History and Application of Integers in Real Life

By…

Micah, Nitin,

Salasha, Siddharth, Sunaina,

and Vaibhav6A Group 5

Introduction-A poem on Integers

When you subtract or add, there is no need to get mad

When the number is smaller, there is no need to Holler

It is as simple as can be, it will fill you with gleeAnd the bigger one keeps the sign.

 When you multiply or divide, there is no need to hide.When you have two negatives together, it is as easy

as lifting a featherIt equals a plus, there is no need to fuss

So now you know the sign. 

Mathematicians

Archimedes Euclid Sir Isaac Newton Pythagoras Blaise Pascal Carl Friedrich Gause Aryabhatta Ramanujam Brahmagupta

History

Integers appear for the first time in the Nine Chapters of Mathematical Art.

It used red rods for positive numbers and black rods for negative numbers.

Negative solutions to problems were considered false.

The Indian Bakshali Manuscript carried out calculations using “+’ as a negative sign

Sports

In Ice hockey, the use of integers is very evident. You get positive marks on the right hand side of scale when

you score. You get negative marks when you are scored against. At the end of the game, your score gets balanced out based

on the positive and negative points you have scored.

Temperature and Directed Numbers

Integers are also used to denote directions, height and weather readings.

A positive altitude which means height above sea level and negative on the other hand means reverse.

On the temperature front, positive integer would mean warmer temperature whereas negative means a colder temperature.

The temperature of 5 cities in the world

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Temperature in Degree Celsius

Buffalo

Cape Town

Yakutsk

Shanghai

Sydney

Banks and Business

Businesses and banks use integers to represent the value of gain or transaction.

A positive move on the stock market is represented as a positive integer and vice versa.

In banking terms, the daily bankly transactions are also represented by means of positive and negative integers.

Integers depicting birth and death rate

Birth Rate

% change 1998-2008

Punjab -23

Kerala -20

Maharashtra -20

West Bengal -18

Death Rate

Madhya Pradesh -23

Rajasthan -23

Bihar -22

Uttar Pradesh -20

BUDGETING

When preparing a budget, the allocations are also represented as integers.

The reference to allocations is represented by a positive or negative integer when compared with allocation for the previous cycle.

Budget PlanRachel has to bake cupcakes for her school’s baking fair, therefore she needs to know what all she would need and how much will it cost. Her mother tells her the things she would need and how much they would cost, her mother also tells her to make sure she does not spend too much. So, Rachel makes this budget plan :

Let expenses be denoted by a “-” sign,Then, savings will be denoted by a “+” sign .

Sl.no Item Units

Budget Amount [in Rs.]

Actual Price [in Rs.]

Savings [in Rs.]

1 Flour 1/2 kg 30 25 5

2 Sugar 1/4 kg 15 19 -4

3Baking Powder 50 gr 12 20 -8

4 Salt 1/4 kg 15 10 5

6 Eggs 2 18 15 3

7 Milk 1/2 ltr 25 20 5

8

Vanilla Essenc

e

1 bottle 3 5 -2

TOTAL= 118 114 4

CITATIONS

1. http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/beyond/articles/Integers/integer1.html {for basic information}

2. http://www.staff.vu.edu.au/mcaonline/units/numbers/numdir.html {for directed numbers}

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_negative_numbers#History {for history}

4. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/famous-mathematicians.html

5. {for mathematicians}

6. http://www.wunderground.com/ {for temperature of different cities}7. http://www.msscott.org/Algebra/Miss%20Scott's%20Web%20Page/Stude

nt%20Work/poems.htm {for poem}

We would like to thank Vinish sir, Ganesh sir and Bindiya Ma’am for helping us at the E-Learning Lab, Siddharth and Vaibhav for getting information on sports, Micah for Banks and Business, Nitin for temperature and directed numbers, Sunaina for history and Salasha for Budgeting.

We also want to give a big thank you to Bhagya ma’am who allowed us and gave us the opportunity to do such a wonderful project!!

THANK YOU!!!

Acknowledgement