History of Comps
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Transcript of History of Comps
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8/6/2019 History of Comps
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HISTORY OFCOMPUTERS
ABACUS
NAPIERS LOGS AND BONES
PASCALS ADDING MACHINE
LEIBNITZS CALCULATOR
JACQUARDS LOOM
BABBAGES DIFFERENCE ENGINEBABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE
HOLLERITHS MACHINE
MARK-I
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ABACUS
-Mesopotamians-Bead and Wire counting Machine
-It uses the place value of the digits and
position of beads in the abacus
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NAPIERS LOGS AND BONES -
-John Napier
-Based on the idea of Logarithms
-Multiplication problem transformed to
Addition problem using multiplicationtables embedded in the rods
-Bones were used for Multiplication and
Division
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PASCALS ADDING MACHINE -
-Blaise Pascal : 1642-Made of gears, used to add up numbers
quickly
-Worked on Clock Work Mechanism
-Consists of numbered toothed wheels
which have unique position values
-Rotation of wheels control operations
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LEIBNITZS CALCULATOR
-Gottfried Leibnitz : 1671-Performs multiplication and division as
well
-Used stepped cylinder with nine teeth of
varying lengths instead of wheels
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JACQUARDS LOOM
-Joseph Jacquard : 1822
-Punched cards used to control looms
-Started era of storing and retrieving
information
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BABBAGES DIFFERENCE ENGINE
-Charles Babbage : 1822
-Calculated Logarithms to high degree of
precision
-Capable of polynomial evaluation
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BABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE
-Charles Babbage : 1833-Performed all arithmetic operations as
well as comparison
-Included concept of central processor,
storage area, memory and input-output
devices-Purely conceptual, was never built due to
lack of technology
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HOLLERITHS MACHINE
-Herman Hollerith : 1887
-Fabricated first electro-mechanical
punched-card tabulator
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MARK-I
-Prof. Howard Aiken : 1943-Electromechanical computer
-Multiplication of 10 bit numbers in
5secs-record time
-Could perform according to pre
programmed instructions
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GENERATIONS OF THEMODERN COMPUTER
FIRST (1949-55)
SECOND (1956-65)
THIRD (1966-1975)FOURTH (1976-Present)
FIFTH (Coming Generation)
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FIRST GENERATION
Used Thermionic valves and Machine
Language was used for giving instructions.
Their common features :
Big and Clumsy High Electricity Consumption
Not very reliable due to frequent Electric
Failure
Large amount of Heat generated calledfor large air conditoners
Tough Machine Language programming
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SOME FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
ENIAC
EDVAC EDSAC
UNIVAC-I
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SECOND GENERATION
Began with the advent of transistorizedcircuitry, invention of magnetic core anddevelopment of magnetic disk storagedevices. First Operating Systems and HighLevel Languages were developed.
Their common features :
Smaller, Faster, Generated less heat
Lower Electricity Consumption
More Reliable
Programming in both Machine Languageand Assembly Language
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THIRD GENERATION
Used Integrated Circuits or I.C.. Lesshuman labor was required at assembly
stage.
Their common features :
Smaller, Faster
More Reliable
Lower Power comsumption
HLL appeared
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FOURTH GENERATION
Marked by the advent of microprocessorchip. Semiconductor memories were used.
Extremely powerful personal computers
came up. They are being used for
simulation, visualisation, Parallel
computing, virtual reality, etc.
Their common features :
Faster Accessing and Processing Speeds
Increased Memory Capacity
Smaller
Concept of Secondary Memory came up
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FIFTH GENERATION
Based on Artificial Intelligence. The use of
Parallel Processing and Super Conductors ishelping making this a reality.
The aim is to build a computer that will
simulate the human ability to reason.
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THANK YOU !!!!!