History and Philosophy of Science: Origin of Science
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Transcript of History and Philosophy of Science: Origin of Science
Origin of Science
Prepared by: Larry J. Sultiz
HPS
How SCIENCE originated?
Rodney StarkProfessor
American sociologist of religion.
He is distinguished Professor of the Social Sciences at BaylorUniversity, co-director of the university's Institute for Studies ofReligion.
Videoclip for Creation
The rise of science did not take occur in the ancient world, but only as the natural outgrowth of Christian doctrine.
According to Rodney Stark:
The Christian God created nature; nature exists because God created it.
To love and honor God, His people must study the wonders of His handiwork. Men in the monasteries of 6th century Europe began to think about the verse in Psalm 148.
“He hath established the earth by an everlasting decree.”
He hath also established them for ever and ever: He hath made a decree which shall not pass.
Psalm 148:6
Let them praise the name of the LORD: for He commanded and they were created.
Psalm 148:5
Europeans' faith in God led them to explore His works on the Earth, thus creating science.
Thinking about this and the whole theme of God’s righteousnessgave them faith that God had ordered all of nature.
So, a great search for order began, and the scientific method ofexperimenting and measuring began.
The result, for the first time in the history of the world, was:
Astronomyinstead of astrology
Chemistryinstead of alchemy.
Science as we know it today began when some Christian men abandoned their doctrine that the routine operation of the universe required the continuous active involvement of God.
That meant they could study cause and effect, since the effect didn't depend on the whim of God.
From that point, they decided to try to understand how theuniverse works.
The motive was to glorify the God they believed created it. Inmost cases, they used their own personal / family wealth, withsome support from the church.
Origin of Science is associated with names like:
Copernicus Kepler Galileo Newton
Copernicusmathematician and astronomer
Formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at its center.
Johanne Keplermathematician, astronomer and astrologer
He is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works.
Galileo GalileiItalian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher
Played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.
Isaac NewtonEnglish physicist and mathematician
Widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time.
Until approximately 1500, the following were more highly developed than in the West:
In Islam
mathematics medicinegeometric optics
astronomy
But science was not institutionalized in Islamic society.Nor was it institutionalized in ancient and medieval China,despite significant achievements.
Similar arguments apply to all other societies andcivilizations. Science can be found in many of them but wasinstitutionalized and perpetuated in none.
Astronomy
Biology
Botany
Chemistry
Ecology
Evolution
Geology
Geophysics
Palaeontology
Physics
Natural Science
Algebra
Calculus
Combinatorics
Geometry
Logic
Probability
Statistics
Trigonometry
Mathematics
Anthropology
Economics
Geography
Linguistics
Political science
Psychology
Sociology
Sustainability
Social Sciences
Agricultural Science
Computer Science
Materials Science
Engineering
Technology
Human medicine Veterinary medicine
Anatomy
Neuroscience
Neurology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacy
Medicine
Is a body of empirical, theoretical and practicalknowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists whoemphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of realworld phenomena.
SCIENCE
The English word scientist is relatively recent
—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.
Previously, people investigating nature called themselves as:
Trivia!
natural philosophers
History and Philosophy of Science
Professor Lalaine G. Sariana