History and development
Transcript of History and development
![Page 1: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
By: T. Du, J. Justin, A. Martin, and S .PenApril 17, 2011
![Page 2: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In 1895, German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923) experimented with a cathode ray tube
This tube made it possible to screen through human tissue leaving the bones and metals visible to the “naked-eye” (“X-ray, n.d.).
Copyright 2010 by The Nobel Foundation
2
![Page 3: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cathode ray tube
Copyright 2011 by crtsite.com
3
![Page 4: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A week after his discovery, Roentgen took an X-ray photograph of his wife's (Anna) hand which clearly revealed her wedding ring and her bones.
4
Copyright 2011 by Afflictor.com
![Page 5: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
For this miraculous discovery, Roentgen admitted that he did not know the precise nature of these new rays.
This is how he chose to name them "X-rays," since "X" is the mathematical symbol for the unknown (“X-ray, n.d.).
5
![Page 6: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
In 1901, Roentgen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him".
6
![Page 7: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The news of discovery spread quickly throughout the world-scientist everywhere duplicated his experiment, and was clinically used to in the U.S. (“X-ray, n.d.).
This was the landmark discovery was recognized as a development of medicine (medical diagnostic tool).
7
![Page 8: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
X-ray was not sophisticated and had limitations.› The internal structures were imposed on
each other› Lack of depth
Scientists developed methods with use of computers that made it possible for advance innovation.
8
![Page 9: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
In early 1970› Godfrey Hounsfield and Allen Cormack
developed Computer tomography (CT). Between 1974 and 1976
› First clinical CT scanners were installed (original systems were dedicated to head imaging only).
In1976› “Whole body” systems with larger patient
openings became available.9
![Page 10: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
By about 1980› CT became widely available.
In the early 1980’s› A couple of hospitals in Lebanon (including
AUBMC) acquired this technology. Today
› More than 6,000 CT scanners installed in the U.S. and more than 30,000 installed worldwide (Mostafa, 2007).
10
![Page 11: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Copyright 2011 by ABCnews.com
![Page 12: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright 2010 by Slate.com
12
![Page 13: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
With advancement of technology in the 21st century, the scans have revolutionized medical imaging and higher resolution (producing three-dimensional views of organs and other tissues), speed, and patient comfort (“Problematic medical scans,” 2007).
The scans have become undeniably of great value in helping doctors diagnose just what is causing a patient's illness or pain (“Problematic medical scans,” 2007).
13
![Page 14: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hodgson, W. E. [Artist]. (2011). [Untitled drawing of Professor Roentgen at work]. Retrieved on April 4, 2011, from http://www.crtsite.com/image/roentgen%20at%20work.jpg
Mostafa, G. (2007). Quick history about the CT scanner and its uses. Retrieved from http://www.syndicateofhospitals.org.lb/magazine/issue-1/Page%2040-042.pdf
Problematic medical scans. (2007 November 30). New York Times. pg. A.22 Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.mutex.gmu.edu/pqdweb?index=4&did=1390829971&SrchMode=2&sid=6&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1297038331&clientId=31810
14
![Page 15: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Roentgen. (2010). Retrieved on April 2, 2011, from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/rontgen-bio.html#
Roentgen Wife Hand. (2011). Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://afflictor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Roentgen_wife_hand.jpg
"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901". (2011April 17). Nobelprize.org. Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/
15
![Page 16: History and development](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5580bf15d8b42ac6088b52c6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
[Untitled photograph of body scanner]. (2010). Retrieved from http://a.abcnews.com/images/Health/nm_ct_scan_100708_mn.jpg
[Untitled photograph of body scanner]. (2010). Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.slate.com/id/2273844/
X-ray. (n.d.). Retrieved February 6 ,2011, from
http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/To-Z/X-ray.html
16