History of Latin America: Ancient Civilizations and European Colonization.

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History of Latin America: Ancient Civilizations and European Colonization

Transcript of History of Latin America: Ancient Civilizations and European Colonization.

Page 1: History of Latin America: Ancient Civilizations and European Colonization.

History of Latin America: Ancient Civilizations and European Colonization

Page 2: History of Latin America: Ancient Civilizations and European Colonization.

Maya Civilization Located in Central America

and southern Mexico

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Maya Economy Based on trade and

agriculture

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Accomplishments Architecture – step pyramid Fully developed written

language (hieroglyphs) Astronomy & Mathematics

(calendar)

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Inca Civilizations At the height of its

existence the Inca Empire was the largest nation on Earth

Largest native state to have existed in the western hemisphere

Located in the Andes Mountains – from Ecuador to Chile

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Inca Economy Based primarily on farming Terrace farming made agriculture in the Andes possible Very skilled artisans

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Ruins at Machu Picchu show terracing

Photos by Linda Hammon

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Accomplishments Advanced road system Astronomy Highly organized

government Irrigation systems System of language Domesticated the llama and

alpaca

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Aztec Civilization Located in

Central and Southern Mexico

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Aztec Economy Based on agriculture,

fishing, and trade Capital city

Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle of a lake – Now the center of modern Mexico City

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Accomplishments

Credited for the discovery of chocolate– Cacao beans acquired

through trade

Advanced political system                

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Colonization

• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Split newly discovered territory between Spain & Portugal at about 22 degrees west

What was given to Portugal?

• By the end of the 16th century, LA colonized – mostly along the coastlines

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European Exploration “God, Gold, and Glory” were motivations

– Missionaries converted natives to Catholicism

– Worked natives as slaves (& imported Africans) to harvest natural resources

Columbian Exchange– Diseases wiped out many of the indigenous

Intermixing races was common

– European colonists + indigenous = mestizo

– African + indigenous = mulatto

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Lasting impact of colonization Languages – Spanish & Portuguese Most Latin Americans are Christians,

mostly Roman Catholic Economy still oriented toward export Black & mulatto populations (Haiti, Brazil, &

the Dominican Republic) Mestizo populations (Mexico & El Salvador) Culture is a mix of European & native

customs, an example of…?