GENETICS LECTURE

GREGORIO, ANNA KARENINA R.AQUINO, ANNA PATRICIAPD-2G

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF

GENETICS

GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884)

Use of 7 characteristics of garden pea

(PisumSativum)

Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

Law of Independent Assortment - seen in monohybrid cross. There is alleles separate or segregate independent to each other.

Law of Mendelian Inheritance - gene actually separate or segregate in the formation of zygote in the process of fertilization.

CHARLES DARWIN(1809-1882)

Established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry

Proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.

He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book ”On the Origin of Species”, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species.

ARISTOTLE - Father of Biology Homunculus - the one who carries a tiny version

of the adult, each part of which expanded into the corresponding part of the adult

Preformation - pre formed bodies sperm cell

WALTER SUTTON(1877-1916)

The one who mention behavior of chromosomes.

Hugo De Vries, Carl Correns, Erich Von Tschermak-Seysenegg

Three scientists who rediscovered Mendel's laws in 1900. They were all working independently on different plant hybrids, and came to the same conclusions about inheritance as Mendel.

ERLIND FRANKLIN (1920 - 1958)

1st study the chromosomes. The brilliant chemist whose x-ray

diffraction studies provided crucial clues to the structure of DNA

WATSON AND CRICK

X-ray diffraction "photo 51" of DNA made by Rosalind Franklin provided clues for Watson and Crick (Nobel 1962) to discover the structure of DNA.

Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895)

Discovered a new type of weak acid, abundant in the nuclei of the white blood cell; Miescher's weak acid turned out to be the chemical substance we now call deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.

BRANCHES OF GENETICS

CYTOGENESIS - deals with the study of physical basis of heredity.

MOLECULAR GENESIS - CHEMICAL BASIS OF HEREDITY.› Newest scope of genetics:

Genomics - study of genes Proteomics - study of protein

BEHAVIORAL GENETICS - how a certain organism behave.

POPULATION GENETICS - transmission of trait in a large group of individual through time

CLASSICAL GENETICS - the traits are transmitted

METHODS OF

GENETICS

1.) PEDIGREE ANALYSIS - make use of pictorial representation of the member of the family.

2.) KARYOTYPING - used to detect chromosomal abnormality.

make use (karyogram or karyotype) pictorial representation of chromosomesExample: normal female karyotype

3.) PLANNED EXPERIMENTAL BREEDING

Hyphothesis

• Null hypothesis - stated in negative manner• Alternative hypothesis - stated in positive manner.

4.) TWIN STUDY

Fraternal or Dizygotic twins Identical or Monozygotic

5.) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - numerous for human mind to interpret.

Chi square Standard Deviation Mean

APPICATION OF

GENETICS

Plant and animal improvement

Field of medicine Genetic engineering Legal application/ forensic Genetic counseling

THANK YOU and

GODBLESS!

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