Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher...

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John Dalton 1807 He built upon Democritus’s atomic theory. He built upon Democritus’s atomic theory. Matter is made up of atoms Matter is made up of atoms Atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces. Atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces. All the atoms of an element are exactly the same All the atoms of an element are exactly the same Different elements have different kinds of atoms Different elements have different kinds of atoms Compounds form by combining atoms Compounds form by combining atoms

Transcript of Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher...

Page 1: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Historical Development of an Atom

Page 2: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Democritus 470-380 B.C

Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

He proposed that matter could NOT be divided into smaller pieces forever.

He believed that matter was made of small, hard, particles, that he called “atomos”

Page 3: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

John Dalton 1807 He built upon Democritus’s atomic

theory. Matter is made up of atoms Atoms cannot be divided into smaller

pieces. All the atoms of an element are

exactly the same Different elements have different

kinds of atoms Compounds form by combining

atoms

Page 4: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

John Dalton 1807

Model DrawingSolid throughout Same throughout

Page 5: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

J.J. Thomson 1898

Particles smaller than the atom exists

Discovered the electron, which is negatively charged

If atoms have negative particles, then atoms must also have positive particles.

Page 6: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

J.J. Thomson 1898

Model Drawing

Positive and negative particles

Page 7: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Ernest Rutherford 1911

Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment.

In his experiment a radio active beam emitted (+) alpha particles toward gold foil.

Most particles went through, some were deflected, and others bounced back!

This showed that atoms have a very dense (+) center.

Page 8: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Ernest Rutherford 1911

Rutherford showed that atoms have (+) particles in the center and are mostly empty space.

He called the center of the atoms the nucleus.

All the mass of an atom and its positive charge are located in the nucleus.

Page 9: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Ernest Rutherford 1911

Model Drawing

Positive nucleusNegative particles surround nucleus

Page 10: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Niels Bohr 1913

Niels Bohr improved on Rutherford’s model.

He proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in specific layers or shells.

Every atom has a specific number of electron shells.

Page 11: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Niels Bohr 1913

Electrons move in orbits around the nucleus

1st energy level = 2 electrons 2nd energy level = 8 electrons 3rd energy level = 18 electrons 4th energy level = 32 electrons

Page 12: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Niels Bohr 1913

Model Drawing

Electrons orbit the positive nucleus on energy levels

Page 13: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

James Chadwick 1932

Chadwick discovered neutrons He worked with Rutherford and

discovered particles with no charge He called those particles neutrons Neutrons are found in the nucleus

of an atom.

Page 14: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

James Chadwick 1932

Model Drawing

Electrons orbit the positive nucleus which contains protons and neutrons

Page 15: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Electron Cloud ModelCurrent

Electrons do not follow fixed orbits, but tend to occur more frequently in certain areas around the nucleus

it is impossible to know where an electron is at any given time

Page 16: Historical Development of an Atom. Democritus 470-380 B.C Democritus was a Greek philosopher (470-380 B.C.) who is the father of modern atomic thought.

Electron Cloud ModelCurrent Model Drawing

Electrons are located in clouds

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