History of Remote History of Remote SensingSensing

DUYGU BAYHANDUYGU BAYHAN110020229110020229

Some Important Dates in the Some Important Dates in the Chronological History of Remote Chronological History of Remote

SensingSensing

The history of remote sensing began with the The history of remote sensing began with the invention of photography. The term invention of photography. The term "photography" is derived from two Greek words "photography" is derived from two Greek words meaning "light" (phos) and "writing" (graphien). meaning "light" (phos) and "writing" (graphien).

1038 AD - 1038 AD - Al HazenAl Hazen an Arabian an Arabian mathematician mathematician explained the explained the principle of the principle of the camera camera obscura obscura to observe sun to observe sun eclipse.eclipse.

Camera ObscuraCamera Obscura

1490 - 1490 - Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci describes in describes in detail the principles underlying the detail the principles underlying the CAMERA OBSCURACAMERA OBSCURA (literally (literally DARK ROOMDARK ROOM). ). 1550- 1550- Cirolama Cardano Cirolama Cardano first put optic on first put optic on camera obscura for creating more quality camera obscura for creating more quality image.image.1614 - 1614 - Angelo SalaAngelo Sala discovers that silver discovers that silver salts darken when exposed to sunlight.salts darken when exposed to sunlight.

1666 - 1666 - Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton, while experimenting , while experimenting with a prism, found that he could disperse light with a prism, found that he could disperse light into a spectrum of red, orange, yellow, green, into a spectrum of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.  Utilizing a second prism, blue, indigo, and violet.  Utilizing a second prism, he found that he could re-combine the colors he found that he could re-combine the colors into white light. into white light.

1676 - 1676 - Johann Christopher SturmJohann Christopher Sturm, introduces the , introduces the relax lens principle where by a mirror is mounted relax lens principle where by a mirror is mounted at a 45 degree angle that projects an image, the at a 45 degree angle that projects an image, the essential development that led to the modern essential development that led to the modern single lens reflex camera. single lens reflex camera.

1777 - 1777 - Carl Wilhelm ScheeleCarl Wilhelm Scheele, discovers that silver chromate , discovers that silver chromate darkened by exposure to sunlight could be rinsed off with ammonia darkened by exposure to sunlight could be rinsed off with ammonia leaving the dark unexposed silver chromate crystals to form a leaving the dark unexposed silver chromate crystals to form a "fixed" image, a precursor to modern photographic film. "fixed" image, a precursor to modern photographic film.

1800 - 1800 - Sir William HerschelSir William Herschel, measures the temperatures of light split , measures the temperatures of light split with a prism into the spectrum of visible colors. He had discovered with a prism into the spectrum of visible colors. He had discovered thermal infrared electromagnetic radiation.thermal infrared electromagnetic radiation.

1827 - Niepce takes 1827 - Niepce takes first picturefirst picture of nature from a window of nature from a window view of the French countryside using a camera obscura view of the French countryside using a camera obscura and an emulsion using bitumen of Judea, a resinous and an emulsion using bitumen of Judea, a resinous substance, and oil of lavender (it took 8 hours in bright substance, and oil of lavender (it took 8 hours in bright sunlight to produce the image) sunlight to produce the image)

First photograph in the First photograph in the world by Niepceworld by Niepce

1839 - 1839 - DaguerreDaguerre announces the invention of announces the invention of DaguerrotypeDaguerrotype which consisted of a polished silver plate, which consisted of a polished silver plate, mercury vapors and sodium thiosulfate ("mercury vapors and sodium thiosulfate ("hypohypo") that was ") that was used to fix the image and make it permanent.used to fix the image and make it permanent.

1839 - 1839 - William Henry Fox TalbotWilliam Henry Fox Talbot invents a system of invents a system of imaging on silver nitrate of silver chromate treated paper imaging on silver nitrate of silver chromate treated paper and using a fixative solution of sodium chloride. and using a fixative solution of sodium chloride. 

1830's - The invention of 1830's - The invention of stereoscopesstereoscopes

The pictures used in The pictures used in the stereo views the stereo views where in the form of where in the form of "stereographs" which "stereographs" which were two pictures of were two pictures of the same scene that the same scene that were slightly offset were slightly offset and mounted side-by-and mounted side-by-side. side.

18551855 – James – James Clerk MaxwellClerk Maxwell, , describesdescribes

color additive theorycolor additive theory. . The color The color additive theory additive theory describes how be describes how be perceive color and perceive color and how they are created. how they are created.

1858 - 1858 - Gasper Felix Gasper Felix TournachonTournachon “ “NadarNadar" " takes the first aerial takes the first aerial photograph from a photograph from a captive balloon from captive balloon from an altitude of 1,200 an altitude of 1,200 feet over Paris. feet over Paris.

1860's - Aerial 1860's - Aerial observations, and observations, and possible photography, for possible photography, for military purposes were military purposes were acquired from acquired from balloons in the Civil Warballoons in the Civil War.  .  Balloons were used to Balloons were used to map forest in 1862, but map forest in 1862, but not used to acquire aerial not used to acquire aerial photographs as far as photographs as far as scholars can tell scholars can tell

1873 - 1873 - Herman VogelHerman Vogel discovered that by soaking silver discovered that by soaking silver halide emulsions (sensitive to blue light) in various dyes, halide emulsions (sensitive to blue light) in various dyes, that he could extend their sensitivity to progressively that he could extend their sensitivity to progressively longer wavelengths, this discover led to near infrared longer wavelengths, this discover led to near infrared sensitive films. sensitive films.

1887 - Germans began experiments with aerial 1887 - Germans began experiments with aerial photographs and photogrammetric techniques for photographs and photogrammetric techniques for measuring features and areas in forests. measuring features and areas in forests.

1889 - 1889 - Arthur BatutArthur Batut take take the first aerial photographthe first aerial photograph from from using a kite of Labruguiere France. using a kite of Labruguiere France.

1899 - 1899 - George EastmanGeorge Eastman produced a nitro-cellulose produced a nitro-cellulose based film type that retained the clarity of the glass based film type that retained the clarity of the glass plates which were in use at the time and introduced the plates which were in use at the time and introduced the first first Kodak cameraKodak camera. .

1900 - 1900 - Max Planck'sMax Planck's revelation of ' revelation of 'quantaquanta' and the ' and the mathematical description of the mathematical description of the 'black body'black body' lays the ' lays the foundation for numerous developments in quantum foundation for numerous developments in quantum mechanics. mechanics.

1903 - The 1903 - The Bavarian Pigeon CorpsBavarian Pigeon Corps uses pigeons to transmit uses pigeons to transmit messages and take aerial messages and take aerial photos.photos.

1906 - 1906 - Albert MaulAlbert Maul, using a rocket propelled by , using a rocket propelled by compressed air, took an aerial photograph from a height compressed air, took an aerial photograph from a height of 2,600 feet, the camera was ejected and parachuted of 2,600 feet, the camera was ejected and parachuted back to earth.back to earth.

1906 - 1906 - G.R. LawrenceG.R. Lawrence who had been experimenting with who had been experimenting with cameras which were hoisted into the air with the aid of cameras which were hoisted into the air with the aid of balloon kites.balloon kites.

1907 - 1907 - Auguste and Louis LumiereAuguste and Louis Lumiere, two French brothers , two French brothers develop a simple color photography system and develop a simple color photography system and establish the 35 mm standard.establish the 35 mm standard.

1914 - WWI provided a boost in the use of 1914 - WWI provided a boost in the use of aerial photographyaerial photography, but after the war, enthusiasm , but after the war, enthusiasm

wanedwaned

1934 - 1934 - Photogrammetric Engineering first Photogrammetric Engineering first

publishedpublished. . American Society of PhotogrammetryAmerican Society of Photogrammetry founded and renamed founded and renamed Photogrammetric Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote SensingEngineering and Remote Sensing..  The   The Society was again renamed, and is now Society was again renamed, and is now The The American Society of Photogrammetry and American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing.

1936 - 1936 - Albert W. StevensAlbert W. Stevens takes the first takes the first photograph of the actual curvature of the photograph of the actual curvature of the earth - taken from a free balloon at an earth - taken from a free balloon at an altitude of 72,000 feet. altitude of 72,000 feet. 1938 - A German General Werner von 1938 - A German General Werner von Fritsch, made a prophetic statement at this Fritsch, made a prophetic statement at this time said: time said: "The nation with the best photo "The nation with the best photo reconnaissance will win the next war!!" reconnaissance will win the next war!!" 1940 - 1940 - World War IIWorld War II brought about more brought about more sophisticated techniques in air photo sophisticated techniques in air photo interpretation.interpretation.

1946 - First space photographs from 1946 - First space photographs from V-2 V-2 rockets.rockets.

1954 - 1954 - U-2U-2 takes first flight. takes first flight.

1957 - Russia 1957 - Russia launches launches Sputnik-1Sputnik-1, , this was unexpected this was unexpected and encouraged our and encouraged our government to make government to make space exploration a space exploration a priority. priority.

1960 - 1960 - TIROS-1TIROS-1 launched as first launched as first meteorological satellite. meteorological satellite. 1960 - 1960 - U-2U-2 is "shot down" over Sverdlovsk, is "shot down" over Sverdlovsk, USSR. USSR. 1960's - US begins collection of 1960's - US begins collection of intelligence photography from Earth intelligence photography from Earth orbiting satellites, orbiting satellites, CORONACORONA. .

1962 - 1962 - Zaitor and TsuprunZaitor and Tsuprun construct prototype construct prototype nine lens nine lens multispektral cameramultispektral camera

1963 - 1963 - D. GreggD. Gregg, creates ", creates "videodiskvideodisk““

1964-1964- Nimbus Weather Satellite Program begins with Nimbus Weather Satellite Program begins with the Launch of the Launch of Nimbus1.Nimbus1.

Late 1960's - Late 1960's - GeminiGemini and and ApolloApollo Space Space photography. photography.

1972 - Launch of ERTS-1 (the first Earth Resources 1972 - Launch of ERTS-1 (the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite ,later renamed Technology Satellite ,later renamed Landsat 1Landsat 1).).1972 - Photography from 1972 - Photography from SkylabSkylab, America's first space , America's first space station, was used to produce land use maps. station, was used to produce land use maps. 1975 - 1975 - Landsat 2Landsat 2, , GOES GOES 1977 - 1977 - Meteosat-1Meteosat-1 the first in a long series of European the first in a long series of European weather satellites weather satellites 1978 - 1978 - Landsat 3Landsat 3 1978 - 1978 - SeasatSeasat, the first civil Synthetic Aperture Radar , the first civil Synthetic Aperture Radar ((SARSAR) satellite.) satellite.

1978 - Launch of 1978 - Launch of Nimbus-7Nimbus-7 with Total Ozone with Total Ozone Mapping Sensor (Mapping Sensor (TOMSTOMS) and the Coastal Zone ) and the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (Color Scanner (CZCSCZCS),),GOES-3.GOES-3.1981 - 1981 - Space-Shuttle Imaging RadarSpace-Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A), (SIR-A), Meteosat-2 Meteosat-2 1982 - 1982 - Landsat-4Landsat-41984 - 1984 - SIR-BSIR-B1984 - 1984 - Landsat-5Landsat-5

1986 - 1986 - SPOT-1SPOT-1

1986 - Launch of 1986 - Launch of SPOT-1 SPOT-1 1988 - 1988 - IRS-1AIRS-1A, , Meteosat 3Meteosat 3, , Ofeq-1 Ofeq-1 1989 - 1989 - Meteosat-4Meteosat-4, , Ofeq-2Ofeq-2 1990 - 1990 - SPOT-2 SPOT-2 1991 - 1991 - ERSERS (European Radar Satellite)(European Radar Satellite), , IRS-1BIRS-1B, , Meteosat-5Meteosat-5. . 1992 - 1992 - JERS-1JERS-1,,Topex/PoseidonTopex/Poseidon. . 1993 - 1993 - SPOT-3SPOT-3, , Landsat-6Landsat-6 fails to achieve orbit, fails to achieve orbit, Meteosat-6 Meteosat-6 1994 - 1994 - SIR-C/X-SARSIR-C/X-SAR flys on the space shuttle. flys on the space shuttle.

1995 - Launch of OrbView-1, 1995 - Launch of OrbView-1, ERS-2ERS-2, Radarsat-1, , Radarsat-1, IRS-IRS-1C1C, , Ofeq-3 fails. Ofeq-3 fails.

1995 - 1995 - KH-12 spy satelliteKH-12 spy satellite

1996 - Launch of 1996 - Launch of IRS-P3IRS-P3, , SPOT-3 failsSPOT-3 fails

1997 - 1997 - Orbview-2 Orbview-2 with with SeaWiFS, GOES-10,SeaWiFS, GOES-10, DMSP-5DDMSP-5D, , Adeos-1Adeos-1 satellite fails after 8 months of operation, satellite fails after 8 months of operation,IRS-IRS-1D1D, , Meteorsat-7Meteorsat-7, , LewisLewis fails 3 days after launch, fails 3 days after launch, EarlybirdEarlybird fails 4 days after launch. fails 4 days after launch.

1998 - Launch of 1998 - Launch of SPOT-4, SPIN-2SPOT-4, SPIN-2, , JERS-1JERS-1

1999 - Launch of 1999 - Launch of Landsat 7Landsat 7,,IKONOS ,IRS-P4IKONOS ,IRS-P4, , QuickSCATQuickSCAT, , CBERS-1CBERS-1,,TerraTerra, , MODISMODIS, , ASTERASTER, , CERESCERES, , MISRMISR,,MOPITTMOPITT, , Kompsat 1Kompsat 1. .

2000 - 2000 - SRTMSRTM (China),(China), Tsinghau-1Tsinghau-1 , , EROS A1EROS A1 (Israel) (Israel) , , Jason-1Jason-1

2001- 2001- QuickbirdQuickbird

2002 - 2002 - Aqua, SPOT-5Aqua, SPOT-5, , ENVISATENVISAT, , METSATMETSAT, , Alsat-1Alsat-1, , Meteosat SecondMeteosat Second GenerationGeneration, , ADEOS-IIADEOS-II, , Ofeq-5Ofeq-5

2003 - Launch of 2003 - Launch of ICESatICESat, , Orbview-3Orbview-3 2003 – Launch of 2003 – Launch of ALOSALOS (Advanced Land (Advanced Land Observation Satellite) Observation Satellite) JapanJapan2003 – Launch 2003 – Launch Radarsat-2 Radarsat-2 (CANADA), (CANADA),

CBERS-2 CBERS-2 (China).(China). DMC BilSatDMC BilSat (TURKEY)(TURKEY) DMC NigeriaSat-1DMC NigeriaSat-1 (Nigeria)(Nigeria)

DMC UKDMC UK (UK)(UK)

2004 - China Satellite 2004 - China Satellite RocSat2RocSat2 launched. launched.2005 - Launch of 2005 - Launch of TopSatTopSat, a micro-satellite, with 2.5 m resolution and , a micro-satellite, with 2.5 m resolution and the ability to relay imagery to receiving stations within the safe the ability to relay imagery to receiving stations within the safe image footprint.image footprint.2005 - Google Inc. releases Keyhole, 2005 - Google Inc. releases Keyhole, http://earth.google.comhttp://earth.google.com, , greatly increasing public awareness of the uses of satellite imagery greatly increasing public awareness of the uses of satellite imagery and other geospatial information. and other geospatial information.

Google earthGoogle earth

2007 – Expected launch of 2007 – Expected launch of RapidEye...RapidEye...

ReferancesReferances

A’dan Z’ye Fotograf - Özer KANBUROĞLUA’dan Z’ye Fotograf - Özer KANBUROĞLU

http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/remotesensinghistory.htmlremotesensinghistory.html

http://www.agrecon.canberra.edu.au/Remote/http://www.agrecon.canberra.edu.au/Remote/Remote.htmRemote.htm

http://www.nicephore-niepce.com/ http://www.nicephore-niepce.com/