CHAPTER 13 Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer Fig. 13.5.
Historical Technology Transfer Activities and Productivity ...
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1 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 2 Initiative to Mobilize Partnerships for successful Assistive Technology Transfer , Pittsburgh, PA . Erin Higgins 1,2 , Michelle Zorrilla, Ph.D. 1,2 , Nancy Augustine, M.S. 1,2 , Mary Goldberg, Ph.D. 1,2 , Jonathan Pearlman, Ph.D. 1,2 Historical Technology Transfer Activities and Productivity of NIDILRR Grantees INTRODUCTION METHODS METHODS RESULTS RESULTS DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Assistive technologies (ATs) are needed by an estimated one billion individuals worldwide and are in limited supply. A key approach to increase access to appropriate AT is through investments in research, development and tech-transfer of AT. The Initiative to Mobilize Partnerships for Successful Assistive Technology Translation (IMPACT) center is focused on identifying and reducing the barriers to successful AT technology transfer (ATTT). This paper explores historical trends in ATTT from NIDILRR funded grants to inform the IMPACT center’s future work. We searched publicly-available databases for indications of technology (tech) transfer. PubMed was used to identify papers that mentioned NIDILRR grants. Google Scholar was used to identify additional papers that were not located on PubMed. The Google patent database was used in conjunction with the United States Patent Office database to find all patents that were related to the grant numbers from NIDILRR. Finally, a general web search was conducted to find indications of products available online, including informational websites. An additional data source of grantee reported paper outcomes was also provided by the National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC). Data were broken down into eight categories based on the project’s focus. The flow of decisions is shown in figure 1 below. Many of the tech outputs were listed online either for sale or for free and were further categorized and organized based on the criteria listed in figure 2 below. Outputs were used to explore these six areas of interest: (1) trends in subject matter; (2) key players and geography; (3) most common output types; (4) patent classification trends; (5) grant mechanism productivity; and (6) cost per output. An overview of the results are shown in the figures below. Figure 3 is the overall outputs across categories, figure 4 breaks down by category across topic areas, and and figure 5 breaks outputs down by grant mechanism. This work was supported by NIDILRR #: 90DPKT0002. Thanks to NARIC for providing additional outputs as reported by the grantees. Figure 1: Flow Diagram of Data Decisions Organization Author Title Year (Up to 10 Years After Grant) Topic Organization or Author Add to Database Output Found? No Yes Filter By Filter By Category Criteria Hardware i. The website provided directed us to an online catalog where you could purchase a product or order for free a product ii. The product available was not purely software based and included primarily mechanical components Software i. The website provided directed us to an online catalog where you could purchase a product or order for free a product ii. The product available was entirely software based and did not include any physical components Informational i. The website provided directed us to an online source that included information or files that could be downloaded ii. These informational files included but were not limited to: standards, lesson plans, building directions, safety instructions, etc. Figure 2: Criteria for online output categorization RESULTS 6826 357 158 89 24 Breakdown of All NIDILRR Grant Outputs Scientific Paper Informational Websites Patents Software Products Hardware Products Figure 3: Outputs of all NIDILRR Grantees Found Through Our Searching Methods 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Recreation Travel and Transportation Physical Environment Computer access Outcomes and training Hearing and communication Vision Cognitive Mobility and Manipulation Outputs by Category Paper Informational Website Patent Software Product Hardware Product Figure 4: Outputs Produced by Grant Subject Matter 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 DRRP FIP RERC SBIR Outputs by Grant Type Hardware Product Software Product Patents Informational Website Papers Figure 5: Outputs Produced Shown By Grant Mechanism LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK • The number of grants correlates positively with the output number which indicates that successful examples in your chosen field is a great facilitator to tech transfer • Providing examples of successful projects and applications may help to widen the group of individuals who receive NIDILRR funding and introduce more novel ideas • 91% of outputs are scientific papers • Increasing number of patents in computer devices • SBIRs are very productive • Most of the patents that were generated were in the category of mobility and manipulation products • 77% of missing papers from public searches were from RERCs • Online searches are not exhaustive and capture mostly recent outputs. • Surveys are being sent out to grantees to gather additional data.
Transcript of Historical Technology Transfer Activities and Productivity ...
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 2Initiative to Mobilize Partnerships for successful Assistive Technology Transfer , Pittsburgh, PA .
Erin Higgins1,2, Michelle Zorrilla, Ph.D.1,2, Nancy Augustine, M.S.1,2, Mary Goldberg, Ph.D.1,2, Jonathan Pearlman, Ph.D.1,2
Historical Technology Transfer Activities and Productivity of NIDILRR Grantees
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
METHODS RESULTS RESULTS
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assistive technologies (ATs) are needed by anestimated one billion individuals worldwide andare in limited supply. A key approach to increaseaccess to appropriate AT is through investmentsin research, development and tech-transfer of AT.The Initiative to Mobilize Partnerships forSuccessful Assistive Technology Translation(IMPACT) center is focused on identifying andreducing the barriers to successful AT technologytransfer (ATTT). This paper explores historicaltrends in ATTT from NIDILRR funded grants toinform the IMPACT center’s future work.
We searched publicly-available databases forindications of technology (tech) transfer. PubMedwas used to identify papers that mentionedNIDILRR grants. Google Scholar was used toidentify additional papers that were not locatedon PubMed. The Google patent database wasused in conjunction with the United States PatentOffice database to find all patents that wererelated to the grant numbers from NIDILRR.Finally, a general web search was conducted tofind indications of products available online,including informational websites. An additionaldata source of grantee reported paper outcomeswas also provided by the National RehabilitationInformation Center (NARIC). Data were brokendown into eight categories based on the project’sfocus. The flow of decisions is shown in figure 1below.
Many of the tech outputs were listed online eitherfor sale or for free and were further categorizedand organized based on the criteria listed infigure 2 below.
Outputs were used to explore these six areas of interest: (1) trends in subject matter; (2) key players and geography; (3) most common output types; (4) patent classification trends; (5) grant mechanism productivity; and (6) cost per output. An overview of the results are shown in the figures below. Figure 3 is the overall outputs across categories, figure 4 breaks down by category across topic areas, and and figure 5 breaks outputs down by grant mechanism. This work was supported by NIDILRR #:
90DPKT0002. Thanks to NARIC for providingadditional outputs as reported by the grantees.
Figure 1: Flow Diagram of Data Decisions
Organization Author Title
Year (Up to 10 Years After
Grant)
Topic Organization or Author
Add to Database
Output Found?
No
Yes
Filter By
Filter By
Category Criteria
Hardware i. The website provided directed us to an online catalog where you could purchase a product or order for free a product
ii. The product available was not purely software based and included primarily mechanical components
Software i. The website provided directed us to an online catalog where you could purchase a product or order for free a product
ii. The product available was entirely software based and did not include any physical components
Informational i. The website provided directed us to an online source that included information or files that could be downloaded
ii. These informational files included but were not limited to: standards, lesson plans, building directions, safety instructions, etc.
Figure 2: Criteria for online output categorization
RESULTS
6826
357 158 89 24Breakdown of All NIDILRR Grant Outputs
Scientific Paper Informational WebsitesPatents Software ProductsHardware Products
Figure 3: Outputs of all NIDILRR Grantees Found Through Our Searching Methods
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Recrea
tion
Travel
and T
ransp
ortati
on
Physic
al Env
ironm
ent
Compu
ter ac
cess
Outcom
es an
d trai
ning
Hearin
g and
commun
icatio
nVisio
n
Cognit
ive
Mobility
and M
anipu
lation
Outputs by Category
Paper Informational WebsitePatent Software ProductHardware Product
Figure 4: Outputs Produced by Grant Subject Matter
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500
DRRP FIP RERC SBIR
Outputs by Grant Type
Hardware ProductSoftware ProductPatentsInformational WebsitePapers
Figure 5: Outputs Produced Shown By Grant Mechanism
LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK
• The number of grants correlates positively with the output number which indicates that successful examples in your chosen field is a great facilitator to tech transfer
• Providing examples of successful projects and applications may help to widen the group of individuals who receive NIDILRR funding and introduce more novel ideas
• 91% of outputs are scientific papers• Increasing number of patents in computer
devices• SBIRs are very productive• Most of the patents that were generated were
in the category of mobility and manipulation products
• 77% of missing papers from public searches were from RERCs
• Online searches are not exhaustive and capture mostly recent outputs.
• Surveys are being sent out to grantees to gather additional data.
