HISTORY SYLLABUS IN BRIEFPEACE AFTER WW I ***COMMUNIST RUSSIA ***COMMUNIST RUSSIA

What were the terms of the TOV?

Loss of German territory Disarmament War Guilt & Reparations

LON: Success

Bulgarian-Greek Conflict Aaland Islands Mosul Silesia

Failures Ruhr Crisis Vilna Corfu Memel Greco-Turkish War

Disarmament Washington Naval

Conference Locarno Pact Kellogg-Briand Pact

Aid to Germany Young Plan Dawes Plan

What were the reasons for Stalin’s rise to power? Manipulation Underestimated by rivals Luck Positioned himself as Lenin’s successor Strong powerbase

Stalin’s DictatorshipHis goals:

Increase military strength Achieve self-sufficiency Attain Socialism Increase food supply Establish his credentials Improve standards of living

5 Year Plans:Advantages:

Increase in heavy industrial output Free healthcare & education for workers Women entered workforce Started industrialisation process for USSR

Disadvantages: Rampant corruption & inefficiency Consumer industries neglected Focus on quantity not quality Harsh working conditions Workers poorly paid Mass migration & overcrowding of cities

Collectivisation:Advantages:

Increased food supply for cities Stalin achieved control of countryside

Disadvantages: Famine & starvation in countryside Kulaks deported to Gulags Collectives poorly run

Purges: Stalin’s paranoia Role of Secret Police – NKVD Labour camps – Gulags Show trials Atmosphere of fear & distrust

Propaganda Rewriting history Cult of Personality

***NAZI GERMANY FASCIST JAPAN & ***ROAD TO WAR (EUROPE) OUTBREAK OF COLD WAR

PACIFIC WAR

Rise of Hitler:Internal Factors:

Opposition to Weimar No democratic tradition Weimar’s weakness

External Factors: Unpopularity of TOV Great Depression

Other Factors: Hitler’s charisma

How did Hitler win absolute power?

Reichstag Fire Reichstag Elections Enabling Act Abolition of state

governments Ban on political parties &

trade unions Night of Long Knives Death of Hindenburg

Hitler’s Dictatorship Propaganda Youth organizations Education Churches Family Life Workers & Economy

Failure of Japanese Democracy:

Diet’s Ineffectiveness Corruption Economic Problems

Rise of Fascism:Internal Factors:

Worsening relations with west

Rise of Chinese nationalism

External Factors: Show Restoration Patriotic Societies Strong military influence

Japan’s Foreign Policy Aims: Build Asia-Pacific

Empire Liberate Asians from

west Solve overpopulation Control resources & raw

materials E.g. Manchuria

Why did War Break Out? Desire to conquer China Neutrality with the

Soviets Europeans more worried

about Hitler Worsening relations with

the U.S. Appointment of Hideki

Tojo as PM.

Why was Peace Threatened in the 1930s?Hitler’s Ambition

Rearmament & remilitarization Anschluss Lebensraum Destroy Communism

Great Depression Economic rivalry – protectionism Aggression Social unrest Rise of Dictators

Failure of LON Unable to stop aggression – no

army Self interest of members No power to force disarmament E.g. Abyssinia

Appeasement No one wanted another world war Buy time for Britain & France to

rearm Britain & France facing colonial

revolts Concentrate on internal problems American isolationism Sympathy for Germany – TOV

unfair Communist as greater evil E.g. Sudetenland & Czech

Why did war break out: Nazi-Soviet Pact Failure of Appeasement Invasion of Poland

Why did the Cold War Break out? Ideological differences Mutual Distrust Conflicting aims in E. Europe

Points of Tension Atomic Bomb Post-War Fate of Germany Fate of E. Europe “Iron Curtain” Speech Truman Doctrine & Containment Marshall Plan Soviet Response: COMECON & COMINFORM

Germany: Source of Conflict: Democracy Reconstruction Reparations Status of Berlin

Results of Berlin Blockade: Creation of 2 Germanys Rehabilitation of W. Germany The creation of NATO & Warsaw Pact World divided into 2 camps

Key Events in Cold War “Loss” of China ***Korean War Hungarian Uprising U2 Spyplane Incident Berlin Wall Nuclear/Space Race Checkpoint Charlie ***Cuban Missile Crisis

END OF COLD WAR FALL OF COMMUNISM IN E. EUROPE

Problems Facing USSR E. Germany

Command Economy Rigid bureaucratic system Unproductive industries Over-emphasis on heavy

industries Weak Agricultural sector Little contact with world

Ineffective Government Unwilling to embrace

change Conservative & corrupt Apathetic people

External Problems Star Wars Anti-Soviet Sentiments Increased Spending

Gorbachev’s Reforms: Glasnost Perestroika

Why did the USSR Collapse? Failure of Gorby’s Reforms Loss of Communist Party’s

Authority Cold War Bankrupted

USSR Rise of Nationalism Immediate Cause: Aug

1991 Coup

Massive protests Embassy sit-ins Resignation of Honecker Collapse of the Berlin Wall Reunification Peaceful

Poland Role of Solidarity Communists lost in elections Peaceful

Hungary Rehabilitation of Imre Nagy Communist lost in elections Peaceful

Czechoslovakia Rehabilitation of Alexander Dubcek Communists forced out Peaceful

Romania Execution of Nicolae Ceaucescu Bloody battles with police & anti-govt demonstrators Violent revolution

Bulgaria Communists lost in elections Peaceful

SBQ Topics are denoted with ***

Please note that WW I is NON-EXAMINABLE