History of Architecture : Japan

8/9/2019 History of Architecture : Japan

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Presentation on..


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Japanese

rchitecture


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ABOUT JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE

Japan has an interesting variety of bui!ings that e"hibit

!i#erent ar$hite$tura for%s fro% hu%be far% houses togran! i%peria paa$es& Ar$hite$tura styes have evove!fro% pre'histori$ to %o!ern ti%es& Eary native !esigns(ere e"pose! to strong in)uen$es fro% the Asian %ainan!*i%porte! styes (ere subse+uenty a!apte! to suit o$atastes* an! re$ent history sa( the intro!u$tion of ,estern

ar$hite$ture into Japan& Bui!ings (ere tra!itionaybuit in (oo! ' in partbe$ause of the abun!an$eof ti%ber an! !ue to the%ateria-s reativey goo!

resistan$e to earth+ua/esUnfortunatey* %anybui!ings (ere ost throughthe years to natura!isasters* the hu%i!

$i%ate* 0res an! (ars&


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EARLY JAPAN


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Eary Japan

The Jo%on Perio! aste! fro% aroun! 12333 BC to 233BC& The inhabitants of Japan at that ti%e (ere %ainy

gatherers* 0shers an! hunters& 4(eings (ere buit!ire$ty over an earth )oor (ith a (oo! foun!ationan! a that$he! stra( roof& Insi!e the house* the )oor%ay have been hoo(e! in* (hi$h is (hy Jo%onPerio! houses are often $ae! 5pit !(eings5&6oo(ing the Jo%on Perio!*

the 7ayoyi Perio! aste! fro%

aroun! 233 BC to 233 A4& Theperio! is $hara$teri8e! by thestart of (i!esprea! Ri$e far%ing*resuting in the appearan$e ofper%anent sette%ents (ithbigger popuations& Co%%unities

be$a%e organi8e! in viages asa (hoe* (ith areas !e%ar$ate!for granaries* storehouses an!iving +uarters& Houses*espe$iay the granaries* (erebuit on stits to /eep a(ay %i$e&Stru$tures su$h as viage fen$esan! (at$h to(ers appeare!&


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SHRINES


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Shrines

In an$ient ti%es* Shinto $ere%onies (ere he! out!oors at te%porariy!e%ar$ate! sites (ithout bui!ings& 9ater* te%porary stru$tures (ere use!(hi$h eventuay got repa$e! by per%anent shrine bui!ings housing the!eity& Eary shrine bui!ings pre!ate the intro!u$tion of Bu!!his%an!re)e$t native Japanese ar$hite$ture styes

A%ong the eariest shrine ar$hite$ture styes are the Shin%ei stye asrepresente! by the IseShrines(hose has rese%be an$ient storehouses*an! the Taisha stye as represente! by the I8u%oShrine(hose bui!ingsrese%be an$ient resi!en$es& 6urther%ore* there is the Su%iyoshi stye asrepresente! by the Su%iyoshi Shrinein Osa/a(hi$h is aso $onsi!ere! to be

$ose to a nativey Japanese shrine ar$hite$ture stye&The arriva of Bu!!his%in the:th $entury brought aong strongar$hite$tura in)uen$es fro% the%ainan!&;asugaShrinean! UsaShrineare a%ong t(o earyshrine $onstru$tion prototypes(hi$h area!y sho( %ore !istin$tforeign ee%ents& To(ar!s theE!o Perio!* shrines be$a%ein$reasingy ornate ase"e%pi0e! by the %ostspe$ta$uar of the% a* Ni//o

ToshoguShrine* (hi$h (as buitin the 1


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TEMPLES


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Te%pes

Te%pes$a%e aong (ith the i%port of Bu!!his%fro% Chinaaroun! the :th $entury& At 0rst* te%pes rese%be! those in China$osey in features* su$h as having (i!e $ourtyar!s an!

sy%%etri$a ayouts& So%e of the o!est surviving te%pebui!ings e"hibiting these features $an be foun! in Nara* inparti$uar at Horyu=i>the (or!-s o!est (oo!en stru$ture?* To!ai=i>the (or!-s argest (oo!en stru$ture?*7a/ushi=ian! ;ofu/u=i&Asu/a!era* o$ate! about @ /io%eters south of Nara City* is$onsi!ere! the o!est Bu!!hist institution in Japan&

As ti%e passe!* te%pes(ere in$reasingy !esigne!to suit o$a tastes& Ne(yintro!u$e! se$ts fro% the%ainan! $ontribute! to

ne( te%pe ar$hite$turestyes& Te%pes began toe"hibit ess sy%%etri$afeatures* an! %any starte!to in$orporate gar!ensin

their $o%poun!s&
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2058.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2055.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2165.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4104.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4100.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4105.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4101.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4179.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2165.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2099.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2099.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2165.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4179.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4101.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4105.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4100.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e4104.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2165.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2055.htmlhttp://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2058.html


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PALACES


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Paa$es

I%peria paa$es are the seat of the E%peror& In thepast* a ne( paa$e (as buit (ith the reo$ation of the

$apita every ti%e a ne( e%peror as$en!e! to thethrone& In


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CASTLES


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Castes

The $ivi (ar aso gave the i%petus for the $onstru$tion of$astes& Initiay buit for purpose of forti0$ation* the $astesbe$a%e the $enter of govern%ent an! status sy%bos for the

provin$ia or!s as (ar !re( to an en! an! Japan (asreunite! in the ate 133s& Hun!re!s of $astes use! to stan!a$ross the $ountry* but !ue to (ars* natura !isasters an!past govern%ents- poi$ies to i%it their nu%bers* to!ay onyt(eve $aste /eeps survive fro% the feu!a era* (hie a fe(!o8en others have been rebuit in the @3th $entury&

The pri%ary %ateria for$aste $onstru$tion use! to be(oo!* but %ost of the rebuit$astes (ere $onstru$te!using ferro $on$rete* an! thusthey oo/ authenti$ fro% the

outsi!e but not fro% (ithin&T(o of the best origina$astes* i&e& $astes thatsurvive! the post'feu!ayears* are Hi%e=i Castean!

Datsu%oto Caste&
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SAMURAI RESIDENCES


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Sa%urai Resi!en$es

4uring the E!o Perio!>1:32 ' 1:


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TOWNHOUSES


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To(nhouses

To(nhouses (ere inhabite! by $rafts%en an! %er$hants*further !o(n the so$ia a!!er in the past& Danyto(nhouses ha! reativey narro( fa$a!es but e"ten!e!(i!e into the ba$/ be$ause ta"ation (as often base! onroa! a$$ess& A typi$a to(nhouse ha! its store in front*the iving +uarters behin!* an! a storehouse >/ura? in theba$/& Storehouses (ere 0re'insuate! (ith earthen (asto prote$t vauabe goo!s fro% the threat of 0res&


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FARMHOUSE


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6ar%house

6ar%ers %a!e up the %a=ority of Japan-s popuation intothe Dei=i Perio!>1:'1G1@?& 4i#erent far%house$onstru$tion styes !eveope! a$$or!ing to (i!ey varying(eather patterns& Ho(ever* ar$hite$tura si%iarities $anbe seen bet(een !(eings a$ross the $ountry* su$h asthe (oo!en fa$a!es* that$he! roofs* sun/en hearths>irori?* earth )oors for stabe an! /it$hen* an! ivingspa$es on eevate! (oo!en )oors that %ay have in$u!e!

so%e tata%i roo%s in $ase of the %ore (e'o# fa%iies&6ar%houses (ere the %ostnu%erous a%ong the o! bui!ingsbut (ere rarey preserve!* an!thus the re%aining ones that (esee to!ay ten! to be the %oreprestigious ones* su$h as thosethat beonge! to viage hea!s or

those in re%ote o$ations su$h asShira/a(agoan! Diya%a(hereentire viages have beenpreserve! to a $ertain !egree&Open air %useu%sare aso goo!pa$es to see regiona styes of

far%houses&


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MEIJI PERIOD


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Dei=i Perio!

The Dei=i Restorationof 1: sa( an in)u" of,estern $on$epts on a%ost a aspe$ts of ife* fro%

$othes to foo!* entertain%ent to ar$hite$ture& Bri$/bui!ings are ega$ies eft behin! fro% this era* an!they $an be foun! espe$iay at the han!fu of portto(ns that (ere eary opene! to internationa tra!e*su$h as7o/oha%a* ;obe*Nagasa/i* Ha/o!atean! Do=i
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MODERN


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Do!ern

Japan is a hotbe! for $onte%porary ar$hite$ture (ithots of eye'$at$hing $reations %ainy in the ea!ing

$ities* espe$iay To/yo& The gro(th of big $ities hase! to the appearan$es of s/ys$rapers an! a variety ofbui!ings e"hibiting artisti$ i%agination&

Dany Japanese ar$hite$tshave %a!e their %ar/ on theinternationa s$ene& Starar$hite$ts in$u!e An!oTa!ao* (ho has (onnu%erous ar$hite$turapri8es an! has !esigne!%any bui!ings both in Japan

an! abroa!& Dutipe%useu%s !esigne! by An!o$an be foun! on Naoshi%a*an isan! in the SetoInan! Seathat has be$o%efa%ous as a site for

$onte%porary art&


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History of Architecture : Japan

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