History of Sport Utility Vehicles

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Sport utility vehicleFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"SUV" redirects here. For other uses, seeSUV (disambiguation).

This article is written like apersonal reflection or opinion

essaythat states the Wikipedia editor's particularfeelingsabout a

topic, rather than the opinions of experts. Pleasehelp improve itby

rewriting it in anencyclopedic style.(October 2012)

19951998Ford Explorerbuilt on a light-truck chassis

A sport utility vehicleor suburban utility vehicle(SUV) is a vehicle similar to astation

wagonor estate car, usually equipped withfour-wheel drivefor on- or off-road ability. Some

SUVs include thetowing capacityof apickup truckwith the passenger-carrying space of

aminivanor largesedan.

TheJeep Cherokeeof 1983 and especially theFord Explorerof 1990 made SUVs popular for

mothers and families in the late 1980s and early 1990s, despite their reputation as dangerous

vehicles[1](thoughminivanshave done poorly on safety tests as well).[2]By 1994 SUVs

outsoldminivansin the United States.[3][4]Peaking in the late 1990s and early to mid 2000s, SUVs

sales temporarily declined due to high oil prices and a declining economy. The traditional truck-

based SUV is gradually being supplanted by thecrossover SUV,which uses anautomobile

platformfor lighter weight and betterfuel efficiency,as a response to much of thecriticism of

sport utility vehicles.By 2010, SUV sales around the world were growing, in spite of high gas

prices.

Contents[hide]

1 Definitions

o 1.1 North America

o 1.2 Other markets

2 Designs

3 History

o 3.1 Origins

o 3.2 Popularity

4 Use in remote areas

5 Use in recreation and motorsport

6 Luxury SUV

7 Other names
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#ESSAYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#ESSAYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#ESSAYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#ESSAYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport_utility_vehicle&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport_utility_vehicle&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport_utility_vehicle&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Encyclopedic_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Encyclopedic_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Encyclopedic_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickup_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickup_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickup_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Definitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Definitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Other_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Other_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Popularityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Popularityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Use_in_remote_areashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Use_in_remote_areashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Use_in_recreation_and_motorsporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Use_in_recreation_and_motorsporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Luxury_SUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Luxury_SUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Other_nameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Other_nameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Other_nameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Luxury_SUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Use_in_recreation_and_motorsporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Use_in_remote_areashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Popularityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Designshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Other_marketshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#Definitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep_Cherokeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickup_truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Encyclopedic_stylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport_utility_vehicle&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#ESSAYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#ESSAYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV_(disambiguation)


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8 See also

9 References

10 Further reading

11 External links

Definitions[edit]According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a "sport utility vehicle" is "a rugged automotive

vehicle similar to a station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis".[5]The "SUV" term is defined

as "a large vehicle that is designed to be used on rough surfaces but that is often used on city

roads or highways."[6]The "SUV" acronym "is still used to describe nearly anything with available

all-wheel drive and raised ground clearance."[7]

North America[edit]

There is no one definition for an SUV.[8]Most government regulations simply have categories for

"off-highway vehicles," which in turn are lumped in with pickup trucks and minivans as "light

trucks."[8]The auto industry has not settled on one definition.[8]

Nevertheless, four-wheel-drive SUVs are consideredlight trucksin North America (and two-

wheel-drive SUVs up to the 2011 model year[9])where they were regulated less strictly than

passenger cars under two laws in the United States, theEnergy Policy and Conservation Actfor

fuel economy, and theClean Air Actfor emissions.[10]Starting in 2004, theUnited States

Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) began to hold sport utility vehicles to the same tailpipe

emissions standards as cars.[11]

Many people question "how can an SUV be called a truck?"[12]Although the original definition ofthe "light truck" classification includedpickupsand delivery vans, usually SUVs andminivansare

included in this category because these vehicles are designed to "permit greater cargo-carying

capacity than passenger carrying volume.[12]Manufacturing, emissions, and safety regulations in

the U.S. classify "an SUV is a truck"; however, for local licensing and traffic enforcement, "an

SUV may be a truck or a car" because the classification of these vehicles varies from state to

state.[13]For industry production statistics, SUVs are counted in the light truck product segment.[14]

Other markets[edit]

The term is not used in all countries, and outside North America the terms "off-road vehicle","four-wheel drive" or "four-by-four" (abbreviated to "4WD" or "44") or simply use of the brand

name to describe the vehicle like "Jeep"or "Land Rover"are more common.

In Europe, the term SUV has a similar meaning, but being newer than in the U.S. it only applies

to the newer street oriented one, where-as "Jeep", "Land Rover"or 4x4 are used for the off-

roader oriented ones. Not all SUVs have four-wheel drive capabilities, and not all four-wheel-

drive passenger vehicles are SUVs. Although some SUVs have off-road capabilities, they often

play only a secondary role, and SUVs often do not have the ability to switch among two-wheel

and four-wheel-drive high gearing and four-wheel-drive low gearing. While automakers tout an

SUV's off-road prowess with advertising and naming, the daily use of SUVs is largely on paved

roads.
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In India, all SUVs are classified in the "Utility Vehicle" category per theSociety of Indian

Automobile Manufacturers(SIAM) definitions and carry a 27% excise tax.[15]Those that are 4

metres (157 inches) long, have a 1,500 cc (92 cu in) engine or larger, along with 170 mm (6.7 in)

of ground clearance, are subject to a 30% excise duty.[16]

Designs[edit]

Although designs vary, SUVs have historically been mid-size passenger vehicles with abody-on-

framechassis similar to that found onlight trucks.Early SUVs were mostly two-door models, and

were available with removable tops. However, consumer demand pushed the SUV market

towards four doors, by 2002 all full-size two-door SUVs were gone from the market. Two-door

SUVs were mostly carry-over models, and their sales were not viable enough to warrant a

redesign at the end of their design cycle. TheJeep Wranglerremained as a compact two-door

body style, although it was also joined by a four-door variant starting with the 2007 model year,

the Wrangler Unlimited.[17]The number of two-door SUV models increased in the 2010s with the

release of theRange Rover Evoqueand theNissan Muranoconvertible, although both vehicles

areunibodydesigns.

Most SUVs are designed with an engine compartment, a combined passenger and cargo

compartment, and no dedicated trunk such as in astation wagonbody. Most mid-size and full-

size SUVs have three rows of seats with a cargo area directly behind the last row of seats.Cargo

barriersare often fitted to the cargo area to protect the vehicles occupants from injury from

unsecured cargo in the event of sudden deceleration or collision.

SUVs are known for high ground clearance, upright, boxy body, and highH-point.This can make

them more likely to roll over due to their highcenter of gravity.Bodies of SUVs have recently

become more aerodynamic, but the sheer size and weight keeps theirfuel economypoor.

Mini SUV

Main article:Mini sport utility vehicle

Fiat 500X,mini

A mini SUV (also called subcompact SUV or subcompact crossover) is a class of small sport

utility vehicles. The term usually applies to crossovers based on asupermini(B-segment cars in

Europe) platform such as theDaihatsu Terios,Chevrolet Trax,Mini Countryman,Opel Mokka,

andRenault Captur.
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Compact SUV

Main article:Compact sport utility vehicle

BMW X1,compact

A compact SUV is a class of smaller SUVs that are commonly built with less cargo and

passenger space, and often with smaller engines resulting in better fuel economy, the term is

often interchangeable withcrossover SUV.Examples include:Ford Escape,Jeep

Cherokee,Honda CR-V,Mahindra Quanto,Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class,koda Yeti,ToyotaRAV4,andVolkswagen Tiguan.

Mid-size SUV

Hyundai Santa Fe,mid-size

A mid-size SUV is a class of medium-size SUVs whose size typically falls between that of a full-

size and a compact SUV. This term is not commonly used outside North America, where fullsize

and midsize SUVs are considered similar. Some examples are:Acura MDX,Jeep Grand

Cherokee,Ford Edge,Dodge Journey,Nissan Murano,Land Rover Discovery,Tata

Safari,Ssangyong Rexton,andMazda CX-7.

Full-size SUVMercedes-Benz GL,full-size

A full-size SUV is a class of large-size SUVs that are most often larger than Midsize SUVs and

much larger than Compact SUVs. They have greater cargo and passenger space than midsize

SUVs. Full Size SUVs are usually given higher safety ratings than their smaller counterparts.

Some examples include:Chevrolet Tahoe,Ford Expedition,Nissan Armada,Nissan Patrol,

andToyota Land Cruiser.

Extended-length SUV
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Cadillac Escalade,extended

An extended length SUV, also sometimes called a long-wheel based SUV, are vehicles that are

similar to a full-size SUV, except that these vehicles have a larger cargo area (around 130 in

(3.30 m)) and passenger space that can seat up to 8 or 9 people (with the available third row

seating that when folded or removed adds more cargo space). Although these extended length

SUVs are mostly sold in North America because of their size and the roads are made and

designed differently, they can also be found in other countries, exported to such places like The

Philippines and The Middle East. The vehicles are 221 in (5.61 m) to 223 in (5.66 m) in length

and can be distinguished by the rear wheel area not touching the rear doors. Vehicles built under

this segment are theChevrolet Suburban,GMC Yukon XL,Cadillac Escalade ESV,Ford

Expedition EL,andLincoln Navigator L.

History[edit]Origins[edit]

Early SUVs were descendants from commercial andmilitary vehiclesas theWorld War

IIJeep[18]

andLand Rover.[19]

The earliest examples of longer-wheelbase wagon-type SUVs were theChevrolet Carryall

Suburban(1935, RWD only),GAZ-61(1938, 44),Willys Jeep Station Wagon(1948), Pobeda

M-72 (GAZ-M20/1955), which Russian references credit as possibly being the first modern SUV

(with unitary body rather than body-on-frame),International Harvester Travelall(1953),Land

Rover SeriesII 109 (1958), and theInternational Harvester Scout80 (1961). These were

followed by the more 'modern'Jeep Wagoneer(1963),International Harvester ScoutII

(1971),Ford Bronco(1966),Toyota Land CruiserFJ-55 (1968), theChevrolet Blazer / GMC

Jimmy(1969), and the Land RoverRange Rover(1970). The actual term "sport utility vehicle"

did not come into wide popular usage until the late 1980s; many of these vehicles were marketed

during their era asstation wagons.

According to Robert Casey, the transportation curator at theHenry Ford Museum,theJeep

Cherokee (XJ)was the first true sport utility vehicle in the modern understanding of the

term.[20]Developed under the leadership of AMC'sFranois Castaingand marketed to urban

families as a substitute for a traditional car (and especially station wagons, which were still fairly

popular at the time), the Cherokee had four-wheel drive in a more manageable size (compared to

the full-size Wagoneer), as well as a plush interior resembling a station wagon.[20]With the

introduction of more luxurious models and a much more powerful 4-liter engine, sales of theCherokee increased even higher as the price of gasoline fell, and the term "sport utility vehicle"
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began to be used in the national press for the first time.[20]"The advent and immediate success of

AMC/Jeep's compact four-door Cherokee turned the truck industry upside down."[21]

Thecorporate average fuel economy(CAFE) standard was ratified in the 1970s to regulate the

fuel economy of passenger vehicles. Car manufacturers evaded the regulation by selling SUVs

as work vehicles.[22]The popularity of SUV increased among urban drivers in the last 25 years,

and particularly in the last decade. Consequently, modern SUVs are available withluxury

vehiclefeatures, and somecrossovermodels adopt lower ride heights to accommodate on-road

driving.

Keith Bradsherexplained the rise of the SUV withAmerican Motors'(AMC)lobbyingtheUnited

States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) for awaiverof theUnited States Clean Air Act.

The EPA subsequently designated AMC's compact Cherokee as a "light truck", and the company

marketed the vehicle to everyday drivers.[23]AMC's effort to affectrulemakingchanging the official

definition of their new model then led to the SUV boom when other auto makers marketed theirown models in response to the Cherokee taking sales from their regular cars.[24]

Jeep Cherokee: SUV trendsetter as designed by AMC

Popularity[edit]

SUVs became popular in the United States, Canada, India and Australia in the 1990s and early-

2000s. U.S. automakers could enjoy profit margins of $10,000 per SUV, while losing a few

hundred dollars on a compact car.[25]For example, theFord Excursioncould net the company

$18,000, while they could not break even with theFord Focusunless the buyer chose

options,[26][27]leadingDetroit's big three automakersto focus on SUVs over small cars.

The higher cost of union labor in the U.S. and Canada compared to the lower wages of non-

union workers at non-U.S. companies likeToyota,made it unprofitable for American auto makers

to build small cars in the U.S.[28]For example, theGeneral Motorsfactory inArlington,

Texaswhere rear-wheel-drive cars were built, such as theChevrolet Caprice,Buick Roadmaster,

andCadillac Fleetwood Broughamwas converted totruckand SUV production, putting an end to

full-size familystation wagonand overall terminating production ofrear-wheel drivefull-size cars.

Due to the shift in the Big Three's strategy, many long-running cars like theFord Taurus,Buick

CenturyandPontiac Grand Prixfell behind their Japanese competitors in features and image

(relying more on fleet sales instead of retail and/or heavy incentive discounts); some were

discontinued.[29][30][31]
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7/10

A crash test by theInsurance Institute for Highway Safetyshows the damage to a compactFord Focusstruck by

aFord ExplorerSUV

Buyers were drawn to SUVs' large cabins, higherride height,and perceivedsafety.Full-size

SUVs often offered features such as three-row seating, to effectively replace full-sizestation

wagonsandminivans.Wagons were seen as old-fashioned. Additionally, full-size SUVs have

greater towing capabilities than conventional cars, and can haultrailers,travel trailers

(caravans)and boats. Increased ground clearance is useful in climates with heavy snowfall. The

very low oil prices of the 1990s helped to keep down running costs. The SUV was one of the

most popular choices of vehicle for female drivers in the U.S.[32][33]

Social scientists have drawn on popular folklore such asurban legendsto illustrate how

marketers have been able to capitalize on the feelings of strength and security offered by

SUVs.[34]Popular tales include narratives where mothers save the family from armedrobberyand

other incidents by taking the automobile off road, for example.

In Australia, SUV sales were helped by the fact that SUVs had much lowerimport dutythan

passenger cars did, so that they cost less than similarly equipped imported sedans. However,

this gap was gradually narrowed, and in January 2010 the import duty on cars was lowered to

match the 5 percent duty on SUVs.[35][36]

Sales of SUVs and other light trucks fell in the mid-2000s because of high oil prices and declining

economy. In June 2008,General Motorsannounced plans to close four truck and SUV plants,

including theOshawa Truck Assembly.[28]The company cited decreased sales of large vehicles in

the wake of rising fuel prices.[37]The business model of focusing on SUVs and light trucks, at the

expense of more fuel-efficient compact and midsized cars, is blamed for declining sales and

profits amongDetroit's Big Three automakerssince the midlate-2000s. The Big Three were

slower to adapt than their Japanese rivals in producing small cars to meet growing demand dueto inflexible manufacturing facilities, which made it unprofitable to build small cars.[38]However,

starting in 2010 SUV and light truck sales have started an upward trend due to lower gas prices

and a revival of the North American economy.[39]In 2013, General Motors saw its sales for its

large SUVs increased by 74%, making them the largest producer of SUVs in the United

States.[40]However, the "small and compact SUVs, when compared with other vehicles in the light

truck segment, has made this vehicle segment the third highest selling vehicle segment in the

automotive market in 2013."[14]With the redesigned GM and Ford large SUVs being introduced in

2014 (for the 2015 model year), it has seen a slight resurgence among consumers due to better

fuel economy and new engines, along with updated and newer features.[41]
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legendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_trailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_trailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance_Institute_for_Highway_Safety


8/10

Use in remote areas[edit]

SUVs are sometimes driven off-road on farms and in remote areas of such places as

theAustralian Outback,Africa, the Middle East, Alaska, Canada, Iceland, South America, Russia

and parts of Asia which have limited paved roads and require a vehicle to have all-terrain

handling, increased range, and storage capacity. The scarcity of spare parts and the need to

carry out repairs quickly resulted in the popularity of vehicles with the bare minimum of electric

and hydraulic systems, such as the basic versions of theLand Rover,Jeep Wrangler,Nissan

PatrolandToyota Land Cruiser.SUVs for urban driving have traditionally been developed from

their more rugged all-terrain counterparts. For example, theHummer H1was developed from

theHMMWV,originally developed for themilitary of the United States.[citation needed]

As many SUV owners never used theoff-roadcapabilities of their vehicle, newer SUVs

(includingcrossovers)now havelower ground clearanceand suspension designed primarily for

paved roads.[42]

Some buyers choose SUVs because they have more interior space thansedansof similar sizes.

In areas with gravel roads in summer and snow and ice in winter, four-wheel drives offer a safety

advantage due to their traction advantages under these conditions.[citation needed]

The sport utility vehicles have also gained popularity in some areas of Mexico, especially in

desert areas or in cities where drivers frequently encounterpotholes,detours, high water and

rough roads. Increasing use is also attributed to the high number of dirt roads outside major

population centers, resulting inwashboardandmudin therainy seasons.[43]

Use in recreation and motorsport[edit]

Some highly modified SUVs, together with their more rugged off-road counterparts, are also used

to explore places otherwise unreachable by other vehicles. In Australia, China, Europe, South

Africa, South America and the United States at least, 4WD clubs have been formed for this

purpose. Modified SUVs also take part in races, including theParis-Dakar Rally,the Baja racing

series, TREC events, King of the Hammers in California and theAustralian Outback.[citation needed]

TheTrophee Androsice-racing series is another competition where SUVs participate as well.

Many 44 mud racing events and other activities take place throughout the US organized byclubs and associations.

Luxury SUV[edit]

Numerousluxury vehiclesin the form of SUVs and pickup trucks are being produced. Luxury

SUV is principally amarketing termto sell fancier vehicles that may have higher performance,

comfort, technology, or brand image. The term lacks both measurability and verifiability, and it is

applied to a broad range of SUV sizes and types.[citation needed]

Nevertheless, the marketing category was created in 1966 withKaiser Jeep's luxuriousSuperWagoneer.[44][45]It was the first SUV to offer aV8 engine,automatic transmission,and luxury car
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trim and equipment in a serious off-road model. It came withbucket seating,air conditioning,sun

roof,and even avinyl roof.Land Rover followed suit in 1970 by introducing theRange Rover.

The trend continued with other competitors adding comfort features to their rudimentary and

truck-based models.

The production of luxury models increased in the late-1990s with vehicles such as theLincoln

NavigatorandCadillac Escalade.These luxury SUVs generated higher profit margins than non-

luxury SUVs did.[46][47]For some auto makers, luxury SUVs were the first SUV models they

produced. Some of these models are not traditional SUVs based on light truck as they are

classified ascrossovers.

The luxury SUV class encompasses both smaller 5-passenger SUVs and larger 7-passenger

SUVs, with luxury features both inside of the cabin but also in the outside. Buyers looking for a

luxury vehicle that offers more cargo capacity than asedanmay prefer a luxury SUV. This is also

a vehicle aimed for those who prefer an SUV with a little more style.[48]

Luxury SUVs typically offer the most expected safety features including sideairbags,ABS

andtraction control,and many of them also come withelectronic stability control,crash resistant

door pillars, dynamic head restraints and back-up sensing systems.[48]

The U.S. News & World Report Rankings and Reviews ranks premium midsize SUVs and

crossovers based on an in-depth analysis by its editors of published auto ratings, reviews and

test drives.[49]Ranking is based on the score on performance, exterior, interior, safety, and

reliability obtained by the vehicles.

Other names[edit]

SUVs such as theRange Roverare sometimes referred to as "Toorak tractors" in Australia, referencing the

affluentMelbournesuburb ofToorak

In Australia and New Zealand, the term SUVis not widely used, except by motoring

organizations,[50]the press,[51]and industry bodies.[52]Passenger class vehicles designed for off-

road use are known as 'four-wheel drives', '4WDs', or '44s'. Some manufacturers do refer to

their products as SUVs, but others invented names such as XUV,[53](HSV Avalanche

XUVorGMC Envoy XUV)or action utility vehicles (AUVs).[54]The term 'AWD', or all-wheel drive,

is used for any vehicle which drives on all four wheels, but may not be designed for off-road use.

'Crossover'is a marketing term for a vehicle that is both four-wheel-drive and primarily a road

car.
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MC_Envoy_XUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSV_Avalanche_XUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSV_Avalanche_XUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toorak,_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbournehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sport_utility_vehicle&action=edit&section=11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-Buying_Guide_to_New_Luxury_SUVs-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbagshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-Buying_Guide_to_New_Luxury_SUVs-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Escaladehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_Rover_Classichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_roofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_roofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_roofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_seating


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Thepejorativeterm "Toorak Tractor" is used in Australia to describe vehicles such asRange

Roversused in wealthy urban areas with fine roads, fine dining, and exclusive designer shopping

precincts where off-road ability is not required. The term alludes to the affluentMelbournesuburb

ofToorakand was used at least as early as the late 1980s. The equivalent term "Chelsea

Tractor" became prominent in the United Kingdom around 2004 to describe vehicles such luxury

SUVs used in urban areas such asChelsea, London,where their four-wheel-drive capabilities

are not required and the car is believed to be a status symbol rather than a necessity.[55]The term

"44" (four-by-four) is also common even for vehicles not used in urban areas. "AWD" is not

commonly used in the UK. The less capable SUVs also pick up the name "soft-roader" because

while they appear designed to go off road, in many cases they're not actually capable of it.

In Norway the term "Brstraktor" (Stock Exchange Tractor) serves a similar purpose.[56]

In Finland the term "katumaasturi" is commonly used to designate SUVs.[57][58]It roughly translates

to street-off-roader, or street-44. This marks the difference with what is called "maasturi" whichis a vehicle with off-road capability.
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History of Sport Utility Vehicles

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