History of life on earth
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Transcript of History of life on earth
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A History of Life on Earth
Presented by
Amith Reddy
Chapter 5
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Before Life Began
• How old is the Earth ? 4.5 billion years
• Big Bang - gravity causes dust particles to condense
• Meteors for millions of years- how hot would the earth be?
• Earth has to cool down - steam escapes and rain allows collection of
water - earth now has……
• Atmosphere of Ammonia, Methane, water vapor, Co2, and
Nitrogen
• what is missing?
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
WHAT EVIDENCE DO SCIENTISTS USE?
• Fossils!– trace– mold– cast– amber– imprint– petrified
Images courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu."
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Before Life Began
The Emergence of Life
Precambrian Life
Paleozoic Life: The Cambrian Explosion
Paleozoic Life: Ordovician to Devonian Mesozoic Life
Marine life Marine life
Terrestrial life Terrestrial plants and arthropods
Vertebrates
Paleozoic Life: Carboniferous and Permian The Cenozoic Era
Terrestrial life Terrestrial life
Aquatic life Aquatic life
The adaptive radiation of mammals
Pleistocene events
Outline
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The Emergence of LifeEarly evolution of life on Earth
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Endosymbiosis
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Evolution of cell types
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Precambrian Life
• What do scientists think was alive way back then??
• Bacteria
• This era lasted for billions of years until more living organisms
evolved
Dr Gordon Beakes © University of Newcastle upon Tynelicensed
Dr Tom Tregenza © Tom Tregenza
IMAGES for use through the Centre for Bioscience
ImageBank,http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/imagebank/"
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Stomatolites : Complex communities of (mostly) cyanobacteria -
produce all the atmospheric oxygen.
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Paleozoic Era540 Million years ago!!
• Now the earth is getting larger life! • First part of paleozoic is called cambrian• Protists!• Sea plants!• Sea animals!• Land plants!• Land animals!• what ended the paleozoic era?? • Mass extinction!
Dr. Thomas W. Kammer
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Cretaceous – Tertiary Extension65.5 mill years ago
Permian – Triassic Extension (Great Dying)
251.4 mill years ago
Ordovician – Silurian Extension 443.7 mill years ago
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Species Extension in various periods of History
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WHY DO WE HAVE DIFFERENT ERA’S?
Image courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu."
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Why Mass extinction ? How did they survive???
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Which life, Marine or Terrestrial has faster growth or extinction ???
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How did trees survive without roots ?
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Formation of Earth
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Why land moved or changed in Mesozoic life ??
Why they separate at different rate ? Why not all at once ??
What was the climate of the earth at this time ?
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How/Why did only Gymnosperms first appeared than Angiosperms ???
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How are they different ???
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Mesozoic era245 Million years ago!!
• Dinosaurs
• Reptiles
• Small mammals appear
• Birds evolve
• Plate tectonics
• what ended the mesozoic era?
• mass extinction!
• Meterorite ???
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Image courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu."
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Cenozoic Era66 Million years ago!
• Mammals flourish
• Primates about 30 million years ago
• Modern human species – about 200,000 years ago
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licensed for use through the Centre for Bioscience ImageBank,http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/imagebank/"
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
• Where are fossils usually found?
• Who studies these?
• How do scientists determine the age of something billions of years old?– Relative dating
– Radiometric dating
Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu."
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Evolution of life on land
Q. Were animals or plants first?
• Animals were first! Land-plants (not algae) only appeared about 450 million years ago.
Q. When did the first flowering plants appear?
• Only about 120 million years ago! Before that, ferns, mosses, and algae (incl. kelps etc.)
Q. When did mammals appear first?
• Before dinosaurs! ~220 million years ago.
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Questions
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Thank You
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