HISTORY OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN THE LAST 15 YEARS.

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HISTORY OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

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1997

First artificial human chromosome created.Genetic cassette is created with natural and synthetic DNA. This

combination could possibly be customized and used in gene therapy.

FDA approves:“the first therapeutic antibody to treat cancer in the U.S.” “the first bloodless HIV-antibody test that use cells from patients’

gums.”“a recombinant follicle stimulating hormone to treat infertility.”

At the Institute for Genomic Research, scientists sequence the genome for the organism related to stomach ulcers and the pathogen of Lyme disease.

http://biotechnology.amgen.com/timeline-medical-biotechnology

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1998 For the first time, human skin was created in a lab.

Embryonic stem cells are used to create disorders and mimic certain diseases and to regenerate tissue.

Vaccine for Lyme disease is created.

“A monoclonal antibody therapy used against breast cancer has favorable results, heralding a new era of treatment based on molecular targeting of tumor cells.”


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1999

The entire genetic code of the human chromosome is decoded.

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2000 A rough draft of the human genome is completed

by scientist at the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics

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2001 Magazines having to do with nature and science

publish the human genome sequence. This makes the sequence viewable to scientists all over the world. This sequence can be used to start researching possible new treatments for genetic diseases like heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

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2002 Major genomes of the mouse, chimpanzee, dog

and hundreds of other organisms are completed.

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2003 The human genome sequencing is finished by NIH

and Celera.

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2004 “The FDA approves the first monoclonal

antibody that is an antiangiogenic, inhibiting the growth of blood vessels—or angiogenesis—for cancer therapy.”

A DNA microarray test system that helps in choosing medications for different conditions is cleared by the FDA. *This is important because is a step forward to personalized medicine.

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2005 No major changes

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2006 The FDA approves a vaccine preventing the human

papillomavirus. The human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer and genital warts.

The 3-D structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (causing AIDS) is created.

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2007 Scientists use human skin cells to create

embryonic stem cells.

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2008 In Japan, chemists design and create the first DNA

molecule made mostly by artificial parts. *Improves quality of gene therapy.

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2009 “President Barack Obama signs executive order

freeing up federal funding for broader research on embryonic stem cells.”

New genes related to Alzheimer’s disease are found. *Helps get closer to find therapies and diagnostics for it.

First clinical trial using embryonic stems cells is initiated.

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2010 J. Craig Venter creates “the first fully synthetic,

self-replicating bacterial cell, which was named Synthia.”

A temporary block on the use of federal dollars for ESC research is put back on.

Anti-obesity therapies have stalled but has moved forward as a key event.

The attempt of legalizing medical marijuana is contemplated.

http://www.genengnews.com/insight-and-intelligenceand153/2010-in-review-biotechnology-highlights/77899354/

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2011 Because of the economy, funding for innovations

continue to decline.

There is more skewed funding

FDA approves “cord blood therapy to be used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures in patients with disorders affecting the hematopoietic (blood forming) system. “


http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Sciences/Beyond-borders--global-biotechnology-report-2011

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2012 There is a huge increase in drug approvals in the

industry.

FDA approved 39 new medicines. This is a 30% increase from a year ago.

“Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., having developed the world's first approved stem cell drug”

http://finance.yahoo.com/news/biotech-industry-soars-2012-fda-132000071.html

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HISTORY OF MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CHANGES IN THE LAST 15 YEARS.

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