HIV1.) HIV Virus attaches to host cell’s surface

2.) HIV seeks out the nucleus & injects its genetic information

3.) HIV directs the cell to make new HIV virus parts, which are then assembled

4.) New HIV viruses break out of the cell, and spread to take over other host cells. The cell is destroyed (lysis) as a result.

EOC Practice

One characteristic shared by a virus and a living cell is that both —

F store genetic information in nucleic acids

G have a crystalline structure

H gain energy directly from the sun

J use glucose for respiration

Correct answer: F

Autotrophs / producers

Cells do this

Cells don’t have this

Cells & viruses DO

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AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

1. The immune crippling disease caused by the HIV virus in which the body becomes unable to protect itself against any secondary infections.

2. HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus

3. HIV infects the immune system cell called Helper T cells (-most important white blood cell involved in identifying infections.)

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Body Fluids with High Concentrations of HIV

1. Blood2. Semen/Vaginal fluids (as high as blood)3. Breast milk4. Pus from sores

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Low Concentrations of HIV

It is highly unlikely you will be infected if you come into contact with:

a.Sweat

b.Tears

c.Urine

d.Saliva (-highly possible if blood from mouth sores is present)

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How is HIV Spread?

1. ANY type of unprotected sexual activity (highest risk)

2. Sharing used drug needles

3. Pregnancy-from mother to child

4. Sharing razors- if blood is present

5. Kissing- if even the smallest amount of blood is present. (-membranes of mouth are thin enough for HIV to enter straight into the body.)

6. Tattoos /body piercing if equipment is not clean.

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How is HIV not spread

1. Shaking hands

2. Hugging

3. Swimming pools

4. Toilet seats

5. Insect bites

6. Donating blood

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Retrovirus

1. RNA virus that changes its RNA into DNA when inside the host cell.2. Contains reverse transcriptase enzymes.3. Example of a Retrovirus is HIV .

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Reproduction of HIV

Can HIV be cured?

1. NO! Drugs are available to manage the disease, but HIV stays in the body forever!

2. PROBLEM: RNA viruses mutate at a very high rate. A person with HIV under control can evolve resistance to the drug treatments.

3. Some infected persons have several strains of HIV in their bodies.

Initial infection- flu-like symptoms a few weeks after infection.Stage 1:HIV positive with no symptoms- can stay at this stage for up to 10 years, but still can pass on the virus.Stage 2:HIV positive with symptoms- person is said to have AIDS. Symptoms include:

– swollen glands, chronic diarrhea, loss of weight and appetite, fever, fatigue, skin rashes (lesions), night sweats, oral thrush. Life expectancy: 2 to 5 years.

What does HIV look like?

Death and AIDS

Stage III-Full blown AIDS-

a.Person dies of rare opportunistic infections that take advantage the weakened immune system:

b.Person dies in a matter of months.

c. AIDS related illnesses include rare cancers and Pneumonia.