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Transcript of Hippy Movement of 60s - Did Cultural Revolution Take Place
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Student No.: 72198, Michael Krol
The Hippy Movement:
Did Cultural Revolution take place?
Student name: Michael Krol
Student number: 72198
Course: BMus in Commercial Music Performance
Level: 5
Date: 07/06/2013
Lecturer: Richard Lightman
Word count: 3,181
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The focus of the current study is the hippie movement started in the sixties. The
sixties are still celebrated and discussed, but for most only the highlights are
remembered: the drugs, the War in Vietnam, and this colourful bright image of long-
haired young people, called hippies. Our addiction to categorization and poor memory
gives birth to stereotypes. Popular TV shows typically boost those stereotypes even
more to make us laugh harder and think less. South park is a classical case: in the
Episode Die Hippie Die hippies are pictured as a sort of social parasitic disease, group
of passive young junkies who do nothing, but rapidly replicate themselves and mumble
some nonsense about corporations trying to use you to take you down (T. Parker, M.
Stone, 2005). This is a good example of a simplified description of the movement,
possibly representing a majority opinion. The goal of the current work, however, is to
avoid such simplifications, and to study the movement in depth in order to estimate its
impact on Western society. The main question to answer is did or did not the so called
Cultural Revolution of the sixties ever take place. To answer this question, well
examine the key facts about the movement in three countries: USA, UK and USSR.
Next, the major opinions on hippies will be studied. Finally the facts and the opinions
will be analysed in order to reach the conclusion on the subject.
The Hippie Movement in USA
The Seeds of the 60s documentary (1991) clearly depicts the historic background
of the sixties: the widening generation gap, the War in Vietnam, and frustration with the
establishment - all that resulted in various forms of youth rebellion: the anti-war
movement, the Women s Liberation movement and the hippie movement, it all happened during
the decade. While the anti-war and the Womens movements organized protest actions, boycotts
and demonstrations, the hippies did something completely different: they simply decided to retreat:,
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drop out of society. They typically lived in large communes, the most famous of them in San
Francisco, Haight Ashbury district, others preferred to travel East:
Their [hippies] main colony has grown up in a low-rent district of San-Francisco which is
called Haight Ashbury The place has become a Mecca for young people all over the nation, to
come and search for something new and significant for themselves. (The Hippie Temptation,
1967)
The immigration departments of Europe record a constant level over the past few years of
something like ten thousand dishevelled flower children (mostly American, British, German, and
Scandinavian) migrating to the Near East and India - usually toward Katmandu (where drugs are
cheap and legal) and a deal of hard knocks along the way. (Roszak, 1969, p.33)
Sometimes there is a tendency to mix all the protest movements together calling them a 60s
counterculture, and so it might seem that there was a connection between the movements, which
was not true for most part::
To understand the effect Jerry Rubin and others like him had in America, you have to see them
for what they were they were people who had most Americans convinced that hippies and
political activists marched hand in hand. But for the most part they never did.
(Making Sense of the Sixties,1991)
The nature of the movement
Most of the hippies were young people, mostly from middle-class:
Most of these people are young, most of them come from middle class homes, on the average
they are well-educated, or could be if they wanted to.
The kids of Haight Ashbury are not poverty stricken: many of them have gone to school, come
from good homes, and for some reason they run away from home and go to Haight Ashbury.
(The Hippie Temptation, 1967)
Hippie lifestyle can be expressed in a famous formula: Sex, Drugs & Rock N Roll: their rebellion
was global: inside their own microcosms they broke all the boundaries of the conservative society:
gaining sexual freedom and liberation (the famous hippie concept of Free Love), experimenting,
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trying to discover themselves through drugs, philosophy and Eastern religions, listening to music
(typically Rock).
Music was particularly important: it was something that they had in common, something
that projected their state of mind and their ideals, like a secret knowledge they could not share with
the older generation:
I think for people my age back then radio was the great secret, common ground, it was the way we
communicated with one another and it was where all of our prophets and leaders were - it was where Bob
Dylan and the Beatles and The Supremes and Aretha Franklin were, and they were all singin quite revolutionary
messages. (Davis and Talbot, 2005)
Drugs were another key element of the movement. According to Theodore Rozsak, for
hippies the drugs was not an entertainment but a gateway to become a better person:
The fascination with drugs was not fun and games in the sixties, for many people it was a way to
see reality differently and hopefully therefore to change your values. (Roszak, 1969)
Hippies seriously believed that the World would be better is everybody would take drugs. Here is a
short interview with members of Grateful Dead band, who actually lived in Haight Ashbury:
- Yes, I would say that its a large part of the framework,
- Most of the people who are hippies now came to this through drugs.
- Yeah, but its not a dope movement, were not trying to spread dope.
- I think personally that the more people turn on, the better World is going to be
- We were talking before about a way of being, and one of the ways of achieving
that being is through drugs, expanding your consciousness, changing yourself
- And most of use have given up, with psychedelic drugs anyway temporarily.
(The Hippie Temptation, 1967)
But the most relevant feature for our discussion is the hippie idealistic belief that they were
about to reform the existing society into a Love-Peace paradise:
Hippies preach altruism and mysticism, honesty, joy and non-violence Their professed aim is
nothing less than the subversion of Western society by "flower power" and force of example.
(The Hippies: Philosophy of a subculture, 1967)
Many of the residents of Haight Ashbury were seriously trying to construct an alternative society.
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One with alternative press, with alternative business and enterprise, with alternative religions, and
perhaps most important of all, the people of the Haight World were committed to new kinds of
social welfare. (Making Sense of the Sixties,1991)
The Peak And the End
The movement became massive by the end of the decade. Many believe Woodstock
Festival in 1969 was the most successful moment, a culmination, a triumph of Love-Peace ideal
(The 1960s Hippie Counter Culture Movement, 2012). Unfortunately the movement lost its
popularity in the early seventies due to hippie public image heavily damaged by Altamont festival
and Charles Manson accusation:
By 1970, the hippie movement began to wane. The events at the Altamont Free concert
shocked
many people including some who had supported the hippie movement. Several hippie
mega-stars,
including Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison, overdosed on drugs. The Charles
Manson
murders also contributed to the public hatred of the hippies. Soon, hippies were being
physically
attacked on the streets by skinheads, punks, athletes, greasers, and members of other
youth
subcultures. (The 1960s Hippie Counter Culture Movement, 2012)
Nevertheless, the hippie movement didnt die there are neo-hippies who are very
similar to the original sixties hippies:
Neo-hippies, some of whom are sons, daughters and grandchildren of the original hippies,
advocate many of the same beliefs of their 1960s counterparts. Drug use is just as accepted as in
the "original" hippie days, although most neo-hippies do not consider it necessary to take drugs in
order to be part of the lifestyle, and others reject drug use in favor of alternative methods of
reaching higher or altered consciousness such as drumming circles, community singing,
meditation, dietary practices, and yoga and dance. (This History of Hippies, no date)
The idea of living in commune is alive as well: according to International Communities website,
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There are 1636 communes in USA, though most of them are not classic hippie
communes:
These communal groups below range from small to large, urban to rural, and christian monastery
to secular anarchist collective. They are found throughout the United States and around the
world. Most do not resemble the sterotypical 'hippie commune' but a few hippie communes from
the sixties are still around.
United Kingdom
At the first glance the hippie movement in UK was very similar to the original US
movement: the slogans, the look, and behaviour were the same. But according to Dominic
Sandbrook, the UK hippies should be seen not as drop-outs, but more as a US fashion
craze:
Hippies are often described simply as drop-outs, but this is not quite right. Most people who
looked and acted like hippies, wearing hippie clothing and using hippy slang, continued to hold
down regular jobs.
It was a label adopted by young people for leisure purposes, denoting a certain style of
dress, vocabulary and behaviour at evenings and weekends. (Sandbrook, 2007, p.441)
One of the famous accusations against UK hippies is that it actually only inspired a new form of
consumerism instead of bringing in the new free society:
It became a form of consumerism: at Gandalfs Garden, a Kings Road boutique named after the wizard in The
Lord Of the Rings, shoppers could pick up a handmade pottery, clothes and leather goods, as well as health
foods and books about drugs and mysticism. (Sandbrook, 2007, p. 442)
Pop music, the core symbol of Swinging Britain was big business: the shops, not the barricades were the real
counterculture. (Why I Hate The 60s: the decade, 2004)
Britain also had its own Woodstock: the Isle Of Wight Festival in 1970. It can be said that
the hippies suffered an ideological defeat, because the Isle Of Wight Festival runs every summer
since 1970 and it is far from being free.
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The ideal lives on - Free Festivals and New Age Travellers
The hippie idea didnt die in 1969-70: it gave birth to New Age Travellers
movement, whose vision of an alternative society was actually directly inherited from the
hippies and beatniks:
Initially one of their main influences was the Beat Generation, whose members rejected
consumerism and celebrated personal freedom Their legacy was much larger Hippie
Generation, many of whom headed East in search for enlightenment and alternative lifestyles.
(New Age Travellers documentary,1992)
The Travellers brought an idea of Free Festival, famous events include Windsor
Free Festival in 1972-74, Stonehenge Free Festival (1972-84). From the list on UK
Rock Festivals website it becomes clear that free festivals became a long lasting
tradition, although the festivals were not as massive as Isle of Wight:
(The festival site in 1984 , a working exercise in collective anarchy.... Herb, 1984)
The Travellers movement survived despite various actions of British Establishment that issued
various legislations against them (New Age Travellers,1992).
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USSR
The coming of The Beatles
In his documentary Blame The Beatles in all (2004) Max Kapitanovsky claims
that the main catalyst for the Soviet hippie movement to appear was the music of The
Beatles. The hippies testify:
If were to recall the things that were the substance of our lives - its not the bell-bottoms, not the
jeans, and not the hair. As we didnt believe in God then, Rock-N-Roll was our religion and The
Beatles were, of course, at the top of it. (Kapitanovsky, 2004)
If someone wonders who is to blame in what happened June the 1 st 1971 on Psychodrome, I
think that its The Beatles are to blame. (Kapitanovsky, 2004)
The Iron Curtain made the impact of Rock-N-Roll and The Beatles only harder:
If a poet in Russia is more than just a poet, then The Beatles were surely more than just The
Beatles. Because any youngster living in any country including ideologically friendly Poland, felt
he lives on the same planet with The Beatles, breathes the same air and potentially can meet
them the theoretical possibility to come to their concert or buy a new album in a shop made
them reachable and so not as magical. China, North Korea, and our motherland were an
exception. We lived on another planet. And we knew very well whats the meaning of the word
never (A. Makarevich, 2002, p.42)
With all the constant bans and almost the total absence of information there was a unique
situation when there was a multimillion army of Beatles fans who never saw their idols neither live
or on a screen. (Kapitanovsky, 2004)
The impact was substantial: youngsters started to build guitars, organize themselves
into rock bands, grew their hair long, and in some cases became hippies.
The Soviet hippie movement
According to Sopova (2012), the movement appeared in late sixties; it was not as
massive as in America, but it was big and existed mostly in large cities. Their trappings,
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behaviour and music preferences were very similar to American hippies, but there are
no sources mentioning massive drug usage - cheap wine and music seemed to be good
enough: Trofimov quotes ex-hippie Alexander Zaborovsky in his blog:
By the way, there was nothing anti-social in our meet-ups. We even didnt drink often. The main
thing was socializing: talks about music, about The Beatles, about Morrison. Someone played
guitar Few people smoked weed but there were not many of them. (Trofimov, 2012)
Armen Grigorian, lead singer of a Moscow rock band Krematorii explains:
music for us was connected to a certain way of life, it was the same thing. What we
knew about hippies there [in America] it was mostly the pictures of the musicians, the music that
we listened on tape recorders, and no video at all. And thats why there was a complex illusion
[of knowledge] created, meaning we simply imagined many things, how it should have been.
(Sopova, 2012)
Illusion or not the resulting hippie ideology was similar as well: there was the
same will of abandon the norms of a surrounding conformist society, and try to gain
personal freedom, the freedom of expression. Unlike US and UK, hippies in USSR
could come from any social class:
It could be an ordinary Moscow school boy, or a cousin of some diplomat or Party member, or a
bohemian person. He could be from any background, something came into his soul, and he
raised and went. (Not Just About Hippies, 2004)
Due to the strictness of the Soviet regime, an open manifestation would be unthinkable:
instead they organized regular happenings in pre-conditioned places: Russian hippie
artist Sergey Solmi explains:
It was very comfortable there was no Internet, people would come to see each other, tell each
other the locations of upcoming concerts or underground exhibitions. (Hippies in USSR, 2012)
Another common activity was secret gigs of local rock bands, which often was disrupted
by militia if the gig was discovered.
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USSR strikes back
Soviet establishment didnt appreciate the fact that some youngsters
gathering together in large numbers for some non-Soviet activity. Propaganda films
and sanctions against the long hair took place but were not effective.
The most famous anti-hippie action was the historic provocation of Anti-war
Demonstration in June 1971 in Moscow - about 600 hippies who turned up for the
demonstration were loaded into buses and taken to militia stations for questioning: after
that many had a criminal record, some hippies lost their jobs, many students were
expelled out of universities and sent to the Army, some ended up in Psychiatric
hospitals or even in jail, two people committed suicide. (Kapitanovsky, 2004; Nesterov,
2011; Trofimov, 2012). The movement sustained a hard blow but survived. Samarsky
(2009) explains that hippies became less massive towards the eighties, and lost their
uniqueness, became other subcultures had appeared.
So was there a Cultural Revolution?
There is still a lot of debates about the hippie movement up to this day. The opinions can
be divided into two major categories. The first one is the cynics who typically describe the sixties
as a decade of decay and chaos rather than enlightenment and progress, and if there were some
changes - the hippies took a very insignificant part in it, if at all. Another side is represented by the
romantics, those who believe that the movement had directly caused the Cultural Revolution
occurred in the sixties. Lets examine both opinions in detail and try to understand whose point is
closer to objective reality.
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Hippies The Story of Failure
The sceptical point of view about the hippies is typically represented in the following
statements:
1) The decade that followed after the sixties was the very opposite of hippie Utopian free
society, hence their dream never materialized: for example, according to McKay (1996, p.
13): the movement was replaced by capitalism:
but what has the 1960s counterculture resulted in and been replaced by? In America, by
deadhead capitalism, a child of the time who touched a joint but fortunately didnt inhale, by
the moral majority and by the backlash movement against feminism, welfare, political
correctness in Britain, the sixties were followed by the destruction of the unions, seemingly
endless years of Thatcherism voted in again and again by the English
As for Russia, Samarsky (2009) claims that hippies became totally irrelevant
since the nineties when USSR fell apart and Russia fell into a turmoil of business
and crime.
2) Group of drugged and clueless youngsters could not possibly change a thing: they didnt
have a clear program, and even if they had it it would be impossible to carry out without a
leader and some kind of hierarchic structure. Also to change a society, they would be
expected to actively participate in it instead of running from it. Raszak did try to take the
hippies seriously but remained sceptical about possible success of their campaign:
It is not ideal, it is probably not even good that the young should bear so great
responsibility for inventing or initiating for their society as a whole. It is too big a job for
them to do successfully. It is indeed tragic that in a crisis that demands the tact and
wisdom of maturity, everything that looks most hopeful in our culture should be building
from scratch as must be the case when the builders are absolute beginners.
(Raszak, 1969, p.26)
The story of Haight Ashbury presented in various documentaries is a good example of a
small alternative sub-society which didnt survive for long and finally collapsed (Hippies,
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2007): it simply was not mature enough: it didnt have the complex social mechanisms that
that the surrounding normal society had developed after hundreds of years of social
evolution. Later there was another attempt to build an alternative society in the country.
This also partially failed due to structural inadequacy, as Riley (2012) calls it people
that simply were not used to live in communes. Hippie communes that survived
were more an exception than a rule.
3) The very idea of replacing the bourgeois society by something else was wrong
and unachievable in first place:
but it is to recognize that their [protesters] ultimate objectives were based on a
fundamental fallacy. There was never any possibility of a revolution; there was never any
possibility of a `counter-culture' replacing `bourgeois' culture. Modern society is highly
complex with respect to the distribution of power, authority, and influence. Just as it
was notformed by the simple overthrow of the aristocracy by the bourgeoisie, so, in its
contemporary form, it does not consist simply of a bourgeois ruling class and a
proletariat. (Marwick 1998, p.10)
We have to admit we dont live in a hippie dream: wars have not stopped, the
bourgeois society seems to remain intact: we still go to work, watch
commercials, and run after money. We also havent all turned on, tuned in,
and dropped out.
4) Cultural Revolution, Swinging Sixties, and Love Generation no more than a myth
cultivated by mass-media. Indeed, one must remember that even in USA the movement
always was a minority, for example, the hippie agenda remained irrelevant for most black
Americans, who had their own fights in the sixties. We should not be confused with
documentaries and certain books that show all the protest movements of the sixties as one
thing named counterculture. The modern viewer sees many people protesting, taking
LSD and dancing on the streets, and can start generalizing assuming that almost the
whole generation went crazy, which is simply not true because these are the exceptions
or extreme cases that show, not the overlooked boring majority. For example, according
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to BBC myth slayer documentary Why I hate The 60s (2004), in UK only a small part of
Central London was swinging, everything else remained the same.
According to this thesis, the sixties were the time when young people, especially the
hippies, were living in a sweet illusion that big changes are just around the corner, that the new era
of Love and Peace is very close. Unfortunately the sixties dreamers had to wake and face the
cruelty of the seventies.
Hippies The Story of Success
Now lets consider another opinion the hippies succeeded in their project. The effect of
the movement should not be seen as total conversion of the conventional society into a hippie
commune, but rather as gradual transformation of values of the society. Indeed, the outcomes of
Cultural Revolution are easy to observe if we compare the conformist values of the fifties to values
of modern days: today we (the West) enjoy much more freedom: freedom to choose a way of life,
freedom of personal expression, sexual life, political opinion etc, we are less racist and more
tolerant. Romantics, as I called them, argue that hippies are those who caused all these changes,
so their idea about a free society was successful to a certain degree. Sieghart, for example, makes
quite a far going statement:
According to YouGov poll for Readers Digest, we are all hippies now. And its not just the maxi dresses flooding
out of Topshop or the instant sell-out of Glastonbury tickets. The values of peace, love, greenery, independence
of mind and sexual freedom are no longer alternative but mainstream. (Sieghart, 2007)
The History Channel documentary Hippies (2007) gives the movement credit for such inventions
as personal computer and the Whole Earth Catalog, and also suggests that the recent Green
movement is a direct implementation of hippie views into modern reality.
One must also mention huge music festivals of the sixties, which could not take place without the
hippies, for they gave birth to Stadium Rock and modern open air festivals, and also gave birth to
so-called Youth Culture.
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All the influences mentioned above are so massive and important, so it wouldnt
be a stretch to called it a Cultural Revolution.
Analysis, Part One. Hippies Are To Be Taken Seriously
Now, after we have learned the history and the nature of hippie movement in
three given countries and main opinions on the subject, we can analyse the facts and
try to understand whose point is more valid.
We saw that all the three movements were massive, unique and draw much attention of
mass-media. They were similar in looks, behaviour and the core idea of trying to live an alternative
lifestyle. They all started in the sixties, they all met a negative response by the local establishment
that tried to mock it, criticise it or even shut it down by force (1971 provocation in USSR).
They all gradually lost their popularity giving way to new subcultures like Punks.
Cynics depict hippies as clueless drug addicts: indeed, the US hippies openly
admitted that the trip is the doorway to freedom, and drugs were one of the causes for the crash of
the US movement (Davis and Talbot, 2005). It can be assumed that some part of the movement
were drugged youngsters who had nothing to do with revolutions or building a new society. But
one should not forget that there was a lot of activity inside the movement: someone built the
alternative society in Haight Ashbury with alternative press, Diggers, music, art exhibitions:
By the autumn of 1966 Haight Ashbury was a semi-autonomous psychedelic city
state with its own lifestyle, culture, newspaper, even its own free public services.
(The Hippies documentary, )
Cynics also accuse the hippies in passive, apolitical behaviour stating that little
can be achieved this way. But lets compare the conventional political way of political
debates and votes which rarely result in substantial evolutional changes (because
modern democracies imply that large majority of voices needed for a serious change to
pass) to a hippie way which meant - simply skippingall the political procedures and
imposing the changes on themselves, and hoping that more and more people will follow
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them. The unusual look and a celebration-like lifestyle served as an effective
advertising campaign, which in fact was working effectively until Manson and Altamont
killed it. Simplest prove to it is the media of sixties: Raszaks book (1967) and even the
sceptical Hippie Temptation film (1967) both treat the movement quite seriously and
explain their position in details.
Thus we have proved that hippies were too massive to be disregarded and productive and
conceptual enough to be taken seriously - the South Park stereotype of hippies is invalid.
Analysis, Part Two. The Possibility of Cultural Revolution
The answer to the main question about the Cultural Revolution heavily depends on our
definition of the Hippie Goal. The author tends to believe that the Goal of lets all get high, reach
enlightenment, and live forever in a perfect world with no wars, jobs and money should not even
be discussed seriously, for this is an utopia by definition. The more practical approach would be to
view Cultural Revolution as a gradual shiftof cultural values within an existing society: we should
try to recognize and examine the changes brought by the hippies and answer two basic questions:
1) Can we prove that those changes were brought directly by the hippies?
2) Are those changes substantial enough to call it a revolution?
Lets consider the more optimistic point of view of the Romantics, who claim the
Modern World is full with hippie spirit and values. Indeed, there are modern
organizations like Green Peace, Feminists, or human rights movements, who focus on
personal freedom. Many of popular modern technologies, products and websites (such
as LINUX, Wikipedia, Couch surfing) are based on hippie-like idea of open-source
such technologies created non-commercially by virtual commune of programmers.
Although (Sieghart, 2007) and Hippies (2007) present all those achievements as a
triumph of hippie ideals, in some cases it might be hard to prove a direct connection to
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the hippies. As to multiple cultural changes that happened we also cannot clearly
prove that hippies alone are responsible for them: they were only one part of the
broader phenomenon called sixties counterculture.
Probably the only serious hippie achievement which is easy to prove is their
direct influence on mainstream specifically fashion and music industry. Indeed,
Woodstock and Monterey made music businessmen to understand that youth can be
considered as a separate strong market. The huge music festivals, which would be
impossible without the hippies, gave many artists a nation-wide exposure the
importance of Jimi Hendrix for Rock music is indisputable. As to the fashion: many
mega-artists including The DOORS, The Beatles, and The Who were not hippies
themselves but adopted hippies looks, which arguably had a certain psychological effect
on their World-wide audiences who watch their concerts until present.
Another thing to mention is the media myth brought up by the cynics. Strangely enough,
the myth of happy idealistic 60s with dancing hippies in the centre only gives hippies a good
promotion: many people remember only Woodstock and know less about Altamont or Charles
Manson which makes hippies to look more successful than in early seventies. As a result, people
watch sixties documentary and feel strange nostalgia for the good old times. All this may have
resulted in modern New Age hippie-like activities like Couch surfing, meditation, and mysticism,
typically without any drugs involved.
Conclusion
The hippie movement is much discussed topic which arises arguments and
controversies. The two basic opinions considered have their valid sides: they were
young, they were many and they wanted an immediate changes. They had a clear, but
unachievable goal of free society that never became reality. Although we are definitely
not living in a Hippie Utopia, we are also not living in the Puritan fifties anymore as well,
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though it is virtually impossible to prove that hippies were the only reason for that. The
mass-media myth suggests we owe hippies our gratitude for the free World as we know
it today, but nobody can tell what the World would be without Woodstock and Monterey.
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References:
D. Davis, S. Talbot, The Sixties - The Years That Shaped a Generation (2005), [Streamed]Available at:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUc2eLe-ruILast accessed: 11th April 2013
M. Kapitanovsky, (2004), Blame The Beatles in all,Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUxhVTNPdn0, Last accessed: 15th May2013
A. Makarevich, (2002), Sheep Himself, Zakharov Publishing, Moscow
A. Marwick (1998)The Sixties. Cultural Revolution in Britain France Italy and the UnitedStates, c.1958-c.1974, Oxford University Press
G. McKay (1996) Senseless Acts of Beauty, Verso, London
O. Nesterov, On The Wave of My Memory, 2011. [TV programme], Vremya, November2011. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYU_W30HU68 Lastaccessed: 16th May 2013
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http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article2612774.ece Lastaccessed: 26th May 2013
18
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUc2eLe-ruIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUxhVTNPdn0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYU_W30HU68http://www.watchsouthparkonline.net/season-9/episode-2-die-hippie-die/http://www.nottinghamcontemporary.org/event/james-rileyhttp://www.nottinghamcontemporary.org/event/james-rileyhttp://propaganda-journal.net/981.htmlhttp://propaganda-journal.net/981.htmlhttp://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article2612774.ecehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUc2eLe-ruIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUxhVTNPdn0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYU_W30HU68http://www.watchsouthparkonline.net/season-9/episode-2-die-hippie-die/http://www.nottinghamcontemporary.org/event/james-rileyhttp://propaganda-journal.net/981.htmlhttp://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article2612774.ece -
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19/23
Student No.: 72198, Michael Krol
E. Sopova, (2012) Come With Me To Love Street, [Streamed], Humanities Institute ofTV & Radio Broadcasting, Moscow, Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHcN7DaTh9QLast accessed: 16th May 2013
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The festival site in 1984 , a working exercise in collective anarchy.... Herb, 1984[Online image] Available at:https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0406/5ac658738561a/5ac6587f020b2.jpg(Accessed: 15th May 2013)
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(2004) Not Just About Hippies, [Streamed], Available at:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BI41g7qWPfcLast accessed: 17th May 2013
(1991) Seeds of the 60s, PBSAvailable at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0PyiwKRHvQLast accessed: 20th April 2013
(2012) The 1960s Hippie Counter Culture Movement in Mortal JourneyAvailable at: http://www.mortaljourney.com/2011/03/1960-trends/hippie-counter-culture-movement, Last accessed: 2nd May 2013
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20/23
Student No.: 72198, Michael Krol
(no date) This History of Hippies in Happy Hippie.Available at: http://www.happyhippie.com/hippie-history.htmlLast accessed: 5th May 2013
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Student No.: 72198, Michael Krol
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