Hiroshima & Nagasaki. Postdam Declaration July 26, 1945 – “We call upon the government of Japan...
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Transcript of Hiroshima & Nagasaki. Postdam Declaration July 26, 1945 – “We call upon the government of Japan...
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Postdam Declaration
July 26, 1945 – “We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconstitutional surrender of all Japanese armed forces…the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.”
Little Boy & the Enola Gay• Little Boy – uranium
bomb• Weighs 9,700 pounds• 10 feet tall• Equal to 200,000 regular
bombs
• Enola Gay – B-29 bomber• Piloted by Colonel Paul
Tibbets, Jr. & 11 crew• Bomb was activated after it
was released & took 45 seconds to explode 1900 feet above Hiroshima
“I knew we did the right thing… I thought, yes, we’re going to kill a lot of people, but by God we’re going to save lives.”
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945• Industrial City• Bomb – ball of fire spread
3 miles, temperature over 5,000F – Everything within one mile vaporized
• Winds – shock wave went 7 miles in 30 seconds
• Damage over 25 miles
Fat Man & Nagasaki• August 9, 1945 – industrial
ship building city for Japanese navy
• Fat Boy – plutonium A-bomb – much bigger
• Exploded at 1,800 ft• Mountains helped to limit
destruction
Aftermath
• More than 90% of buildings in Hiroshima destroyed• After the initial blast – nuclear fallout- radioactive
particles are carried for miles• 45,000 killed by immediate blast in Hiroshima & 22,000
in Nagasaki – thousands more die of other injuries• Black Rain – 30 mins after the bomb, black, sticky rain
fell and spread radioactive material to more people• Radiation released enters the cells of a body and can kill
days, weeks, months, or years after the bombing
Survivors - Hibakusha• Suffered from radiation burns, people’s bones melted
inside their bodies, radiation poisoning, disfigured• No medical attention• Radiation Sickness – hair loss, bleeding in the gums &
under skin, weight loss, diarrhea – start dying within 10 days
• Cancer – leukemia…“Red spots appeared on my body, my throat hurt, I couldn’t eat, I had a temperature, my gums bled, and my hair fell out. For twenty days I remained in bed, on the verge of death.” – Mikiso Iwasa, Hiroshima survivor
Japanese Surrender
• August 15, 1945 V-J Day“The United States has begun to employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent lives.” – Emperor Hirohito to Japanese people
• Sept. 15th, signing of surrender aboard the U.S.S. Missouri
Rebuilding
• U.S. aid workers & soldiers went to help rebuild afterwards
• Peace Memorial Park• Hibakusha – survivors faced discrimination due to
disfigured • Hiroshima Maidens – 25 Hiroshima survivors were
brought to NYC to have 127 operations to help improve the disfigurement
“Because of my disfigured face, people often threw stones at me and mocked me, saying, ‘A monster is coming!” – Yamaoka Michiko
Resources
Books:• Hiroshima by Stewart
Ross• The Manhattan Project
by Dan Elish• Why did Hiroshima
Happen? by R.G. Grant
HBO Documentary:White Light, Black Rain
Websites:www.city.nagasaki.lg.jp/peace/english/kids/higai.htmlwww.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/ww2_atomic_bomb.php
http://atomicbombmuseum.org