History of Gold Ppt

5/25/2018 History of Gold Ppt

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Submitted to:Mr Mrinaal Pingua

Group Members:Lakshay KathuriaMegha Bindal

Ridhi KapoorGurleen Kaur


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GOLD A VersatileMetal


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The history of gold begins in remote

antiquity

. But

without hard evidence to pinpoint

the time and place of man's first happy

encounter with the yellow metal

(gold)

.

According to some sources its found

that golds first discovery occurred in

about 6000BC.

Another

mentions that the pharaohs

and t

emple priests used the relic metal

for adornment in ancient Egypt

a

bout(circa)

3000 B.C.

The

first use of gold as money in 700B.

C. is claimed by the citizens of the

Kingdom of Lydia (western

Turkey).


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Gold is precious for a few

reasons

It

is a rare

metal.

It

does not react under normal circumstances (it takes extreme conditions

for gold to react).

Gold

is also prized for its

color

, as it is one of the few metals with a

distinct

color

, making it decorative

.

It

'

s shine and

color

drew the attention of people. and Its rarity, combined

with its rich ap

pearance, made it a symbol of wealth.


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G

old

ornaments are a status symbol and associated with queens as it

im

plies that the woman was important, possibly of the elite and even a

princess or

queen .

Gold

has in a way always stood as a symbol for wealth, prestige and

po

wer.

Through

times immemorial gold jewelry has been the ultimate

orna

mentation for kings, queens and noblemen.


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A gold coin is a coin made mostly or

entirely of gold

.

In modern times, most gold coins are

intended either to be sold to collectors, or

to be used as bullion

coins.

Gold

has been used as money for many

r

easons as

i

t

is fungible, with a low spreadbetween th

e prices to buy and sell

.

Gold is also easily transportable, as it has

a high value to weight ratio, compared to

other commodities, such as silver.

Gold can be divided into smaller units,

without destroying its value; it can also be

melted into ingots, and re

-

coined.

The density of gold is

higher than most

other metals, making it difficult to pass

counterfeits. Gold is extremely uncreative.


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The first type is the American Gold Eaglewhich in addition to gold is made up of

copper and silver alloy. The American Gold Eagle is the official gold bullion

coin of the United States.

The second type of gold coin is the South Afr ica Krugerrandwhich is created in

the South African Mint. One side of the coin features Paul Kruger who is a past

president of South Africa. On the other side of the coin is the image of a

Springbok.

The third type is the Chevronetswhich was introduced in Russia in 1701. It was

later replaced by the Ruble in 1757. At the end of the Russian Revolution, theRussian government again introduced the Chevronets to make up for the

devaluation of the Ruble.

The fourth type is the Gold Pandawhich is made of 99.9 percent gold. On one

side of the coin is the image of the Temple of Heaven. The government of Chinaput a halt to the minting of the Golden Panda in 2002.


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The four th type is the Gold Pandawhich is made of 99.9 percent gold.

On one side of the coin is the image of the Temple of Heaven. The

government of China put a halt to the minting of the Golden Panda in

2002.

The fif th type of Gold Coin is the Britanniawhich is produced in the

United Kingdom. The Britannia is composed of 22 carat gold. It

contains 91.7 percent gold that is mixed with silver or copper.

The sixth type of Gold Coin is the Gold Maple Leafwhich is minted by

the Royal Canadian Mint. The gold used for this coin is mined solely in

Canada. The Gold Maple Leaf is made up of 99.9 percent gold.

The last type of Gold Coin is the I slamic Gold Dinarwhich was first

used in the Kelantan State, Malaysia in September 2006. The Islamic

Gold Dinar is used for trading, as payment for merchandise and as a

form of savings. It is also used as a payment for dowries.


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Because of the softness of pure (24k)

gold, it is usually alloyed with base

metals for use in jewelry, altering itshardness and ductility, melting point,

color and other properties.

Alloys with lower carat rating, typically

22k, 18k, 14k or 10k, contain higherpercentages of copper or other base

metals or silver or palladium in the

alloy.

Copper is the most commonly used base

metal, yielding a redder color.


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Eighteen-carat gold containing 25%

copper is found in antique and Russian

jewelry and has a distinct copper cast,

creating rose gold Fourteen-carat gold-copper alloy is

nearly identical in color to certain bronze

alloys, and both may be used to produce

police and other badges.

Fourteen- and eighteen-carat gold alloyswith silver alone appear greenish-yellow

and are referred to as green gold.

White gold alloys can be made with

palladium or nickel. White 18-carat gold

containing 17.3% nickel, 5.5% zinc and2.2% copper is silvery in appearance.


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Gold artifacts such as the golden hats and

the Nebra disk appeared in Central

Europe from the 2nd millennium BC

Bronze Age.

Egyptian hieroglyphs from as early as

2600 BC describe gold, which king

Tushratta of the Mitanni claimed was

"more plentiful than dirt" in Egypt.

The earliest known map is known as the

Turin Papyrus Map and shows the plan of

a gold mine in Nubia together with

indications of the local geology.

The legend of the golden fleece may refer

to the use of fleeces to trap gold dust from

placer deposits in the ancient world.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jason_Pelias_Louvre_K127.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tuthankhamun_Egyptian_Museum.jpg


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In preparation for World War I the warringnations moved to fractional gold standards,inflating their currencies to finance the wareffort.

Post-war, the victorious countries, mostnotably Britain, gradually restored gold-convertibility, but international flows of goldvia bills of exchange remained embargoed.

After World War II gold was replaced by asystem of nominally convertible currencies

related by fixed exchange rates following theBretton Woods system.

Switzerland was the last country to tie itscurrency to gold; it backed 40% of its valueuntil the Swiss joined the InternationalMonetary Fund in 1999.

The gold content of alloys is measured incarats (k). Pure gold is designated as 24k.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_20kr_gold_coins.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Bars.jpg


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Gold solder is used for joining thecomponents of gold jewelry by high-temperature hard soldering or brazing.

Gold solder is usually made in at leastthree melting-point ranges referred to asEasy, Medium and Hard.

By using the hard, high-melting pointsolder first, followed by solders withprogressively lower melting points,goldsmiths can assemble complex items

with several separate solderedjoints. Gold is a good reflector of electromagnetic

radiation such as infrared and visible lightas well as radio waves.

Automobiles may use gold for heatshielding. McLaren uses gold foil in the

engine compartment of its F1 model. Gold can be manufactured so thin that it

appears transparent. It is used in someaircraft cockpit windows for de-icing oranti-icing by passing electricity through it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Webb_Space_Telescope_Mirror33.jpg


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Gold use in India, the worlds biggest buyer, may climb for the first

time in three years as rising incomes and inflation boost investment

demand, undermining efforts to narrow a record current-account

deficit.

Wedding demands Around 50 percent of the countrys population is under 25, with 15

million weddings estimated every year till 2020, equivalent to about

500 tons of fresh gold demand, according to ICICIs Mundra.

Gold forms 30 percent to 50 percent of total marriage expenses, he

said.

Gold use in India, the worlds biggest buyer, may climb for the first

time in three years as rising incomes and inflation boost investment

demand, undermining efforts to narrow a record current-account

deficit.


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History of Jewellery in India

History of Indian jewellery is as old as the history of the country itself.

Around 5000 years ago, the desire to adorn themselves aroused in

people, leading to the origin of jewellery. Since then, Indian women

and jewellery have gone hand in hand. There cannot be a woman in India, who does not adore herself with

minimum jewellery. In fact, jewellery is considered as security and

prestige of women in the country.


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The Gupta Empire took place from 320 AD to500 AD.

Gupta art is regarded as the high point of

classical Indian art, and the coinage is equally

regarded as among the most beautiful of

ancient India.

The Gupta coinage started with a remarkable

series in gold issued by Chandragupta I, the

third ruler of the dynasty, who issued a single

type- the king and queen - depicting the

portraits of Chandragupta and his queen

Kumaradevi with their names on the obverse

and the goddess seated on a lion with the

legend Lichchhavyah on the reverse.


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The coins of Samudragupta give us a lot of

information on the start of the mighty empire of

Guptas, and its economy.

The standard type discovered from Bangladesh,Midnapore, Burdwan, HUGHLI and 24-Parganas

(North) depict the standing king holding a standard

and offering oblations on a fire-altar.

Kumaragupta-I issued various types of coins, viz.,

Archer, Swordsman, Asvamedha, Horseman, LionSlayer, Tiger Slayer, Peacock, Pratapa and elephant

rider type.

Kumargupta also minted fine silver coins during his

long reign.

Skanda Gupta issued three types of gold coins, viz.,archer, King and Lakshmi, and Hors Man type. As a

lower denomination, he circulated debased silver

coins.

After the Huna war, even the gold coins were debased

with silver.


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The History of the Indo-Greek Kingdom coversa period from the 2nd century BCE to the

beginning of the 1st century in northern and

north-western India.

Generally, coins are circular, exceptions are the

few square ones of Appollodotos andPhiloxenos.

The gold and silver coins with fabulous

portraits, which circulated in Bactria were

never current in India as they fall under Greek

coinage category. The coins with the portrait head and bilingual

fall under Indian coinage.


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The portraits of early Indo Greek rulers such as

Euthydemos-I, Demetrios-I (wearing elephant's scalp)

and Antimachus (wearing Kausia - a flat shaped cap and

with a smily face) are so realistic in appearance that the

coin portrait seems to represent the ruler faithfully.

Indo-Greeks were excellent coin smiths and the fabric

far exceeded than the true Greek coins.

Indo-Greeks did not like abstract shapes and so they

modified Greek Gods to look like an Indian.

One of the copper coins of Hermois, the legend KujulaKadphises appears on the reverse. Probably this could

be assumed that the dynasty was succeed by the

Kushanas.


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The Kushan Empire was an empire in South Asiaoriginally formed in the early 1st century in the

territories of ancient Bactria around the Oxus River

(Amu Darya), and later based near Kabul,

Afghanistan.

In the coinage of the North Indian and CentralAsian Kushan Empire(approximately 30-375 CE) the

main coins issued were gold, weighing 7.9g., and base

metal issues of various weights between 12g and 1.5g.

The coin designs usually broadly follow the styles of

the preceding Greco-Bactrian rulers inusing Hellenistic styles of image, with a deity on one

side and the king on the other. Kings may be shown as

a profile head, a standing figure, typically officiating at

a fire altar in Zoroastrian style, or mounted on a

horse.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KushanCoinage.jpg


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The Kushana's coins reveals a great deal about the

rulers, coins were used as a media to propagate

Kings superiority.

Coins were the carriers for official propaganda of

greatness of Kings and deities of the empire.

Kushanas devised their coins with various Gods of

culturally, ethnically diverse population of the

empire.

Much of what little information we have of

Kushan political history derives from coins. Thelanguage of inscriptions is typically the Bactrian

language, written in a script derived from Greek.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heraios.jpg


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The mining of silver began some 5000

years ago.

Silver was first mined in about 3000B.C. in Anatolia (modern day Turkey).

These early lodes were a valuable

resource for the civilizations that

flourished in the Near East and

Greece. Silver has been used for thousands of

years for ornaments and utensils, trade,

and as the basis for many monetary

systems.

Its value as a precious metal was longconsidered second only to gold.

The use of silver is also common in the

Roman currency during 2nd century

AD. Other uses of silver were also

recorded in the ancient Greece andRome regions.

SILVER BARS

AND COINS


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Antonio de Ulloa, credited with the discovery ofplatinum, returned to Spain from the FrenchGeodesic Mission in 1746.

His historical account of the expedition included

a description of platinum as being inseparable . Ulloa also anticipated the discovery of platinum

mines.

In 1752, Henrik Scheffer published a detailedscientific description of the metal, which he

referred to as "white gold".

Scheffer described platinum as being lesspliable than gold, but with similar resistance tocorrosion.

COIN MADE UP

OF PLATINUM


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William Hyde Wollaston noted the

discovery of a new noble metal in July

1802 in his lab-book and named it

palladium in August of the same year.

After harsh criticism that palladium is

an alloy of platinum and mercury by

Richard Chenevix.

Chenevix received the Copley Medal in

1803 after he published his experiments

on palladium.

Wollaston published the discovery of

rhodium in 1804 and mentions some of

his work on palladium.

He disclosed that he was the discoverer

of palladium in a publication in 1805.

BAR MADE UP OF

PALLADIUM


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History of Gold Ppt

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