Hiv
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1 A. Lipodystrophy is a problem with the way the body produces, uses, and stores fat. It is also called fat redistribution. Since the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy began, the numbers of HIV - positive people with lipodystrophy has increased. Today, lipodystrophy occurs in 30% to 50% of people who are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Abnormalities of Lipodystrophy : 1. Fat buildup or fat redistribution (lipohypertrophy, lipoaccumulation, or hyperadiposity) is when fat accumulates in certain areas of the body Some people see the amount of visceral fat—fat deep within the body —around their gut increase significantly. The medical term for this is lipohypertrophy (excessive fat growth). Increased dorsocervical fat pads—a buildup of fat on the back of the neck and shoulders (sometimes called "buffalo hump")—has also been seen, as well as increased fat tissue in the breasts. Some people have also reported round, moveable, flattened lumps of fat under the skin (lipomas). Abdomen (central obesity) Breasts (occurs in both men and women)
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Transcript of Hiv
1 A.
Lipodystrophy is a problem with the way the body produces, uses, and stores fat. It is also called fat redistribution. Since the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy began, the numbers ofHIV-positive people with lipodystrophy has increased. Today, lipodystrophy occurs in 30% to 50% of people who are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
Abnormalities of Lipodystrophy :
1. Fat buildup or fat redistribution (lipohypertrophy, lipoaccumulation, or hyperadiposity) is when fat accumulates in certain areas of the body Some people see the amount of visceral fatfat deep within the bodyaround their gut increase significantly. The medical term for this islipohypertrophy(excessive fat growth). Increased dorsocervical fat padsa buildup of fat on the back of the neck and shoulders (sometimes called "buffalo hump")has also been seen, as well as increased fat tissue in the breasts. Some people have also reported round, moveable, flattened lumps of fat under the skin (lipomas).
Abdomen(central obesity) Breasts (occurs in both men and women) Back of neck and shoulders (sometimes called a "buffalo hump") Fatty growths in different parts of the body (called lipomas)
2. Insulin resistance Obesity is characterized by increased body adiposity and leads to insulin resistance. Paradoxically, some conditions characterized by a paucity of fat also cause insulin resistance, namely the syndromes of lipoatrophy. The resemblance between the metabolic abnormalities of these extreme states of adiposity underscores the importance of fat tissue in energy homeostasis.3. High levels of fats in the blood or abnormal blood lipid Some people have an increased amount of fat, or lipids, in their blood. The two types of lipids that increase are triglycerides and cholesterol. Increased cholesterol levels can increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Increased triglycerides can increase the risk of damage to the pancreas (pancreatitis).
Its typical pattern:
A pot belly Buffalo bump Breast enlargement Tissue lipomas Low HDL Hypertriglyceridemia Hyperinsulinemia
1 B. LIFESTYLE:1. Physical activity/resistance trainingLifestyle modification ( diet, exercise). Exercise is also recommended although consistent changes in plasma lipids will not be seen in the short-term. Regular exercise should be encouraged to improve metabolic status. Lifestyle modifications alone may not be sufficient and may need to be implemented along with pharmacotherapy
2. Dietary management
A diet with: high protein, trans-fat and less fiber A Mediterranean diet, high in omega-3, fresh fruit and vegetables and fiber. A balanced low-fat Low-carbohydrate diet is preferable since hypertriglyceridemia in the patient.
TREATMENT:
1. HAART: HAART induced adipocyte inflammation, oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration, as well as altered adipocyte function and mitochondrial toxicity, have been shown to be central to the development of HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS.)2. APPETITE STIMULANT
MEGESTEROL :Megestrol can be used as an appetite stimulant for people experiencing loss of appetite andweight loss Megestrol may help relieve bone pain, and it can improve appetite andweight gain. DRONABINOL :Dronabinol is a man-made form of cannabis (also known as marijuana).Dronabinol is also used to treat loss of appetite and weight loss in patients with HIV infection.3. TESTOSTERONE AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
This HUMAN GROWTH hormone generates some changes in our body: itdecreases fat mass and increases muscle mass. Testosterone also decreases body fat, increases lean body mass and increases endurance.
