo

Ver AÝ` àXoemV Vr Jm` nmogbr OmV Zmhr. _hmamï>mVë`m AÝ` àXoemnojm

XoIÊ`m {Ibma Jm`r _mUXoemVM AmT>iVmV. "Zm_m gwT>mi' H$WoV Jm`rMm

CëboI Ambm Amho. _mUXoemV Jm`tÀ`m {nbm§Zm Im|S> Am{U H$mbdS> Ago

g§~moYbo OmVo. eoVrVrb H$m_mgmR>r Cn omJr AgUmar hr OZmdao nmird AmhoV.

Ë`m_Ü`o Jm`, ~¡b, åh¡g, Im§oS>, H$mbdS>, eoù`m, _|T>ao, H$m|~S>çm, JmT>do B.

àmUr {XgVmV.

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JmT>dmgma»`m àmÊ`m§Mm Cn`moJ AmoPo dmhÊ`mgmR>r Ho$bm OmVmo. "gpìh©g

_moQ>ma'_Ü o Vmo {XgVmo. Ë`mM~amo~a Kam_Ü o _m§Oa, Hw$Ìo B. gmaIo àmUr nmiVmV.

amZm_Ü`o ggo, _mH$S>o, C§Xra, KmoanS>r, qdMy, nmH$moù`m `mgmaIo àmUr-H$sQ>H$

_mUXoemV {XgVmV. KmoS>çmgma»`m àmÊ`m§Mm Cn`moJ WmoS>o lr_§V bmoH$

àdmgmgmR>r H$aVmZm {XgVmV. AñdbmgmaIm àmUr _mUXoemV Xw_r©i Amho. na§Vw

XadoemÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo Ë`mMo AmJ_Z `m bmoH$OrdZmV hmoVo. bm§S>½`mgmaIo qhñÌ

àmUr _mUXoemV AmhoV.

`m àmÊ`m§À`m~aom~a _mUXoemV AZoH$ nú`m§À`m OmVr AmT>iVmV.

Ë`m_Ü`o Kmar, {JYmS>§, nmado, ëhmdo, amZ{M_Ê`m, gmiw§H$s, H$mdio, {M_Ê`m,

ìhbo B. njr AmT>iVmV. nU H$m|~S>r hm EH$M njr _mUXoemV nmbZ H$aVmZm

{XgVmo. AÝ` H$moUVmhr njr _mUXoemV nmibm Amho Ago àñVwV H$Wmg§J«hmVyZ

AmT>iV Zmhr.

_mUXoeÀ`m {ZgJm©V AZoH$ àH$maMr {nHo$ `oVmV. Ádmar, åhUOoM Om|Yio

Am{U ~mOar hr oWrb eoVr_Ü o KoVbr OmUmar à_wI {nHo$ AmhoV. ha^am, Jhÿ,

YZYwÝ`, S>mir-H$S>YmÝ o, H$nmer `mgma»`m {nH$m§À`m ~amo~aM `oWo H$m§Xo,

dmiyH$, XmoS>H$m, _mido, ^mOr-nmbm B. {nHo$ `oWrb eoVrV {XgVmV. nU EHy$UM

`m n[agamV ~mJm`Vr {nH$m§Mr dmZdm Amho.

_mUXoemVrb eoVr nyU©nUo nmdgmda Adb§~yZ {XgVo. eoVrbm nmÊ`mgmR>r

H$mhr {R>H$mUr {d{hatMr ì`dñWm Ho$bobr {XgVo. _mUXoemV nmdgmda OrdZ

Adb§~yZ Amho. _mUXoemV nmD$g ZjÌmZwgma nS>Vmo. nmdgmMm H$mbmdYr

A{Ve` H$_r AgVmo. _mUXoemVrb nmdgmMo dU©Z {deof H$ê$Z OmUdVo.

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""AmH$memV T>J ^a^ê$Z Ambo AmhoV. nmdgmZo dmam KmVbm Amho. Jma dmam

añË`mdaMr Yyi_mVr, Ho$aH$Mam Mm¡\o$a CYiyZ bmdVmo Amho. PmS>m§Mo e|S>o JXJXyZ

hmbV AmhoV.''14

Agm n{hbm nmD$g _mUXoemV _moR>çm dmè`m~amo~a `oVmo Am{U JmanrR>

gwÕm H$ê$Z OmVmo. `oWrb eoVrbm ^rO nmdgmMm Cn`moJ Mm§Jbm hmoVmo. Vmo `oWo

Cn wŠV Amho. ""EH$ ^rOnmD$g nm{hOo, {edmamVyZ EH$dma nmUr Ioib§ nm{hOo

_J ho nrH$ Ë`mda JwS>¿`mbm _m§S>çmbm oB©b.''15 Agm _mUXoemVbm nmD$g

AgVmo. `oWrb AmoT>m H$moaS>m AgVmo Va nmdgmù`mV H$Yr dmhVm AgVmo.

_mUXoemV ZXrbm \$ŠV nmdgmù`mV nmUr oVo. H$mhr {R>H$mUr AmohmoigwÕm

AmhoV.

_mUXoemV O_rZ H$miH$a§X Amho "H$mhr AmB©' ho erf©H$ `mMo gyMH$ Amho.

Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr _miamZmMr Amho. Hw§$^ma JmSJ>r _S>H$s H$aVmV Vr gwÕm

{ZgJm©VyZ {_imboë`m _mVrnmgyZ Va gUJa Km|JS>r H$aVmV Vr _|T>amÀ`m

bmoH$arnmgyZ, {ZgJm©Vrb bmH$S>mnmgyZ Kao ~m§YVmV. åhUOo _mUXoemVrb

bmoH$OrdZ {ZgJm©da Adb§~yZ Amho. {ZgJm©~amo~aMm AZw~§Y VwQ>VmZm {XgVmM

Vr g§Kf© H$aVmZm {XgVmV.

ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmV _mUXoeÀ`m {ZgJm©Mo

`mo½`arVrZo g_n©H$ eãXmV dU©Z Ho$bobo Amho. ""hþaS>çmbm Ambobr H$Ugo,

dmiyZ {ndim nS>V Mmbbobm ha^am, Mm§Jbr C_bbobr H$aS>çmMr \w$bo - H$mir

_mVr Am{U _mObobr hamir `m§Mo dmg ~amo~a KoD$Z Jma dmam dmhV hmoVm.

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gJirH$S>o A§Yma JwSy>n hmoVm.''16 Aem _mUXoeÀ`m {ZgJm©Mo dU©Z _mS>JyiH$a

a§J-J§Ymgh C o H$aVmV.

_mUXoemV S>m|Ja AmhoV. AmoT>çmda Am§Kmoirbm OmUmao bmoH$ AmhoV.

_miamZ Amho. {Zio AmH$me {XgVo. Hw$R>o-Hw$R>o {hadoJma JdV {XgVo. ho

_mUXoeÀ`m n[agamMo doJionU Amho. oWo {ZgJm©Mo doJionU Agbo Var `oWrb

_mUgm§Mo {ZgJm©da ào_ Amho. ""hr ~m^ir-qZ~mMr amonQ>r Amßnm§Zr H$er Ord

bmdyZ gm§ mibr hmoVr. OZmdam§Zr Amoa~mSy> Z o, VwS>dy Z`o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr

Ë`m§À`m^modVr H$mQ>o bmdbo hmoVo. daModa Ë`m§À`m ~wS>mMr _mVr hmbdbr hmoVr.

Amio Ho$bo hmoVo. AmoT>çmVyZ Vnobr-Vnobr^a nmUr AmUyZ Ë`m§Zr KmVbo hmoVo. Vr

AmVm Ho$dT>r Pmbr hmoVr !''17

`mdê$ZM _mUXoe g_mOOrdZ {ZgJm©er EH$ê$n Pmbobo {XgVo. ^maV hm

eoVràYmZ Xoe Amho. OmñVrV OmñV _mZdr OrdZ IoS>çmV Amho. IoS>çmVrb

_mUgm§Mm {ZgJ© d eoVr `m§À`mer OdiMm g§~§Y AmT>iyZ `oVmo. eoVrda {Zð>m

AgUmè`m eoVH$è`mbm {ZgJm©er Pw§O XoV OJmdo bmJVo. eoVr {ZgJm©da

Adb§~yZ AgVo. ~XbUmè`m {ZgJm©Mm eoVrda n[aUm_ hmoV AgVmo. àg§Jr

eoVH$è`mbm {ZgJm©H$Sy>Z Pi gmogmdr bmJVo. {ZgJ© hm J«m_rU OrdZmVbm

An[ahm`© KQ>H$ Amho. Ë`mbm gmoSy>Z J«m_OrdZmMm {dMma Ho$bm OmV Zmhr.

åhUyZM {ZgJm©Mo à{Vq~~ J«m_rU H$WoV nS>bobo nhmd`mg {_iVo.

AemàH$mao darbà_mUo ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©'

H$Wmg§J«hmVrb {ZgJ©{MÌU Amho.

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3.6 "H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVrb "_mUXoe n[aga':

ì`§H$Q>oe _mS>JyiH$am§À`m "H$mir AmB©' `m H$Wmg§J«hmVyZ àH$Q> hmoUmam

n[aga hm _mUXoemMm Amho. `oWo \$ŠV nmdgmù`mV dmhUmar _mUJ§Jm ZXr Am{U

{VÀ`m^modVr CKS>m-COmS> _miamZ§mMm àXoe {XgVmo. AmoT>o, Amohmoù`m§Zm gwÕm

nmdgmù`mVM nmUr AgVo. Ooìhm XwîH$mi nS>Vmo Voìhm Va gmao H$moaS>o R>UR>UrV

hmoVo Agm hm _mUXoeMm n[aga. `m _mUXoeMo dU©Z _mS>JyiH$a "H$mir AmB©'

H$Wmg§J«hmV Ë`mÀ`m a§Jê$nmgh H$aVmZm {XgVmV.

""IoS>çmÀ`m Xwgè`m H$S>obm bmJyZ BOm Hw§$^mamMo Ka hmoVo. KamÀ`m

_mJë`m ~mOybmM JmdmMm AmoT>m hmoVm. g_moê$Z Jobobr nm`dmQ>hr S>Jardê$Z

KgaV nmUdR>çmer OmB©. Ka Amnbo gmYoM hmoVo. ^|S>mÀ`m q^Vr Am{U da

H$mS>mMo N>ßna g_moa ~gÊ`m-CR>Ê`mgmR>r OmJm, _mJo nag, Ë`mV nmÊ`mMm N>moQ>mgm

AmS>, eodJm, qb~, qMM Agbr PmS>o.''18

Agm _mUXoe n[aga _mS>JyiH$am§Zr AJXr _moOŠ`m CR>mdXma eãXmV

"H$mir AmB©' H$Wmg§J«hmVyZ gmH$ma Ho$bobm Amho. _mUXoemV dma§dma XwîH$mi

nS>Vmo Ë`mMm n[aUm_ oWrb bmoH$OrdZmda {nHo$, nmUr `mda nS>Vmo. Ë`mMm

n[aUm_ "Xadoer' `m H$WoV {XgVmo Adf©Um_wioM `oWo eoVH$è`m§Mo hmb hmoVmV.

Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m§À`mda Adb§~yZ AgUmè`m ~bwVoXmam§Mo, {\$añË`m§Mo hmb hmoD$Z

Cnmg_marMr doi `oVo. {\$añVo XwîH$mi nS>ë`mZ§Va Jmd gmoSy>Z na_wbwImbm {ZKyZ

OmVmV.

_mUXoeMm n[aga ê$j Amho. Hw$R>o {hadoJma JdV, nyU©nUo \w$bbobo eoV

{XgV Zmhr. _Ü oM Oa XwîH$mi nS>bm Va AmUIrZ ^`mZH$ pñWVr oWrb

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bmoH$m§Mr hmoVo. ""XwîH$mim_Ü o bmoH$ hdmb{Xb Pmbo. hmVr Ambobo YmÝ` hm§ hm§

åhUVm CS>mbo Am{U H$iUmH$m|S>m ImD$Z amhÊ`mMr nmir Ambr. nwT>À`m

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g_mOOrdZmMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm _mUXoe g_mOOrdZmMr AZoH$ d¡{eîQ>ço

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A{d^mÁ` ^mJ {XgVmo. Xw:ImMo AmoPo KoD$Z Z _moS>Vm MmbUmar _mUgo hm

_mUXoemMm {VWë`m {ZgJm©gmaImM ñd^mdY_© ~Zbm Amho.

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àH$aU {Vgao

g§X ©

1) _mS>JyiH$a, ì`§H$Q>oe : "H$mir AmB©', CËH$f© àH$meZ, nwUo, ghmdr

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3) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$.120.

4) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$.46.

5) Omoer, gwYm : "H$Wm : g§H$ënZm Am{U g_rjm', _m¡O

àH$meZ J¥h, _w§~B©, n{hbr Amd¥Îmr, 2000,

n¥.H«$.30.

6) _wbmQ>o, dmgwXod : "J«m_rU H$Wm : ñdê$n Am{U {dH$mg', ñdê$n

àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX, {ÛVr`md¥Îmr, 2005,

n¥.H«$.61.

7) _mS>JyiH$a, ì`§H$Q>oe : "H$mir AmB©', CËH$f© àH$meZ, nwUo, ghmdr

Amd¥Îmr, 2006, n¥.H«$.5.

8) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$.103.

9) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$.9.

10) H$moÎmmnëbo, ZmJZmW : "J«m_rU gm{hË` : ñdê$n Am{U emoY', ñdê$n

àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX, V¥Vr` Amd¥Îmr, 2007,

n¥.H«$.13.

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110

11) _mS>JyiH$a, ì`§H$Q>oe : "H$mir AmB©', CËH$f© àH$meZ, nwUo, ghmdr

Amd¥Îmr, 2006, n¥.H«$.104.

12) _wbmQ>o, dmgwXod : J«m_rU H$Wm : ñdê$n Am{U {dH$mg, ñdê$n àH$meZ, Am¡a§Jm~mX, {ÛVr`md¥Îmr, 2005, n¥.H«$. 117.

13) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 31.

14) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 35.

15) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 69.

16) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 81.

17) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 31.

18) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 1.

19) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 104.

20) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 105.

21) VÌ¡d, : n¥.H«$. 27.

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