7/28/2019 HIV Malaria

1/2

AIDS (not HIV) Plague Yellow Fever MalariaPathology 2 major + 1 minor criteria

Major include1- 10% wt loss2- Chronic diarrhea> 1m3- Prolonged fever>1m

Minor include1- G. lymphadenopathy2- OP candidiasis3- Persistent cough4- G. pruritic dermatitis5- HZ6- Chronic, progressive

& dessiminated HS

Rapid onset fever, chills, severemalaise + extreme painfulswelling of LN or cough, bloodysputum, chest pain & dyspnea

3 forms1- Bubonic2- Pneumonic3- Septicemic (1ry & 2ry)

CFR is extremely high

Fever followed within 2 weeks by jaundice + hemorrhagicmanifestations

--------------

Confirmation 1- Ab by ELISA2- CD4 count3- Opportunistic

infections

1- Ab2- Isolation of YP from

sputum, buboes or CSF

1- IgM or rising IgG2- Isolation of Virus3- Postmortem liver autopsy

----------------

Place WW Rodent plague endemic &

difficult to controlHuman plague controlled butendemic in some countries

15N-10S in Africa & South America Temparatre (16-30)

Altitude < 3000 metersHumidityRain but not heavy

Time Any Summer & Autumn ---------- As placePerson Sexually active, women more

1- Passive partner2- Semen = higher conc3- Blood transfusion

GeneralIncreases with contact withrodents & people movement

Classic = all ages & both sexesJungle = adult males

1- Age & sex = all in non-endemic & children &women in endemic

2- Comorbidity = milder withSCA

3- Migration

4- Ariculture workers5- Non immune6- Severer in pregnancy7- Low SE8- Bad habits as refusal of spray

IP 1-15 years 6 days 6 days ---------------Agent HIV 1 & 2, 1 is more common

& severe, both are easilydestroyed

Yersenia Pestis, weak bacillussensitive almost to everything

Yellow Fever Virus 4 plasmodia

Reservoir All infected are infectious Bubonic = rodentsPneumonic = man

Classic = ManJungle = Monkey

Man especially infants & children

Source All body fluids esp. blood,semen & CSF

Bubonic = fleaPneumonic = resp. discharge

Aedes EgyptiJungle Aedes

Anopheles, blood, sharps

7/28/2019 HIV Malaria

2/2

MOT Intercourse, parenteral,transplacental, transplant

Bite of flea, droplet, air borne,direct contact

Bite of mosquito Mosquito, transplacental, sharps

Susceptibility General General, moderate PI immunity General, lifelong PI immunity General, PI immunity species specificPeriod of communicability

Lifelong Fleas remain infective formonthsBubonic not communicablePneumonic highly

3-5 days from onset ---------------

Vaccine ------------- Not used 17 D vaccine, freeze dried liveattenuated given to

1- Endemic2- Travelers3- Risky occupation

experimental

Prevention Measures of STD preventionHC workers measures withsharps

Rodent plague elimination isdifficult & costlyReduce threat of infection by

1- Controlling rodents2- Insecticides3- Surveillance4- Health education5- Chemoprophylaxis

Eradication of A. EgyptiImmunization of risky work against

jungle YFVProtective clothes, bed nets

ChemoprophylaxisPersonal protectionVector control

Control(cases)

Notification, counseling,treatment, disinfectionIsolation is not needed

Report, isolate, treat, disinfect Report, isolate from mosquitos,spray house, no treatment

Case management

Control(contacts)

--------------- Investigate for sourceChemoprophylaxis 7 daysBubonic = observed 6 daysPneumonic = isolated 6 days

Surveillance 6 daysInvestigate for sourceAsk about all places visitedObserve people visiting same foci

--------------