HISTORY - INDIA

LESSON #4

Indus River Valley Civilizations

• Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.)• dark skinned people (Dravidians)• no written records: artifacts for studying• polytheistic: worshipped animals

• CLOSE TO RIVER– Food– transportation

• Aryans: fair skin • racist: no mixing w/ Dravidians• create caste system• stories (Vedas) - passed down by oral tradition• stories later written in Sanskrit

Invasions and Integration (mixing)

DravidianAryan

Quick Quiz

1. Why would a civilization appear near to a river?

2. How are Aryans different from Dravidians?

3. What is a Veda?

Muslim & Mongols (Mughals)

• Muslim Empire (750 – 1500)• lower castes embraced Islam• Gave rise to Sikhs: Muslims with adaptations of

Hinduism

• Mughal Empire (1200s)• Most famous: Shah Jihan

Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal(she had died after 14th child)

click

Quick Quiz

1. Describe what the Taj looks like.

2. What IS the Taj Mahal?

3. How many people are IN the Taj today?

European Invasion1. Age of European Imperialism (1500s – 1947)

• 1498 – Portugal • 1707 – Dutch East India company

French Mississippi Company British East India Company took Western Cities of India – hired SEPOYS to help in fight (Indian soldiers)

• 1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion 2. Britain annexed India

Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIANext 100 yrs – British ruled Indiaforced Indian farmers to grow cash crops

European Dominance of India

OPIUM

TEA

SPICES

European Interest & Trade with India

Indian Assimilation

Schools, hospitals, roads, railroadsCash CropsEnglish Language

Rebellion by Indians

Sepoy Rebellion, 1857

• Sepoys were Indians hired to be soldiers• British merchants hired them for protection• British government started using them as

military• Sepoys rebelled

• The guns were loaded with cartridges• Cartridges were coated with animal fat• Indians didn’t want to bite into animals

Empress Victoria

English Annexation of India (Start of the “British Raj”)

Queen Victoria

1858-1947

• Britain saw the danger of trusting Sepoys as their main military in India

• British government annexed India• Goal: greater control• This ended Indian independence• Indians would now be treated as

slaves

Quick Quiz

1. What nation came to annex India?

2. What was a Sepoy?

3. Who is Victoria (to India)?

Indian IndependenceIndian Independence (1910-1947)

1920s – Mohandas Gandhi organized mass mobilizationComplete non-cooperation with British

1940s – Muslims demanded their own nation – Civil War 1947 (15 August) – two nations formed

10,000,000 uprooted by partition1 mil. Deaths in civil warExpulsions, riot, killings, refugees, racism

Kashmir still not settled

Indian Nationalism

Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma)Civil DisobedienceShame British into leavingDressed like a commoner

Salt March

Disaster in the Indian Nationalism

• AMRITSAR MASSACRE: British troops open-fired on peaceful Indian protesters

• In 10 min., 379 were killed& 1,100 werewounded

Indian Independence

Quick Quiz

1. What did Gandhi do for Indians in India?

2. What type of “attack” did he encourage?

3. What two “sides” fought in the Civil War?

Modern India

Jawaharlal Nehru 1947-1964

Indira GandhiDaughter of Nehru1955-1977. 1980-1984 assassinated

Rajiv Gandhi Son of Indira1984-1989

Dr. Manmohan Singh 2004-present