HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT OF NEPAL

HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL

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HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT OF NEPAL

INTRODUCTIONThe history of road development in Nepal is not very long.The first motorable road was constructed in the Kathmandu valley in 1924.In the 1950s.the road length of the country was only 376 km . Currently 18,828 km including District and Urban Roads.

HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT OF NEPALThe Government of Nepal (GON) has been giving high priority to the development of roads since the beginning of planned development programmes in 1956.Linking of Kathmandu with the southern border was taken up in 1953 with Indian assistance and was opened for traffic in 1956.The Government of China constructed the KathmanduKodari (Northern Border) road in 1966.

HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT OF NEPALThe same time, the Government of Nepal initiated to construct the eastwest highway (1,028Km) with the support of bilateral and multilateral agencies.The national highways together with the feeder roads constitute the Strategic Road Network (SRN) of the country.The district roads together with village roads constitute the District Road Network.

HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT OF NEPALAt present, the SRN consists of 15 national highways and 51 feeder roads totaling 7,917 km.The government plans to extend SRN to 9,900 km by 2016 .The principal agencies involved in planning stages of a project are the, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (DoR), DoLIDAR,Ministry of Finance, and National Planning Commission.

Agencies involved in road development1. Department of Roads2. DoLIDAR3 . MUNICIPALITIES

Historical Background of Roads in Nepal - DOR

History of road in Nepal can be divided into three periods:1.During Rana Regime or before Democracy of 2007 B.S.2.Between 2007 B.S. to 2027 B.S.3.After 2027 B.S. (formulation and continuation of road development strategy)

During Rana regime before Democracy of 2007 B.S., Construction and Maintenance of Roads in Kathmandu were carried out.Towards the end of the Rana Regime, a new office named Naya Batokaj Adda was created constructing new roads and it had began survey for connecting Kathmandu to Hetauda in 2007 B.S. single lane macadam Bhimphedi-Amlekhgunj stone/ brick paved all weather road, Butawal-Bhairahawa road were constructed.There was no blacktop road in the country.

After Democracy in 2007 B.S. Public Works Department. India built, by their army engineers, the Tribhuvan Rajpath connecting Kathmandu to Bhainse thus opening Kathmandu to outside by a motorable road in 2013 B.S. Royal Nepal Army made Kanti Rajpath but it had to be abandoned due to lack of resources.In 2012 B.S. the 77km. Hetauda-Narayangadh an all weather two lane gravel road was taken up and completed in 2015 B.S. an organization called the road transport Organization (RTO) was created with three chief engineers(Nepal, India and US) to plan and built a number of north-south roads

The project did not work satisfactorily and was wound up in 2018 B.S. In 2020 B.S. King Mahendra constituted an East-West Highway committee under his own chairmanship and started at Gaidakot on the 1st Baishakh 2019 B.S. An earth track along the length of the country was built from 2018 to 2026 B.S. the Kodari highway, which connected Kathmandu to China in the north had been undertaken. through a unified department in 2022 B.S. The first long term road development plan was formulated with the involvement of Several Advisors in 2024 B.S.

From 2027 B.S. to 2032 B. S. Road Development Strategy used for Development of National Highways and Feeder Roads From 2032 B.S. to 2038 B.S the Strategic Road Network was developed. Feeder Road Project was carried out from 2038 B.S. to 2044 B.S. projects under RFRP funded by IDA were carried out from 2044 B.S. to 2048 B.S. construction and maintenance of SRN were done from 2048 B. S. to 2049 B. S. Implementation of AHMP in 2050 B. S. Initiation of Priority Investment Plan I, Implementation of Projects under RMDP funded by IDA were taken up from 2051 B.S.to 2053 B.S. Initiation of Transport policy, Initiation of Bardibas-Sindhuli Road Project taken up from 2054 B.S. to 2056B.S.

20 years Master Plan of DOR was made from 2056 B.S. to 2058 B.S. Road Board was established on 2061 B.S. Finalization of Priority Investment plan-II, Finalization of Sub regional Transport facilitation Project were carried out from 2061 B.S. to 2064 B.S. Initiation of Terai Road Project (Indian Grant), Feasibility Study of North-South Fast Track, Widening of Koteshwor-Bhaktapur Sector (6 lane) of Ariniko Highway 9.1 Km (JICA), from 2064 B.S. to 2066 B.S.

Kathmadu-Bhaktapur Road Project

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Transit Route Via Nepal

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The Mid-Hill highway was started from 2064 B.S. implementation of North-South Corridor Road Project, were carried out from 2066 B.S. Initiation of extension of inner Ring Road (8 lane) China aid is carried out and just preliminary survey is completed by Chinese technical team till date.Out of 75 District Headquarters 4 district headquarters (Chame- Manang, Dunai -Dolpa, Simikot- Humla, Gamgadhi- Mugu) are remaining to connected by road network till date.

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INVOLVEMENT OF DoLIDAR IN ROAD SECTOR

DoLIDARESTD:2055 Bhadra 08OBJECTIVE: Construction of local level roadDoLIDARRAIDPDRILPRRRSDP

RAIDPFinancial assistance of the World Bank Grant No H-171-NEPRAIDP was developed on the basis of two years pilot project (February 2005 to 2007)Construct 585 km rural roadsThe project was extended from July, 2010 to December ,2013

Operating in 30 districts Proposed road length is 611.261km (Otta-seal-161.339km ,gravel-408.118km, earthen- 41.804km)

DRILPPhase-IStarted-2008Constructed 500km roads in Hilly and Himalayan region of 18 districts Phase-IIProposed 450km

RRRSDPConstructed 900km roads in Hilly and Tarai region of 20 districtsPlan to construct 300 km by next year

Urban Roads

Category of RoadsHighwaysFeeder roadsUrban roadsDistrict roadsVillage roads

OverviewThe National Road Network comprises 18,828 km roads4977 km Strategic roads-National highways and District Roads 1984 km Urban roads 8347 km District roads.

Urban RoadsInclude Roads within the Urban LimitsProvide access toAbbuting residentialsBusiness areasIndustrial areas

Trip Purpose

Work tripShopping tripSocial & recreational tripBusiness tripSchool trips

Urban trip characteristics

Temporal distribution of trip making Spatial distribution of tripModal distribution of trip making

Urban Road status2004, DOR, there are 2259.9 km of urban road network in the country.In 1992, there were only 325 km of motor -able road in the Kathmandu valleyOf the total 150 km were considered to be in poor condition.27 km Ring Road connecting the inner part

Present Status From Kalanki S.NRoad SectionLengthBlack Top Width (m)Remarks(Km)PreviousNow1Soalteemod Kalanki1.25716Completed2Kalanki Sitapaila0.621025.7590% Completed3Kalanki Balkhu0.421025.7585% Completed4Kalanki Nagdhunga0.46.5220+000 to 0+400 m from Kalanki Chowk.(Total length 9.11 km)0.5471670% Completed

Plan Of Kalanki Intersection

LiabilitiesMinistry of Local Development MunicipalitiesRespective District Development Committees

Making use of local resourcesForeign Aids

Existing Road Pattern in Kathmandu

Future Plans for Ring RoadProposed 72 km long Outer Ring Road [ORR] Extension of inner ring road China AidComprises of 50 m wide roaddevelopment of 250 m of land on either side through land pooling techniqueTo sustain the population growth for 15-20 years through planned urban development.

Proposed ORR with Radial Roads

Proposed ORR