History of photography

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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY By meg

description

this tells you the history of photography in short slideshow

Transcript of History of photography

Page 1: History of photography

HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY

By meg

Page 2: History of photography

The word photography

came from two Greek words

that mean "writing with

light." The first time the

word "photography" was

used was in 1839, the year

the invention of the

photographic process was

made public, by Sir John

Herschel

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CAMERA OBSCURAGo in the a dark room on a bright day, make a

hole in the window cover and the outside is

projected inside but its upside down the picture

is in full colour. Its explained by some laws of

physics, light travels in a straight line when

some of the rays reflected from a bright subject

pass through a small hole in thin material they

do not scatter but cross and reform as an upside

down image on a flat surface held parallel to the

hole. This law of optics was known in ancient

times.

Camera = Latin for “room”Obscura = Latin for “dark”

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About 2,400 years ago (4th Century B.C.) the famous philosopher Aristotle talked about a pinhole image formation in his work. He wondered why "when light shines through a rectangular peep-hole, it appears circular in the form of a cone?" He didn't find an answer to his question and the problem wasn't answered until about 2,000 years later in the 1500s.

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The earliest mention of the camera obscura was in 5th

century BC by a Chinese philosopher Mo-Ti. He recorded this

creation of an inverted image formed by rays of light

passing through a pinhole vin a dark room he called this

darken room a "collecting place" or the "locked treasure

room." In 1490 Leonardo Da Vinci gave two descriptions of

the camera obscura in his notebooks. Many of the first

camera obscuras were large rooms like that illustrated by

the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for use

in observing a solar eclipse.

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This is the French inventor Nicephore Niepce was

born in 1765, he was fascinated by lithography but

unskilled at drawing. He sought out away to take

images of nature, in 1826-27 he captured an image

from his workroom window using light sensitive

chemicals on a piece of metal This was the first

permanent photograph. He kept his process a

secret until 1829, when he partnered with Louis-

Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.

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THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH

On a summer day in 1827, Nicephore Niepce made the first photographic

image with a camera obscura. Prior to Niepce people just used the camera

obscura for viewing or drawing purposes not for making photographs.

Joseph Nicephore Niepce's heliographs or sun prints as they were called

were the prototype for the modern photograph, by letting light draw the

picture. Niepce placed an engraving onto a metal plate coated in bitumen,

and then exposed it to light. When he placed the metal plate in a solvent

eventually an image ,before then invisible, appeared. However, his

photograph took eight hours of light exposure to create and after

appearing would soon fade away.

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EXAMPLES OF CAMERA OBSCURAS

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1834

Henry talbot creates permanent negative image

using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a

salt solution. Talbot created positive images by

contact printing onto another sheet of paper.

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DAGUERREOTYPELouis Daguerre, a French artist and scenic painter. Daguerre had

began experimenting with ways of fixing the images formed by

the camera obscura around 1824, in 1829 he made a partnership

with Niepce. After the death of his partner he continued to

experiment with copper plates coated with silver iodide to produce

direct positive pictures. he discovered the latent image on an

exposed plate could be "developed" with the fumes from warmed

mercury. The use of mercury vapour meant that photographic

images could be produced in twenty to thirty minutes rather than

hours. In 1837, Daguerre found a way of "fixing" the photographic

images with a solution of common salt. Two years later, he got a

suggestion from Sir John Herschel and used thiosulphate of soda

as the fixing agent

This is another French inventor Louis Daguerre he worked with Nicephore Niepce before he died. Louis was born in 1787 and died in 1851 he was born in Cormeilles, France

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1841

Tablot patents his process under the name calotype

also known as tintypes

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1846

Associated press:

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1851

Fredrick scott archer, a sculptor in london, improves

photography resolution by spreading a mixture of

collodion and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate

collodion photography was much cheaper than

daguerreotypes the negative/ positive process

permitted unlimited reproductions.

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1855-57

Direct positive images on glass (ambortypes) and

metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) were popular in the us

3 million tintypes produced in the mid 1800s.

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1861

Scottish physicist James Maxwell demonstrates a

colour photo system which included 3 black and

white photos each taken through a green, blue and

red filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides

and projected in the same colour filter.

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1871

An English doctor, Richard Maddox, proposes the use

of emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass

plate (the dry plate)

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1877Eadweard Muybridge who was born in England then moved

to America. He began as a landscape photographer

acquiring a suitable reputation. He was then requested by

the former governor of California he began to take photos of

horses to see how they moved. His early work required for

him to take a picture at precisely the right time, however in

1878 he conducted an experiment to take a sequence of

images in quick succession .

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KODAK In 1888 George Eastman invented dry, transparent and

flexible, photographic film (or rolled photography film)

and the kodak cameras could use the new film. He

wanted to make it so anyone could take a picture not

just trained photographers. In 1883 he announced the

invention of photographic film in rolls. The camera

came with 100 exposures and once they were used

people would send the cameras with the rolls back to

the factory in new York where the photos would be

developed then sent back to the person with a new roll

as well.

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EARLY 35MM CAMERAS.

The first patent for one was given to Leo, Audobard and Baradat in

england in 1908. the first full scale production camera was the

homeos (a stereo camera) produced by jules richard in 1903. it took

stereo pairs 18x24 with 2 tessar lenses it was sold until 1920.

The first 35mm big seller was the American Tourist Multiple, also

appearing in 1913, this camera cost $175 in 1913 (which by todays

standards is the equal of $3000 lecia)it took either 800 half frame or

400 full frame shots on 50ft rolls.

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INSTANT CAMERAAn instant camera is a type of camera that

generates a developed film image. The most

popular types to use self developing film

formerly made by polaroid corporation.

These were invented by a lot of people but

the credit goes to an American scientist

Edwin Land, who unveiled the first

commercial instant camera the land

camera. In February 2008, polaroid

announced it would discontinue produce of

film and shut down 3 factories.

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The first true digital camera that recorded images as

a computerized file was most likely the Fuji DS-1P of

1988 which recorded to a 16 MB memory card that

used a battery to keep the data in memory.( this

camera was never marketed in the US and hasn’t

been confirmed to have shipped to japan.)

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