History of Journalism

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History of Journalism

Prepared by:

Md. Mahbubul Haque Osmani

Lecturer, MSJ, ULAB


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Prehistoric and Ancient Periods

Acta Diurna(latin: Daily Actssometimestranslated as Daily Public Records)

RomanActa Diurna, appearing around 59 B.C.

Earliest recorded newspaper

Julius Caesar wanted to inform the public

- social and political happenings, ordered

upcoming events posted in major cities Written on large white boards

Displayed in popular place
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin


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Prehistoric and Ancient Periods

Acta Diurna,informed about government

scandals, military campaigns, trials and

execution

After the emperor collapsed, news

dissemination depended on travelers tales,

songs and ballads, letters, and governmental

dispatches. In 8thCentury China, the first newspaper

appeared as hand-written news sheets in

Beijing.


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Renaissance and the Printing Press

Invention of the movable type printing

press, attributed to Johannes Gutenberg

in 1456. Printed Gutenberg Bible

Born in Mainz, Germany (1398-1468)

Gutenberg is supposed to invented

movable type printing pressin 1450


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First newspapers appeared in Europe in the 17thcentury.

First printed periodical was the Mercurius

Gallobelgicus, first appeared in Cologne, newGermany, in 1592

First regularly published newspaper was theOxford Gazette, first appearing in 1665

An earlier news book, the Continuation of OurWeekly News, had been published regularly inLondon since 1623


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First daily newspaper, theDaily Currant,

appeared in 1702 and continued publication

for more than 30 years.

Its first editor was also the first women in

journalism

By this time British had adopted the Press

Restriction Act, which required that the

printers name and place of publication be

included n each printed document.


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Journalism in America First newspaper in the colonies-

Publick Occurances

- First American Newspaper, 1690 Boston- Published by Benjamin Harris

- The paper was shut down after one issue

cause alleged an affair between the King ofFrance and his sons wife

- A paper had to have royal consent to be

published


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Journalism in America Boston News Letter

- In 1704

- John Campbell, the local Boston Postmaster- Published with royal permission

- Paper was dull and monotonous

- Only 300 subscribers and never made a profit


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Journalism in America theNew England Currant

- First real colonial newspaper

- Published by James Franklin, Bens older

brother

- Aligned with party interest and did not publishbalance content

- Ben Franklin was first published in hisbrothers newspaper, under the pseudonym

Silence Do Good, in 1722, and even hisbrother did not know.


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Journalism in America Pennsylvania Gazettein 1729

- After James Franklin suspended publication of

the Curant, Ben Franklin moved to

Philadelphia in 1728 and took over the

Pennsylvania Gazette the following year.

- Ben retired age of 42/ Successful career

- Started several papers, published one of

Americas first magazines, editorial cartoon,

sell advertising copy


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Journalism in America By the 1770s, 89 newspapers were published

in 35 cities in America.

Newspapers flourished in the new republic by

1800, there were about 234 being published.

In 1820, there were 24 dailies, 66 semi or

triweeklies and 422 weeklies


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The Penny Press New York Sun, in 1833

Benjamin Day launched it when 22 years old

Days idea was to sell daily paper for a penny(price reduction from the 6 cents a copy for

other big city dailies)

Sun: local news, sex, violence and human

interest stories and absent political debates

Sunattracted readers and the penny press

was launched


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The Penny Press First newspaper to fit the modern definition

as a newspaper was the New York Herald,

founded in 1835 and published by James

Gordon Bennett.

Another importance pioneer was Horace

Greely New York Tribuneappeared in

1841.

As soon as their penny papers were

successful, they doubled the price.


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Significant of The Penny Press

Success of the mass press during 1833-1860

Prior of penny press, most newspaperseconomic support came from subscription

revenue Large circulation of the penny papers made

advertisers realization by purchasing space

Assuring advertisers a broad-based audience

Vendors would buy a hundred copies for 67cents and sell them for 1 cent each


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Significant of The Penny Press

Soon it became to hear newsboys hawkingpapers on street concern in larger cities

Penny pressredefined the concept of news

Hiring people to go out and look for news Reporters were assigned to special beats: police,

financial, sports, religion etc

Also foreign correspondents Newspapers emphasized to the social lifeof the

rising middle classes


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Journalism in India The Portugueseintroduced the printing press

in Goa, in 1557.

British East India Company brought about the

printing press in India and first press was

strolled at Bombay in 1674.

Yet there was no newspaper being published

for another 100 years.


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Journalism in India

September 1768, William Bolts, ex-

servant of the East India Company,

informing the public by a notice that thewant of a printing press

But by the Councils pressureMr. Bolts

was forcibly removed to the boat andtaken away from India and nothing came

his offer


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Journalism in India Bengal Gazette(English weekly) published by

James Augustus Hicky in 1780 January 29th on

Saturday, in Calcutta.

It was the first news paper in South Asian sub-

continent

Bengal Gazettealias HickysGazette,

Calcutta General Advertiser

Declaration a weekly political and commercial

paper open to all but influenced by none


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Journalism in India Bengal Gazettecould not survive more than

two years due to sharp confrontation with

Governor General Warren Hastings and Chief

Justice Elijah Impey

Raja Ram Mohan Roy published out free

newspapers magazines in the year 1821,

namely Sambad Kaumudi (Bengali), Mirat-Ul-Akbar (Persian), Brahamanical(English).


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Journalism in East Bengal

Rangapur Bartabaha: (1847, August-September,Weekly)

- Enterprise and initial financial help of the

landlord Kalichoron Roy in Kundi of Rangpur- Director and editor was Guruchoron Roy

- Published from Bartabaha Press in Rangpur

- Published every Tuesday

- Very oldest newspaper in Bangladesh

- Number of circulation was 100 copies

- Yearly price 6 rupees


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Journalism in East Bengal

Dhaka News: (1856, 18 April, Weekly)

- The first newspaper in Dhaka and the second

newspaper of Bangladesh

- Published from Dhaka Press

- Editor was Alexandar Fox


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History of Journalism

Documents

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