RESEARCH DESIGN

FOUR KINDS OF RESEARCH DESIGNS:

1. HISTORICAL DESIGN (WHAT WAS)

2. DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN (WHAT IS)

3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (WHAT WILL BE)

4. CASE STUDY DESIGN

HISTORY-”any integrated narrative or descriptive past events or facts written in a spirit of critical inquiry for the whole truth”- Nevins (1978)

-“branch of knowledge concerned with past events, especially those involving human affairs.” – Funk and Wagnalls (1976)

-”search for knowledge and the truth” – Good and Scates (1972)

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

- Is a scientific critical inquiry of the whole truth of past events using the critical method in the understanding and interpretation of facts which are applicable to current issues and problems.

-applies to all fields of study.

-both science and art.

- It is a procedure supplementary to observation in which the researcher seeks to test the authenticity of the reports or observation made by others.

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL RESEARCHERS

PERSISTENT

PATIENT

NON-ALLERGIC

KEEPER

IDIOSYNCRASIESRe-search.

The only thing certain is the past.All researchers who follow the scientific method are historians.The older the information, the more precious and valuable it is.

USES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

1. Historical Research is useful in searching through the past for solutions to contemporary problems and needs;

2. It is used to throw light on the present;

3. It gives people a sense of continuity of the past to the present;

4. It enables the communities to grasp their relationship with the past to the current issues; and

5. It chronicles events of enduring worth which confer upon the individual consciousness of unity and the feeling of importance of human achievement.

USES OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

MAJOR STEPS OF HISTORICALRESEARCH (Busha & Harter)

1. The recognition of a historical problem or the identification of a need for certain historical knowledge.

2. The gathering of as much relevant information about the problem or topic as possible.

MAJOR STEPS OF HISTORICALRESEARCH (Busha & Harter)

4. The rigorous collection and organization of evidence, and the verification of the authenticity and veracity of information and its sources.

3. If appropriate, the forming of hypothesis that tentatively explain relationships between historical factors.

MAJOR STEPS OF HISTORICALRESEARCH (Busha & Harter)

5. The selection, organization, and analysis of the most pertinent collected evidence, and the drawing of conclusions; and

6. The recording of conclusions in a meaningful narrative.