Historical Perspectives in Special Education
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Transcript of Historical Perspectives in Special Education
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Historical Perspectives in Special Education
A brief review
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Ancient Views (BC)
Seriously affected seldom survived birth Mildly disabled survived and contributed Belief in supernatural led to (2) different
views: Demons; therefore kill them Unique; therefore revere and honor Regardless, those with disabilities were
isolated
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An Ethical Dilemma
Over 400,000 babies are born in the US premature
They are at risk for life long disabilities
Often policy to resuscitate all babies weighing 1 lb or more
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Greek and Roman
Early: Away from supernatural to natural causes
Holistic interventions such as: Diet Exercise Natural herbs etc Mind, body, spirit
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Greek and Roman (con’t)
Later in this period: Need for military superiority Therefore, needed society free of
“defectives” Returned to previous views of disability Called Era of Extermination Individual is what he is, now and forever
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Greek & Roman(con’t)
Consequences of Philosophy: Punishment: Chaining Left on hills to die Thrown off cliffs Locked away Drown Father had right to terminate child’s life
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Locked away
Thrown off cliffs
Chained
Greek and Roman treatment of the disabled
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Middle Ages
Rigid caste system Era of Ridicule Those with disabilities were: Used as servants or fools Some were still put to death Dwarfs were used as clowns Overall, ridiculed for deformities and behavior
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Middle Ages
Becky
Judy
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Renaissance
Era of Asylum Catholic Church accepts those with
disabilities as wards of state Cared for in isolation No education at first, but humane
treatment Belief: Once disabled, always disabled
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Industrial Revolution
Era of Education Need for mass education, literate
society, and good workers Vocational Emphasis Sheltered workshops emerged
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Early Education Efforts
Itard-wolf boy, multi-sensory learning Sequin-training sequence Montessori-individualized and discovery
learning These were some seeds of special
education
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Maria Montessori
Eduard Seguin
Jean-MarcItard
Pioneers in Special Education
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Turn of the Century (early 1900’s) Early: Biological emphasis Institutional Care/medical model 1900-1950’s some classes for the
mentally retarded
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Turn of the Century (con’t)
Late: Environmental emphasis Veterans-rise in litigation and legislation Civil Rights movement in 50’s and 60’s
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Contemporary Issues
Inclusion Zero Reject Litigation/legislation Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Parents as equal members Collaboration between general ed and
special ed