History, political and economic background

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ANDREEA ALEXANDRA COPIL HISTORY, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND

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History, political and economic background. Andreea Alexandra Copil. The Canary Islands. Ancient times (428-348 B.C.) it was believed to be the remains of a sunken continent ( Plato’s Timaeus and Critias ) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of History, political and economic background

Page 1: History, political and  economic background

A N D R E E A A L E X A N D RA C O P I L

HISTORY, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND

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THE CANARY ISLANDS

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• Ancient times (428-348 B.C.) it was believed to be the remains of a sunken continent (Plato’s Timaeus and Critias)

• Mentioned in Pliny the Elder’s report to the Roman Empire (AD 23-79), also known as the Furtunate Isles

• The first inhabitants called Guanches come from the present day Tunisia and Marocco

• The language resembled the Berber tribal languages that were spoken in North Africa

• Some of the inhabitants might have come from a Northern African tribe called the Canarii tribe which would explain the island’s name

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• The first mapping of the islands was made in 1341• 1404-Lord of Normandy conquered three of the

islands with the help of the Spanish Empire• Conflict between Spain and Portugal for the

authority over the islands

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• 1483-colonization of the Canary Islands begin => many indigenous people were transported as slaves or converted to Christianity• The new inhabitants specialized in trading and

resupplying te passing ships in their way to the New World• Economy based on trade, fishing and sailing, later

sugar and winemaking, a tradition that is kept still nowadays• The islands were not a good place for agriculture

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• Due to the deportation of Canarians of slaves, the colonists turned to the importation of black slaves from Senegambia nearby Barbary Coast• During the 16th and 17th C. Moorish slaves were

captured from Mauritania and Marocco and served as crewmembers on Canary ships• With the independence of Portugal in 1640 the

Portuguese migration grew once more

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• Massive quantities of the population emigrated to Americas, mostly to Venezuela• In the second part of the 18th C. Canarian

islanders were taken to Louisiana to colonise it• Other Canarians emigrated to Puerto Rico or Cuba

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• At home, a growing feud for supremacy was going on between Tenerife and Gran Canaria• 1972-the archipelag is split in two: Tenerife, La

Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro in the west and Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and Lanzarote in the east

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FRANCO YEARS AND BEYOND

• Under Franco, Canary Islands’ economy as florished• Nationalism appears in 1963 supported by MPAIC• 1982- Canary Islands become a comunidad

autónoma but still divided into two provinces• Main political force is CC since first won the

elections in 1995• Lately, immigration has changed the Canary’s

population landscape => € 17 millions invested in education, health and infrastructure in Africa, transport and communication with the continent

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S A RA LÓ P E Z V I L L A RÁ N

CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL CANARIO

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EL CANARIO

• Modalidad lingüística del español atlántico o meridional• Grupo común con el andaluz y el español de

América• Aspectos en común con la modalidad andaluza: fónico y

gramatical. Distanciamiento en el léxico

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RASGOS FÓNICOS

• VOCALES: las mismas que el español insular

• CONSONANTES: variaciones con respecto al castellano

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RASGOS FÓNICOS: CONSONANTES

• Seseo generalizado• Aspiración de la /-s/ a final de sílaba• Pronunciación relajada (o aspirada del fonema

jota• Yeísmo• Pronunciación sonorizada y adherente de la /ch/• Reducción y neutralización de la sílaba: pérdida

de la /l/ o la /r/ a final de frase o palabra• Pérdida de la /-d-/ intervocálica en la desinencia

–ado, u otros contextos

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RASGOS FÓNICOS: CONSONANTES

• GRUPOS SOCIOLÓGICOS MÁS ESPECÍFICOS:

• Confusión de /r/ y /l/ implosivas: [barkón]; [saldina]

• Pronunciación aspirada de la /r/ ante /n/ y /l/: [cahne]; [buhla]; [ponehlo]

• Caída de la /-d-/ intervocálica

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RASGOS GRAMATICALES

• SISTEMA PRONOMINAL:• Uso del pronombre ustedes• Ausencia del leísmo, laísmo o loísmo• Especial empleo de su/suyo; el artículo con valor

posesivo

• SISTEMA VERBAL:• Uso preferente del pretérito indefinido• Sustitución de las formas propias del imperativo

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RASGOS LÉXICOS• Portuguerismos: enchumbrar, magua, liña, leito,

emborrallarse, maresía, engordar, perlujo• Americanismos: papa, guagua, guataca, guanajo,

gandola, bemba, macango, sambumbiar• Guanchismos: baifo tafor, tajorase, tajinaste o taginaste,

tagasaste, tabaiba, tedera, gofio, tagora…• Arcaísmos: bravo (furioso), curioso (cuidadoso, higiénico),

demorarse (tardar, retrasarse), liviano (ligero), empalambrarse (inflamarse), luego (pronto), pescudar (sonsacar arteramente)

• Andalucismos: sardinel, peoyatarse, embelesarse, barcina…

• Occidentalismos: peje, carozo…

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CARACTERÍSTICAS EN COMÚN CON EL ANDALUZ (RESUMEN)

• Seseo generalizado• Aspiración de la /-s/ a final de sílaba• Pronunciación relajada (o aspirada) del fonema jota• Reducción y neutralización de la sílaba: pérdida de la /l/ o la

/r/ a final de frase o palabra• Pérdida de la /-d-/ intervocálica en la desinencia –ado, u

otros contextos• Pronunciación aspirada de la /r/ ante /n/ y /l/• Uso del pronombre ustedes• Ausencia del leísmo, laísmo o loísmo• Léxico común (“andalucismos”)

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A N A S A N C H E Z C A LV I L LO

EL PRESTIGIO DE LA VARIEDAD DIALECTAL CANARIA

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• El canario es una variedad dialectal encuadrada dentro de la llamada "modalidad Atlántica" o español meridional

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• Alvar: “Las hablas de Canarias no son un dialecto, puesto que ni uno solo de sus rasgos fonéticos es privativamente suyo. Su léxico tampoco se diferencia de los otros hispánicos como para plantearse la independencia idiomática, ni su sintaxis y su morfología son exclusivas. Pertenece pues a las hablas hispánicas meridionales, en las que cabrían el extremeño del sur, el andaluz, el murciano y el español de América”

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• El hablante canario a través de algunos comportamientos manifiesta tener un concepto más bien negativo de su forma de hablar.

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RAZONES DE POR QUÉ EL HABLANTE CANARIO PIENSA QUE SU MODALIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA ES ALGO NEGATIVA:

• 1. El hecho de que el español tuviera su cuna en castilla influye sin duda en determinados hablantes, los cuales consideran que tal circunstancia implica que el español debe conservarse en esa zona mucho más puro que en cualquier otra latitud, y que por consiguiente, es esa modalidad la que debe tenerse, aún hoy, por ideal.

• 2. El hecho de que los organismos encargados de regular el uso del idioma hayan preconizado la observancia de los rasgos que caracterizan al español de castilla, con toda seguridad ha promovido entre los hablantes de otras modalidades hispanohablantes la idea de que existen diferencias cualitativas entre las mismas

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• 3. la estrecha cercanía en que se encuentra el español pretendidamente representativo, con relación a la ortografía, es algo que induce a pensar a determinados hablantes canarios o pertenecientes a otros ámbitos hispanohablantes, que entre las variedades diatópicas de una lengua, hay categorías. Es claro que los hablantes que así piensan consideran que la lengua escrita debe ser el espejo en que se mire la lengua hablada, y que no deber ser aquella a la que esté a expensas de esta, sino todo lo contrario

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• El hablante canario estima que existe una modalidad en nuestra lengua cualitativamente superior a las demás modalidades, las cuales serían simples deformaciones o degeneraciones de aquella.• el español de Canarias cubre las

necesidades comunicativas de sus usuarios tan aceptablemente como el español peninsular con relación a los suyos

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ESCASO VOCABULARIO

• Vocabulario activo: conjunto de términos que un hablante determinado utiliza cuando habla o cuando escribe.

• Vocabulario pasivo: comprende tanto los términos que el hablante emplea como aquellos que, pese a no utilizarlos, es capaz de interpretar.

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• Vocabulario activo: apreciamos una diferencia clara entre ambos tipos de hablantes, diferencia que pone de manifiesto una cierta perdida en el caso de los hablantes insulares.• Vocabulario pasivo: no se registran diferencias

notables entre los hablantes peninsulares y los hablantes canarios

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BIBLIOGRAFÍA.

• http://www.reference-global.com/doi/pdf/10.1515/IJSL.2008.053 

• http://spn346.wordpress.com/2010/08/11/acento-canario-%E2%80%93-carla-suarez-jugadora-de-tenis/.

• https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:nBCKE97T7lwJ:www4.ujaen.es/~ncontrer/docencia/dialec/apuntes%2520dialect.doc+el+canario+un+dialecto+desprestigiado&hl=es&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShUO7uBdss_tgYixx49rcoRJinK6MJYTmoaoYnGjHgDgLJ2N84pItUiFj45K3sxxfaqLhiqgvJVGzjJ_XI8miZC9XYzJ7sbw-z5wN7lJshVZaB7OrnZVIuQjP7leXe3FVD00Zdu&sig=AHIEtbROLGQ6NYZ_AlbafBd5pMQwbsxjYg.

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THE NOTION OF TRANSITION AND FUDGED LECTS.

RAC H E L G R E E N

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THE NOTION OF TRANSITION

Key questions in dialectology relating to the way in which dialect areas with continuous variation abut with one another:

Is there a limit to the kinds of variation that can exist between one speaker and his neighbour?

How do neighbours accommodate one another at a speech boundary?

How real is a speech boundary? These questions were traditionally answered by

the isogloss

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GRADUAL VS ABRUPT TRANSITION Geographical continuum = Gradual Polar extremes = Abrupt Isoglosses (and heteroglosses) imply that

linguistic variation is geographically abrupt. Whereas Chambers states that 'part of the

conventional wisdom of philology is that variation is not abrupt' (1980:126)

Geographical dialect continua – cumulative linguistic variation from place to place (see Chambers & Trudgill chapter 1.3 for further detail)

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Most dialectologists concur that variation in speech is transitional (i.e. gradual), not abrupt.

Textbooks treat isoglosses and dialect continua side by side with no mention of their incompatibility.

Only compatible if we use isogloss bundles rather than a single isogloss.

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ISOGLOSS BUNDLES Isogloss bundles (see

Chambers and Trudgill example of Rhenish fan) are lines in the same vicinity (the Rhine) but hardly ever contiguous. As we move through the area (the fan) we are essentially moving through a geographical dialect continuum.

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SUMMARY OF TRANSITION Transition is gradual rather than abrupt: one

linguistic feature of the dialect changes per area in a cumulative fashion.

We call this geographical dialect continua. The isogloss/heterogloss does not represent

geographical dialect continua. instead we must use a series of isoglosses

(isogloss bunches) to illustrate the gradual change.

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FUDGED LECTS Chambers and Trudgill did a sociolinguistic

survey in England of a corpus of words in which the vowel sound varied from the North to the South.

They found that speakers in intermediate East Anglia and the East Midlands had “mixed lects”, that is they used a combination of different vowel sounds: the northern vowel sound in some words and the southern alternative in others.

Within the same area there also exists “fudged lects”

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Some speakers were found to use neither the northern vowel sound nor the southern vowel sound, but instead a hybrid of the the two phone types.

The compromise is a “fudge” of the two phone types, hence the name “fudged lects”

Further to this there exists “scrambled lects” where the speaker uses all of the previously mentioned phone types, that is, the northern, the southern and the fudged variations.

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SUMMARY

Areas where several variants of a variable occur (in different distributions), are said to have “Mixed Lects”

Areas where the main form of the variable is a compromise (“fudge”) between the extremes are said to have “Fudged Lects”

Areas in which all of the above forms of the variable occur are said to have “Scrambled Lects”

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Chambers, J. K. & Trudgill, P. (1980) Dialectology Cambridge University Press: London

• Julia Becker Richards Vowel Variability in a Linguistic Transition Zone International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 51, No. 4, Oct., 1985

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UN CHISTE CANARIO

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNasnp4BeRk