BOOK REVIEW

SUBMITTED BY :KAPADIA ISSAR B.

ENROLLMENT NO.:141240106026

COLLEGE :SARDAR PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,BAKROL

BRANCH NAME :CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO :PROF.HARSHIL BAGDIYA

(COMMUNICATION SKILL-211002)

APRIL -2015

ABOUT THE BOOK

TITLE :THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING

THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF THE UNIVERSE

AUTHER :STEPHEN WILLIAM HAWKING

NAME OF THE PUBLICATION

:PHEONIX BOOK

YEAR OF THE PUBLICATION

:2002

BOOK LENGTH :136 PAGES

LANGUAGE :ENGLISH

First publication under the title “THE CAMBRIDGE LECTURES : LIFE WORKS .” in 1996 by Dove Audio.

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

FIRST LECTURE :

IDEAS ABOUT THE UNVERSE

SECOND LECTURE :

THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE

THIRD LECTURE :BLACK HOLES

FORTH LECTURE :

BLACH HOLES AIN’T SO BLACK

FIFTH LECTURE :

THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF THE UNIVERSE

SIXTH LECTURE :

THE DIRECTION OF THE TIME

SEVENTH LECTURE :

THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING

TITLE (DISCRIPTION OF THE TITLE)

THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING

The theory of everything is a hypothetical physical that would explain all known physical phenomena.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

STEPHEN W. HAWKING

PERSONAL LIFE:

Parents

Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England, to Frank and Isobel Hawking. His mother was Scottish. Despite their families' financial constraints, both parents attended the University of Oxford, where Frank studied medicine and Isobel, Philosophy, Politics and Economics. The two met shortly after the beginning of the Second World War at a medical research institute where she was working as a secretary and he as a medical researcher. They lived in Highgate , but as London was being bombed in those years, Isobel went to Oxford to give birth in greater safety. Hawking has two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary, and an adopted brother, Edward.

In 1950, when his father became head of the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research, Hawking and his family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire. In St Albans, the family were considered highly intelligent and somewhat eccentric;meals were often spent with each person silently reading a book. They lived a frugal existence in a large, cluttered, and poorly maintained house, and travelled in a converted London taxicab.During one of Hawking's father's frequent absences working in Africa, the rest of the family spent four months in Majorca visiting his mother's friend Beryl and her husband, the poet Robert Graves.

FURTHER

Stephen Hawking is the former Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and author of A Brief History of Time which was an international bestseller. Now the Dennis Stanton Avery and Sally Tsui Wong-Avery Director of Research at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and Founder of the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at Cambridge, his other books for the general reader include A Briefer History of Time, the essay collection Black Holes and Baby Universe and The Universe in a Nutshell.

In 1963, Hawking contracted motor neurone disease and was given two years to live. Yet he went on to Cambridge to become a brilliant researcher and Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. From 1979 to 2009 he held the post of Lucasian Professor at Cambridge, the chair held

by Isaac Newton in 1663. Professor Hawking has over a dozen honorary degrees and was awarded the CBE in 1982. He is a fellow of the Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Science. Stephen Hawking is regarded as one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists since Einstein.

SUMMERY OF THE BOOK

In this series of lectures Stephen w. hawking tries to give an outline of what we think is the history of the universe the big bang to black holes.

The first lecture briefly reviews past ideas about universe and how we get our present picture.

The second lecture description how both Newton’s and eistein’s theories of gravity led to the conclusion that the universe could not be static, it had to be either expanding or contracting. This, in turn, implied that there must have been a time between ten and twenty billion years ago when the density of the universe was infinite. This is called the BIG BANG. It would have been the beginning of the universe.

The Third Lecture talks about the black holes. These are formed when a massive star or can even larger body diapses in on itself under it’s

own gravitational pull. According to Einstein’s general theory a relativity , any one foolish enough to fall into a black hole will be lost forever. They will not be able to come out of the black hole again. Instead, history, as a far as they are concerned will come to a sticky end at a singularity .however, general relative is a classical theory that is , it does not take into account the uncertainty principal of quantum mechanics.

The Fourth Lecture describes how quantum mechanics allows energy to leak out of black holes .Black holes are not as black as they are painted.

The Fifth Lecture shall apply quantum mechanical ideas to the big bang and the origin of the universe. This leads to the idea that space time may be finite in extent but without boundary or edge it would be like the surface of the earth but with two more dimension.

The Sixth Lecture shows how this boundary proposal could explain why the past is so different from the future, even though the laws of physics are time symmentric.

The seventh Lecture , in this lecture Stephen Hawking describes how we are trying to find a unified theory that will include quantum mechanics , gravity etc.

CONCLUSION

This short book consists of a compilation of several lectures by Stephen Hawking. Many of the ideas from them appear in several of his past books. Hawking attempts to explain sophisticated and complex mathematical ideas in an unsophisticated, perhaps childlike (but charming) way. There are no equation in this book ,no mathematical as such, and everything in the book explained in language that would be intelligible to high school students.

He briefly covers the history of ideas about the universe from Aristotle, Augustine, Newton, Einstein, Hubble, and Feynman. He then explains the Big Bang, black holes, and space-time and incorporates these thoughts into the search for a unified theory of everything. Although Hawking does not announce the arrival of the Theory of Everything, he does explain, in simple metaphors, the flavor of what such a theory would encompass.

One of the more important concepts of his involves the idea that the "beginning" of the universe does not necessarily imply a singularity (or in holistic terms, a oneness). If we wish to hold consistency with quantum mechanics (the most successful scientific theory to date) then a no-boundary condition would best describe the beginning. Needless to say, this contradicts many religious ideas about a creation (although he empathizes that these ideas represent only a proposal).

Hawking represents one of the most brilliant theoretical scientists of our time. He advocates the idea of communicating the ideas theoretical science in a way to make it understandable, in principle, to everyone, not just scientists. Hawking has an acute awareness of the religious impact of his theoretical studies and explains in a clear but

inoffensive way that the universe does not conform to the common belief of an all powerful Creator.

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