HISTORICAL HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION AND

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISMThe Silk roadThe Silk roadCapitalismCapitalismIndustrializationIndustrializationImperialismImperialism

THE SILK ROADTHE SILK ROAD The desire for rare treats was an early The desire for rare treats was an early

prompter of international tradeprompter of international trade Over time extensive trading routes Over time extensive trading routes

developed overland and overseasdeveloped overland and overseas The oldest and longest trading network The oldest and longest trading network

was known as the was known as the Silk RoadSilk Road It was a network of trails involving river It was a network of trails involving river

valleys, mountain ranges, and desertsvalleys, mountain ranges, and deserts Beginning in the first century Beginning in the first century AD/CEAD/CE, ,

merchants diplomats and travellers used merchants diplomats and travellers used the routes that the routes that stretched from the stretched from the Roman Empire in the west to China in Roman Empire in the west to China in the eastthe east

THE SILK ROAD ROUTESTHE SILK ROAD ROUTES

THE SILK ROAD ROUTESTHE SILK ROAD ROUTES Exchanges were not only economic, but cultural, Exchanges were not only economic, but cultural,

scientific, religious, linguisticscientific, religious, linguistic Cities along the routes became cultural and Cities along the routes became cultural and

artistic capitals, as well as centers of commerceartistic capitals, as well as centers of commerce Mercantilism Mercantilism a system of regulated a system of regulated

international trade promoted by the European international trade promoted by the European governments, designed to make European governments, designed to make European monarchs rich emergedmonarchs rich emerged

In the 1500s, In the 1500s, Spain, England, France and Spain, England, France and PortugalPortugal sponsored sponsored coloniescolonies in search of in search of natural resourcesnatural resources

Major companies including Major companies including the Dutch and the Dutch and British East India companiesBritish East India companies developed developed

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THE SILK ROAD ROUTESTHE SILK ROAD ROUTES Mercantilism was Mercantilism was EurocentricEurocentric, putting , putting

the needs of the Europeans above the the needs of the Europeans above the needs of the Indigenous peoplesneeds of the Indigenous peoples

Some partnerships were founded on Some partnerships were founded on respect, but that was not the normrespect, but that was not the norm

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John Cabot, claimed what is today Newfoundland shortly after the voyages of Columbus

THE NAMES FOR CAPITALISMTHE NAMES FOR CAPITALISM

MARKET ECONOMY CAPITALISM

FREE ENTERPRISE

PRIVATE ENTERPRISE

EARLY CAPITALISMEARLY CAPITALISM

The 18The 18thth century was a time for century was a time for challenging challenging conventionalconventional ideas ideas

François Quesney and A.R.J. Turgot François Quesney and A.R.J. Turgot led the fight for economic freedom led the fight for economic freedom during the French revolutionduring the French revolution

Adam Smith(1723-1790) solidified his Adam Smith(1723-1790) solidified his views in his work views in his work The Wealth of The Wealth of NationsNations

BASIC BELIEFS OF CAPITALISMBASIC BELIEFS OF CAPITALISM

private propertyprivate property price system based on supply and price system based on supply and

demanddemand competitioncompetition freedom to buy and sellfreedom to buy and sell the profit motivethe profit motive Minimal government intervention in Minimal government intervention in

economyeconomy inequalities of wealthinequalities of wealth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eP6iujgeWI&safe=active

COMPETITION AND FREEDOMCOMPETITION AND FREEDOM Key to Smith’s beliefs was the role of Key to Smith’s beliefs was the role of

entrepreneursentrepreneurs He believed the people were basically He believed the people were basically

greedy, but greedy, but society would benefit from society would benefit from this greedthis greed

However, from the earliest stages there However, from the earliest stages there were many who were critical of the were many who were critical of the capitalist philosophycapitalist philosophy

However one must understand that However one must understand that capitalism is the foundation of capitalism is the foundation of economic globalization todayeconomic globalization today

ALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISMALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISM

John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill thought that government thought that government should enact laws to protect workersshould enact laws to protect workers

Karl MarxKarl Marx came up with the concept of came up with the concept of Central planning, where people work for Central planning, where people work for government-owned and government-government-owned and government-controlled enterprisescontrolled enterprises

Russia, China and CubaRussia, China and Cuba have all used have all used central planning systems central planning systems

In recent years many of these economies In recent years many of these economies have taken steps towards capitalismhave taken steps towards capitalism

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INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION Quite simply Quite simply the shift from home based the shift from home based

production using highly skilled production using highly skilled craftspeople, to factory based craftspeople, to factory based production using semi-skilled workersproduction using semi-skilled workers

In England the transformation was so In England the transformation was so dramatic the term dramatic the term Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution was appliedwas applied

Cottage industriesCottage industries are places where a are places where a skilled craftsman does work by hand from skilled craftsman does work by hand from the raw material to finished product stagethe raw material to finished product stage

INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION New inventions helped both the consistency of New inventions helped both the consistency of

products and the volume, which translated into products and the volume, which translated into lower costs for the consumerlower costs for the consumer

In the early days, factory workers were in In the early days, factory workers were in abundance, as a result they were treated poorly, abundance, as a result they were treated poorly, paid poorly, and worked in unsafe and dangerous paid poorly, and worked in unsafe and dangerous conditionsconditions

There were no protections for factory workersThere were no protections for factory workers Soon some enlightened thinkers like Soon some enlightened thinkers like Robert OwenRobert Owen

tried to improve the conditions for workers at his tried to improve the conditions for workers at his New LanarkNew Lanark factory factory

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IMPERIALISM AND IMPERIALISM AND EUROCENTRISMEUROCENTRISM

ImperialismImperialism is an association that is an association that intentionally benefits one country over intentionally benefits one country over anotheranother

It is It is accomplished byaccomplished by laying claim to laying claim to territories inhabited by indigenous territories inhabited by indigenous peoples, and seizing land and peoples, and seizing land and resources through conflict or warfare, resources through conflict or warfare, and finally imposing political controland finally imposing political control

During the 17During the 17thth and 18 and 18thth centuries centuries European competition in imperialism European competition in imperialism was at its apexwas at its apex

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Who do each of the figures in the cartoon represent? In what ways is the cartoon a commentary on old style imperialism? Who is the cartoon sympathetic to? Who is it critical of? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA&feature=related&safe=active

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISMEUROPEAN IMPERIALISM There were There were three distinct formsthree distinct forms of of

imperialism practiced by the Europeansimperialism practiced by the Europeans• ColoniesColonies, territories that belonged to a , territories that belonged to a

European country, it was completely subject to European country, it was completely subject to that European countrythat European country

• Protectorate, Protectorate, an area that maintained it’s an area that maintained it’s own sovereignty but was guided by a European own sovereignty but was guided by a European CountryCountry

• Sphere of influence, Sphere of influence, an area in which a an area in which a European country attempted to control both European country attempted to control both politics and economicspolitics and economics

TRADE AND IMPERIALISMTRADE AND IMPERIALISM

The European countries imported The European countries imported raw raw materialsmaterials from colonies and then from colonies and then produced produced finished goodsfinished goods using those using those materials, which were than market back to materials, which were than market back to the source countriesthe source countries

In order to maintain this arrangement, In order to maintain this arrangement, European countries often impeded European countries often impeded industrial development in their colonies, industrial development in their colonies, and placed restricted trading practicesand placed restricted trading practices

THE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISMTHE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISM Indigenous peoples were often Indigenous peoples were often

displaceddisplaced Indigenous systems of government Indigenous systems of government

and commerce were replaced by and commerce were replaced by European systemsEuropean systems

Exploitation of raw materials by Exploitation of raw materials by Colonizing nationsColonizing nations

Loss of Indigenous cultures and Loss of Indigenous cultures and languageslanguages

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-TLC0NRQ&feature=related&safe=active TLC0NRQ&feature=related&safe=active