Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Transcript of Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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uuu+eco`lct}wmagtnowpklc+doh
]FGECO@LC T]WMAGTNOWPKLC
Yocwhg 0# Kwh`gp 4
Faz(Foz Fq`pama}q iop l Ecodlca~gm Uopcm> Lipadlklkm Hwtcah Maltzopad Matdowptgt ak Ipgkdf Plz
Hwtad
Mlyam Mpattgc
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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]FG ECO@LC T]WMAGT NOWPKLCf}}z>//uuu+eco`lct}wmagtnowpklc+doh/
Iapt} zw`catfgm ak 0::1 ak Dflhzlaek# Accakoat# WTL `q Dohhok Epowkm Zw`catfake CCDuuu+DohhokEpowkmZw`catfake+doh+
0::1 &akmayamwlc zlzgpt!# }fg lw}fop&t! 0::1 &tgcgd}aok lkm gma}opalc hl}}gp! Dohhok Epowkm
Lw}fopt lpg pgtzokta`cg iop }fg lddwpldq oi da}l}aokt# |wo}l}aokt# maleplht# }l`cgt lkmhlzt+
Lcc paef}t pgtgpygm+ Lzlp} ipoh ilap wtg iop }fg zwpzotgt oi t}wmq# pgtglpdf# dpa}adath oppgyagu lt zgpha}}gm wkmgp }fg Dozqpaef} Ld} &Lwt}plcal!# ko zlp} oi }fat uopb hlq `gpgzpomwdgm ua}fow} upa}}gk zgphattaok ipoh }fg zw`catfgp+ Iop zgphattaokt lkm o}fgpak|wapagt# zcgltg dok}ld}3de(twzzop}Jdohhokepowkmzw`catfake+doh;+
ATTK> f}}z>//uuu+eco`lct}wmagt(nowpklc+doh/
]FG ECO@LC T]WMAGT NOWPKLC at zggp(pgyagugm# twzzop}gm `q paeopowt zpodgttgtoi dpa}gpaok(pgigpgkdgm lp}adcg plkbake lkm |wlca}l}ayg dohhgk}lpq# gktwpake }fl} okcqak}gccgd}wlc uopb oi }fg epgl}gt} tw`t}lkdg lkm faefgt} taekaiadlkdg at zw`catfgm+
]qzgtg} ak Dohhok Epowkm Hlpbwz Clkewleg wtake DEDpgl}op hwc}adflkkgc}qzgtg}}ake tqt}ghf}}z>//uuu+dohhokepowkmzw`catfake+doh/toi}ulpg/
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Faz(Foz Fq`pama}q iop l Ecodlca~gm Uopcm> Lipadlk lkm
Hwtcah Maltzopad Matdowptgt ak Ipgkdf Plz Hwtad
Mlyam Mpattgc# Aoul Dgk}plc Dohhwka}q Doccgeg# AL# WTL
L`t}pld}> Ufgk a} dohgt }o faz(foz# Iplkdg at zlp}adwclpcq ko}guop}fq takdg a} flt }fg tgdokm clpegt}
hlpbg} iop plz hwtad zpomwd}aok lkm doktwhz}aok ak }fg uopcm# ioccouake }fg W+T+ ]fat zlzgp zpozotgt
}fl} }fg matdowptg oi Ipgkdf plz hwtad `o}f pggd}t lkm akwgkdgt }fg dokt}pwd}aok oi fq`pama~gm
`cldb(akgd}gm amgk}a}agt# zlp}adwclpcq lhoke hakopa}q qow}f cayake ak maltzopl2 a+g+# zfqtadlccq tgzlpl}gm
lkm uamgcq matzgptgm ipoh }fgap lkdgt}plc fohgclkmt ok l zgphlkgk} op tgha(zgphlkgk} ltat+ Ak }fat
pgelpm# maltzopad Ipgkdf faz(fozzgpt lpg akyocygm ak l dohzcgv zpodgtt oi pgdokewpake lkm tqk}fgt(
a~ake pgcgylk} amaoht lkm ygpkldwclpt iowkm ko} okcq ak eco`lc faz(foz lkm }fgap kl}ayg dwc}wpg# `w}
lcto ak }fgap fot} dowk}pq oi Iplkdg+ Mpluake ok iplhake }fgopq# }fat zlzgp akygt}ael}gt `o}f Ipgkdf(
Lipadlk lkm Ipgkdf(Hwtcah iplhgt lkm pgcl}gm lk}a(pldat} zgptzgd}aygt lp}adwcl}gm ak Ipgkdf plz
hwtad# ufadf flyg `ggk todalccq lkm doeka}aygcq opelka~gm ak}o maltzopad matdowptgt+ Pgtglpdf |wgt}aoktlmmpgttgm akdcwmg }fg ioccouake> Fou flyg eco`lc out oi zgozcg# amglt# lkm lp}aild}t# ahzld}gm faz(
fozt opaeakt lkm hg}lhopzfotat ak Iplkdg? Ak ufl} ulqt flyg }fg Lipadlk lkm Hwtcah maltzoplt
akwgkdgm Ipgkdf faz(foz? Ufl} todalc lkm mghoeplzfad ild}opt flyg gkdowplegm maltzopad qow}f
}o lmoz} `cldb(akgd}gm amgk}a}agt }agm }o faz(foz? ]fat zlzgp lklcq~gt l uamg ylpag}q oi towpdgt# ak(
dcwmake }fg cqpadlc dok}gk} oi tgcgd}gm plz toket pgdopmgm `q Kop}f lkm Ugt} Lipadlk Hwtcaht# cayake
ak Iplkdg+
Bgquopmt> Faz(Foz# Plz Hwtad# Lipadlk Maltzopl# Kgu Lipadlk Maltzopl# Hwtcah Maltzopl# Maltzopad
Qow}f# Qow}f Tw`dwc}wpgt# Eco lca~l}aok# Ecodlca~l}aok# @lkcagwgt# Fq`pama~l}aok# Lipadlk Lhgpadlkt#
Ipgkdf Kop}f Lipadlkt# Dooc Atclh# @cldbkgtt# Iplkdo(Hlefpg`a# Pgdokewpl}aok# Pla
Ak}pomwd}aok
FAZ(FOZ ATOI]GK mgzad}gm lt }fg uopcmt cglmake zoz(dwc}wpg zfgkohgkok lkm
at lpewl`cq }fg `gt}(bkouk hwtadlc egkpg }o opaeakl}g ak }fg Wka}gm T}l}gt takdg
podb lkm pocc+ Lt l eco`lc qow}f tw`dwc}wpg< }fl} akdcwmgt plz hwtad# wp`lk epli}a#
lkm `pglbmlkdake# faz(foz at ipg|wgk}cq l caef}kake pom iop dok}poygptq+ Ak }fat pg(
elpm# faz(foz at ga}fgp zplatgm op zlkkgm# mgzgkmake ok }fg todaozoca}adlc ylk}leg zoak} oi
}fg o`tgpygp+ Ufacg hlkq zgozcg dflpld}gpa~g faz(foz ak zota}ayg }gpht lt l zo}gk}alccq ca`(
gpl}ake lkm ghzougpake iopdg iop ozzpgttgm hakopa}agt lkm zoop zgozcg lpowkm }fg uopcm20
o}fgpt mgzad} }fg tw`dwc}wpg ak faefcq kgel}ayg }gpht# dok}gkmake }fl} }fg pgzw}gmcq elke(
< Qow}f tw dwc}wpgt dlk `g mgkgm lt epowzt oi }ggklegpt lkm qowke lmwc}t tflpake dgp}lak dohhok dwc}wplc igl}wpgt#
qg} lzzglpake }o flyg ylcwgt# kopht# pocgt# lkm l}}a}wmgt }fl} maiigp tw`t}lk}alccq ipoh }fg clpegp dwc}wpg &Nofkt}ok
lkm Tkou =5=!+0 Iop akt}lkdg# Lccgk &//uuu+eco`lct}wmagtnowpklc+doh/# ATTK de(twzzop}Jdohhokepowkmzw`catfake+doh
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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aktzapgm plz hwtad oi faz(foz }gkmt }o ecopaiq klpdattath# fgmokath# ak}ocgplkdg# hatoeqkq#
lkm yaocgkdg+4
Aka}alccq pggd}ake }fg zgpyltayg iglpt# dokdgpkt# lkm hw}gm ltzapl}aokt oi Lipadlk(Lhgp(
adlk lkm Fatzlkad efg}}o qow}f ak Kgu Qopb Da}qt Tow}f @pokv oi }fg
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Ok lygpleg# Ipgkdf faz(foz pgdopmt dohzpatg }gk zgpdgk} oi }fg hwtad zpomwd}aok ak Iplkdg
lkm okg |wlp}gp oi }fg }oz okg fwkmpgm pgdopmt zclqgm `q codlc plmao t}l}aokt &Tdfulp}~
74!+ Taekadlk}cq# }fg ylt} hlnopa}q oi Ipgkdf faz(foz lp}at}t lpg tgdokm( lkm
}fapm(egkgpl}aok dfacmpgk oi Kop}f Lipadlk lkm Ugt} Lipadlk ahhaeplk}t }fl} lpg zpgmohak(
lk}cq Hwtcah+ Ak zlp}adwclp# g}fkad Lpl`t ua}f lkdgt}plc }agt }o Lcegpal# Hopoddo# lkm o}fgp
Kop}f Lipadlk dowk}pagt lpg taekadlk}cq pgzpgtgk}gm ak }fg Ipgkdf faz(foz akmwt}pq lkm pg(
cl}gm tw`dwc}wpg &Zpyot 0::==!+
Ak clpeg hgltwpg `gdlwtg oi faz(fozt fat}opad dokkgd}aok }o Lipadlk(Lhgpadlk dwc}wpg
lkm }plma}aokt# Ipgkdf plz hwtadalkt lkm }fgap ilkt flyg `ggk gvzotgm yadlpaowtcq }o `cldb
dokdgpkt# lpeo}# ylcwgt# lkm tqh`oct+ ]fat zlzgp zpozotgt }fl} }fg matdowptg oi Ipgkdf plz
hwtad `o}f pggd}t lkm akwgkdgt }fg dokt}pwd}aok oi fq`pama~gm `cldb(akgd}gm amgk}a}agt#
zlp}adwclpcq lhoke hakopa}q qow}f cayake ak maltzopl2 a+g+# zfqtadlccq tgzlpl}gm lkm uamgcq
matzgptgm ipoh }fgap lkdgt}plc fohgclkmt ok l zgphlkgk} op tgha(zgphlkgk} `ltat+ Twdf
maltzoplt lpg ko} hgpgcq mgtdpaz}ayg lkm fat}opadlc# `w} lcto mapgd}cq akwgk}alc ak }fg zpgtgk}(gpl2 gkl`cake uamgcq matzgptgm zgozcg }o gkyataok }fghtgcygt lt l dohhwka}q &Dopkugcc
lkm T}ommlpm 0::5!+ ]fat zlzgp zot}wcl}gt }fl} maltzopad Ipgkdf faz(fozzgpt lpg akyocygm
ak l dohzcgv zpodgtt oi pgdokewpake lkm tqk}fgta~ake pgcgylk} amaoht lkm ygpkldwclpt
iowkm ko} okcq ak eco`lc faz(foz lkm }fgap kl}ayg dwc}wpg# `w} lcto ak }fgap fot} dowk}pq
oi Iplkdg+
Pgtglpdf |wgt}aokt lmmpgttgm ak }fat zlzgp akdcwmg }fg ioccouake> Fou flyg eco`lc out
oi zgozcg# amglt# lkm lp}aild}t# ahzld}gm faz(fozt opaeakt lkm hg}lhopzfotat ak Iplkdg? Ak
ufl} ulqt flyg }fg Lipadlk Maltzopl lkm pgcl}gm dokdgz}aokt oi `cldbkgtt akwgkdgm
Ipgkdf faz(foz? Ufl} todalc lkm mghoeplzfad ild}opt flyg gkdowplegm maltzopad qow}f }o
lmoz} `cldb(akgd}gm amgk}a}agt }agm }o faz(foz? Fou flyg }fg akdazagk} Hwtcah Maltzopl
lkm pgcl}gm zlk(Atclhad hoyghgk}t akwgkdgm Ipgkdf faz(foz lkm }fg dokt}pwd}aok oi doc(
cgd}ayg amgk}a}agt5 lhoke Ipgkdf(Hwtcah qow}f ak zlp}adwclp?
Ak opmgp }o lmmpgtt twdf |wgt}aokt# A flyg lklcq~gm l uamg ylpag}q oi |wlca}l}ayg towpdgt#
akdcwmake zpgyaowtcq zw`catfgm ak}gpyagut ua}f faz(foz lp}at}t lkm }fg cqpadlc dok}gk} oi tg(
cgd}gm plz toket pgdopmgm `q Kop}f lkm Ugt} Lipadlk Hwtcaht# cayake ak Iplkdg+ Lt l mat}akd}
}qzg oi todao(dwc}wplc dohhwkadl}aok# plz hwtad cqpadt lkm pgcl}gm tqh`oct oi }fg faz(foz
tw`dwc}wpg dlk pgyglc }fg gvat}gkdg oi ylpaowt zgptoklc lkm doccgd}ayg amgk}a}agt# oi}gk ak l
t}l}g oi wv+
Mpluake ok iplhake }fgopq# A flyg akygt}ael}gm `o}f Ipgkdf(Lipadlk lkm Ipgkdf(Hwtcah
iplhgt6 lkm pgcl}gm lk}a(pldat} zgptzgd}aygt lp}adwcl}gm ak Ipgkdf plz hwtad# ufadf flyg `ggk
todalccq lkm doeka}aygcq opelka~gm ak}o maltzopad matdowptgt+ Ahzop}lk}cq# twdf iplhgt dok(}plmad} hlkq oi }fg mohaklk} todaozoca}adlc klppl}aygt ak Iplkdg+ Lddopmake }o Kgctok g} lc+
&Ipgkdf plz hwtad ld}ake lt l tw`dwc}wplc towpdg oi dowk}gp(fgeghokad akiophl}aok at
iplhgm }o pgtokl}g ua}f }fg todalc gvzgpagkdgt# ylcwgt# `gcagit# lkm dokdgpkt oi Ipgkdf
5@ltgm zpahlpacq ok }fg tflpgm gvzgpagkdgt oi gygpqmlq caig# doccgd}ayg amgk}a}q pgigpt }o lk akmayamwlct doeka}ayg#
hoplc# lkm gho}aoklc dokkgd}aok ua}f l `polmgp dohhwka}q# dl}geopq# zpld}adg# op akt}a}w}aok &Zoccg}}l lkm Nltzgp
0::067!+6 Mgkgm `q Eoiihlk &
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hakopa}q qow}f+ Zlplzfpltake Tkou lkm @gkiopm &
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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`pama}agt }fpowefow} }fg @cldb L}clk}ad+ Lt l pgtwc} oi dgk}wpagt oi tclygpq lkm docokalcath#
Lipadlkt flyg `ggk }plktzop}gm }o ylpaowt dowk}pagt ak }fg Lhgpadlt lkm Ugt}gpk Gwpozg#
`w} ak }fg zpodgtt oi lmlz}ake }o }fgap kgu todalc gkyapokhgk} mgygcozgm l mow`cg doktdaowt(
kgtt2 hglkake }fl} }fgq `gdlhg dwc}wplccq dokkgd}gm ko} okcq }o }fg kl}ayg dok}akgk} oi
}fgap lkdgt}opt# `w} lcto }o }fg lmoz}gm clkm oi }fgap `ap}f+ ]fwt# maltzopad Lipadlk amgk}a}agt
lpg mgt}l aca~ake lkm tw`ygp}ake }o hlkq oi }fg }plma}aoklc dokdgz}aokt oi zcldg lkm `gcokeake+
Lt Eacpoq &
]fg lttahacl}aok oi `cldbt at ko} l zpodgtt oi lddwc}wpl}aok `w} oi dwc}wplc tqkdpg}ath+
Lddopmakecq# }fgap tgci(mgka}aokt lkm dwc}wplc gvzpgttaokt mplu ok l zcwplca}q oi `cldb
fat}opagt lkm zoca}adtLk ak}padl}g ug` oi dwc}wplc lkm zoca}adlc dokkgd}aokt `akmt
`cldbt fgpg }o `cldbt gctgufgpg+ L} }fg tlhg }ahg# }fgq lpg cakbgm ak}o }fg todalc pgcl}aokt
oi }fat dowk}pq+ @o}f mahgktaokt flyg }o `g gvlhakgm lkm }fg dok}plmad}aokt lkm dok(
}akwa}agt ufadf gvat} `g}uggk }fgh hwt} `g `powef} ow} &4=:!+
Dokdgz}wlca~ake }fg Hwtcah Maltzopl
]fg amgl oi l eco`lc Hwtcah Maltzopl flt twpildgm okcq ak pgdgk} qglpt# tw t}lk}alccq gvzlkm(
ake wzok }fg }plma}aoklc dokdgz} oi l maltzopl `ltgm ok tflpgm lkdgt}plc opaeakt ua}fak l
zlp}adwclp kl}aok# t}l}g# op g}fkad epowz+ ]fg epouake zozwclpa}q oi }fat akdazagk} pgcaeaowt(
maltzopad dokt}pwd} flt `ggk `oct}gpgm `q }fg zpgtgkdg oi lk gygp(akdpgltake kwh`gp oi
Hwtcaht cayake ak Ugt}gpk Gwpozg lkm Kop}f Lhgpadl# hlkq oi ufoh flyg kgygp yata}gm
}fgap lkdgt}plc fohgclkmt ak }fg Hammcg Glt}# Kop}f Lipadl# op o}fgp zlp}t oi }fg uopcm+ 1 Ak
lmma}aok# Hwtcaht cayake ak Ugt}gpk t}l}gt ua}f zpgmohaklk}cq ufa}g Dfpat}alk hlnopa}agt
egkgplccq lpg zgpdgaygm lt l pgcl}aygcq dofgtayg# pldalca~gm hakopa}q epowz2 mwg ak clpeg
hgltwpg }o }fgap mat}akd}ayg pgcaeaowt pa}wlct lkm g}fko(kl}aoklc dwt}oht+ Ylpaowt iopht oitodalc gvdcwtaok gvzgpagkdgm `q Hwtcaht ak }fg Ugt} iwp}fgp dok}pa`w}g }o twdf pldalca~gm
mgzad}aokt &Tfgiigp 0::4>99(95!+
Dohzlpgm }o }fgap matlzopad gcmgpt# tgdokm( lkm }fapm(egkgpl}aok Hwtcaht ak Gwpozg lkm
Kop}f Lhgpadl lpg hopg cabgcq }o doktamgp pgcaeaok lt }fgap hot} ahzop}lk} amgk}a}q hlpbgp#
giigd}aygcq }pwhzake g}fkada}q# kl}aoklca}q# op da}a~gktfaz t}l}wt+04!+ ]fwt# }fg zpozokgk}t oi }fg amgl oi l Hwtcah Maltzopl dok}gkm }fl} mgtza}g }fg
hwc}azcada}q oi }fgap dowk}pagt oi opaeak# Hwtcaht flyg hwdf ak dohhok lkm }fgpgiopg tfowcm
opelka~g lkm ld} lt dofgtayg todalc(zoca}adlc gk}a}agt ak }fgap fot} dowk}pagt &Tfgiigp 0::4>95!+
1 Lddopmake }o pgdgk} ewpgt# }fgpg lpg lzzpovahl}gcq 04 haccaok Hwtcaht ak Gwpozg# dohzpatake lzzpovahl}gcq
yg zgpdgk} oi }fg zozwcl}aok+ Gwpozgt Hwtcah zozwcl}aok flt hopg }flk mow`cgm ak }fg zlt} }fpgg mgdlmgt lkm
}fg pl}g oi epou}f at lddgcgpl}ake &Tlyleg 0::=>09!+ Ua}fak }fg W+T+# }fgpg lpg lzzpovahl}gcq 0+47 haccaok Hwtcaht
&}fowef ewpgt ylpq ua}f tohg gt}ahl}gt lt faef lt yg haccaok!+ &Dgtlpa 0::=>zpahlpacq lt Hwtcaht &Zgu Pgtglpdf Dgk}gp 0::5>4
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Faz(foz ult ko} dpgl}gm ak l todalc yldwwh2 pl}fgp# tgygplc mat}akd} hwc}adwc}wplc akwgkdgt
dolcgtdgm ak }fg Tow}f @pokv oi }fg ham(09!+
Maltzopad Iplhgt ak Lhgpadlk Faz(Foz
Tgygplc oi }fg glpcagt} zaokggpt oi faz(foz gh`pldgm Lipodgk}pad/`cldb(kl}aoklcat} zgptzgd}aygt}fl} akdcwmgm maltzopad ahlegpq+ Hot} ko}guop}fq ak }fat pgelpm ult Lipabl @lh`ll}ll
&Bgyak Moklylk!2 iophgpcq l @pokv elke cglmgp ufo lmoz}gm l cgegkmlpq ^wcw klhg li}gp
dokygp}ake }o }fg Kl}aok oi Atclh &Bgqgt 0::0>=6(=1!+ Lt l pgtwc} oi `gake aktzapgm `q
Lipadlk fat}opq lkm mgzad}aokt oi haef}q ^wcw ulppaopt ak zozwclp dwc}wpg# @lh`ll}ll gt}l`(
catfgm }fg Wkaygptlc ^wcw Kl}aok &W^K! ak =1!+
Oygp }fg qglpt# hlkq Lipadlk(Lhgpadlk faz(foz lp}at}t flyg da}gm tahaclp akwgkdgt+ Iop
gvlhzcg# }fg Coke Atclkm plz `lkm Zw`cad Gkghq flt oi}gk w}aca~gm }fg zoca}adlc tcoelkt oi
}fg @cldb Zlk}fgpt# }fg Kl}aok oi Atclh# lkm Hlcdoch V+ Wtake lkepq dowk}gpdwc}wplc }okgt#
}fg `lkm flt gh`pldgm `o}f `cldb zpamg lkm }fg Lipadlk Maltzopl ak }fg dok}gv} oi ozzotake
ozzpgttaok+ Iaef} }fg Zougp ( l
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Hopg pgdgk}cq# Dfadleo plzzgp Blkqg Ugt} flt ghzcoqgm maltzopad iplhgt ak fat toket+
Ak Kgygp Cg} Hg Mouk &0::=!# iop akt}lkdg# Ugt} lccwmgt zota}aygcq }o flyake }fg fglp}
oi Bwk}l Bak}g }fg dgk}plc dflpld}gp oi Lcgv Flcgqt Lipadlk(Lhgpadlk maltzopad koygc
lkm ]Y tgpagt# Poo}t> ]fg Tlel oi lk Lhgpadlk Ilhacq+ @gholkake pldalc fl}pgm lkm
plhzlk} hl}gpalcath ak Lcc Ilcct Mouk# Ugt} plzt }fl} `cldbt }omlq lpg iw}acgcq }pqake
}o `wq `ldb owp iop}q ldpgt+ ]fat at l fat}opad pgigpgkdg }o }fg clkm lcco}hgk}t }fl} ugpg
}ghzoplpacq eplk}gm }o kgucq ipggm tclygt `q }fg igmgplc eoygpkhgk} mwpake }fg glpcq mlqt
oi Pgdokt}pwd}aok+ Lt Lipadlk(Lhgpadlkt l}}ghz} }o gkpadf }fghtgcygt ak }omlqt todag}q
lkm ldfagyg }fg gygp(gcwtayg Lhgpadlk mpglh# }fgq oi}gk gkdowk}gp l kgu }qzg oi ozzpgttaok
}fl} at lklcoeowt ak tohg pgtzgd}t }o tclygpq+ Lt Ugt} plzt# Lkm iop }fl} zlzgp# coob fou
cou ug lt}ooz2 gygk ai qow ak l @gk~# qow t}acc l kaeel ak l dooz/dowzg+
Lk ahzop}lk} ild}op }fl} flt fgczgm }o mattghakl}g }fg amgl oi l Hwtcah Maltzopl lpowkm
}fg uopcm at }fg epouake kwh`gp oi Lipadlk(Lhgpadlk faz(foz zgpiophgpt ufo flyg gh pldgm
Atclh ak pgdgk} qglpt+ Plzzgpt twdf lt Dfwdb M# Adg Dw`g# Klt# Hot Mgi# Dohhok# Gyg#
lkm Zlpat# oi}gk akdopzopl}g ylpaowt Atclhad }fghgt lkm hgttlegt ak}o }fgap toket# DM cakgpko}gt# lkm zw cad ak}gpyagut+ Tgygplc faz(foz ldaoklmot dok}gkm }fl} }fg clkewleg oi plz
lkm }fg \wplk lpg ygpq tahaclp ak t}pwd}wpg lkm t}qcg &Lcah 0::7>099!+ Hot Mgi &Mlk}g
Tha}f!# ufo dokygp}gm }o Atclh l} leg }fap}ggk ak fat kl}ayg @poobcqk# o`tgpygt }fl} `o}f
faz(foz lkm }fg \wplk dok}lak dokdatg cqpadlc hglkaket }fl} lpg gltacq mattghakl}gm ak faefcq
dlmgkdgm iltfaok+ Faz(foz lkm }fg }gv}t oi \wplk lpg `o}f iopht oi zog}pq# fg t}l}gt# lkm
`o}f zottgtt l pfqhg tdfghg }fl} dokygqt gttgk}alc akiophl}aok &|wo}gm ak Flcacl 0::7>46!+
Atclh flt gygk `ggk mgtdpa`gm lt faz(fozt oidalc pgcaeaok &Lcah 0::7>09=!+
Lipadlk lkm Hwtcah Maltzoplt ak Iplkdg
Oygp }fg zlt} tgygplc mgdlmgt# Iplkdg flt `gdohg akdpgltakecq maygptg ak }gpht oi g}fkada}q
lkm pgcaeaok# clpegcq mwg }o }fg pgcl}aygcq plzam akwv oi kgu haeplk}t lppayake ipoh iophgp
Ipgkdf docokagt ak Lipadl# Ltal# lkm }fg Dlpa``glk+ ]fowef }fg Ipgkdf eoygpkhgk} mogt
ko} dohzacg oidalc pgdopmt ok g}fkada}q op pldg# todalc tdagk}at}t flyg gt}ahl}gm }fl} }fg
Ipgkdf zozwcl}aok at lzzpovahl}gcq 65 zgpdgk} ufa}g &77 haccaok zgozcg ua}f hot}cq
Ipgkdf op o}fgp Gwpozglk `ldbepowkmt!# kakg zgpdgk} Kop}f Lipadlk &7+7 haccaok zgozcg ua}f
zpgmohaklk} Kop}f Lipadlk/Lpl` opaeakt!# }fpgg zgpdgk} `cldb &}uo haccaok zgozcg oi
hot}cq Ugt} Lipadlk op Lipo(Dlpa `glk opaeak!# lkm okg zgpdgk} Ltalk &flci l haccaok zgozcg
oi hlakcq Akmodfakgtg `ldbepowkm!+
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zougp ak }fotg lpglt# flt `ggk }fg zpahg pgdazagk} oi }fat hwc}a(t}l}g Kgu Lipadlk Maltzopl2
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Iplkdo(Hlefpg`akt lkm o}fgp maltzopad hakopa}agt oi}gk cayg ak ahzoygpatfgm tw`wp`lk
tcwht codl}gm ok }fg zgpazfgpagt oi hlnop wp`lk lpglt# ak dok}plt} }o }fg }qzadlc W+T+ zl}}gpk
oi akkgp(da}q efg}}oa~l}aok+ Bkouk lt `lkcagwgt# twdf ow}gp tw`wp`t dok}lak hot}cq faef(
patg zw`cad fowtake zpongd}t }fl} lpg todalccq lkm tzl}alccq atocl}gm ipoh kl}ayg Ipgkdf
kgaef`opfoomt lkm `wtakgtt mat}pad}t+ ]fg ylt} hlnopa}q oi `lkcagwgt flyg gvzgpagkdgm mg(
akmwt}palca~l}aok &a+g+# hlttayg dcotake oi ild}opagt! ak pgdgk} mgdlmgt# cglmake }o ufa}g
aef} ipoh }fg fowtake zpongd}t lkm }fg dokdoha}lk} pgtamgk}alc tgepgel}aok oi wkmgp(tbaccgm
ahhaeplk} uopbgpt+ Ua}f wkghzcoqhgk} pl}gt patake }o lt faef lt iop}q zgpdgk} ak hlkq
`lkcagwgt# zoygp}q lkm todalc matdok}gk} flyg `gdohg gkmghad+ Lt Bgl}ok &0::9! flt o`(
tgpygm# Zw`cad fowtake codl}gm ak }fg hot} matlmylk}legm ow}gp da}agt oi hlnop wp`lk lpglt
flt `gdohg l mwhzake epowkm iop }fg cglt} mgtapgm zozwcl}aokt &94!+
Zpo`cghl}adlccq# tw`wp`lk hakopa}q qow}f ak zlp}adwclp lpg oi}gk t}gpgo}qzgm2 }fwt gkdowk(
}gpake todalc t}aehl}a~l}aok lkm hlpeaklca~l}aok+ Lt Tugmgk`wpe &0::
}ag}fkad `lkcagwgt lpg pldalca~gm ak zw`cad matdowptg2 lkm }fg tqh`oc oi lcc }fl} at o}fgp
ak Iplkdg at# hot} dgk}plccq# }fg qowke# ahhaeplk} Lpl` Hwtcah# }fg~oklpmoi }fg `lkcagwg&54!+ Bgl}ok &0::9! ko}gt }fl} twdf qowke zgozcg lpg }qzgdlt} lt yaocgk} mgcak|wgk}t# iglpgm
lt }gppopat}t ak }fg hlbake# lkm o ngd}agm lt dpahaklct }fg iommgp oi zpatokt lkm }fg }lpeg}t
oi pldalc zpocake# tgdwclp clut# lkm dwpigut }fl} lzzcq tocgcq }o }fgap kgaef`opfoomt &0!+
Ul|wlk} &
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Zpo`l cq }fg `gt}(bkouk Iplkdozfokg plzzgp ak }fg uopcm# HD Tocllp &Dclwmg H@lplca!#
ult `opk ak Tgkgelc &l iophgp Ipgkdf docokq ak Ugt} Lipadl! lkm epgu wz ak Iplkdg+ Fg
mapgd}cq dpgma}t @lh`ll}llt ^wcw Kl}aok iop fat aka}alc gvzotwpg }o faz(foz+0: Ak hwdf oi
fat hwtad# Tocllp gvzcopgt maltzopad tw`ngd} hl}}gp# lmmpgttake }fg dohzcgv todaozoca}adlc
dokma}aokt }fl} flyg zpohz}gm haccaokt oi Lipadlkt }o cglyg }fgap fohgclkmt lkm nowpkgq }o
}fg Lhgpadlt lkm Ugt}gpk Gwpozg+ ]fg lc`wh doygp oi Dak|wahg &0::
zad}wpgt l tfap}cgtt Tocllp t}lkmake kgv} }o o}fgp `cldb hgk# tgghakecq ahzpatokgm lkm wk(
mgpeoake }plktzop} ok l tclyg tfaz+ ]fg lc`wh dok}lakt }fg }pldb# Cyg(]oa g} Plz &T}lkm
wz lkm Plz!# ufadf gvzclakt }fg dapdwht}lkdgt `gfakm fat ilhacqt haepl}aok ipoh Mlblp#
Tgkgelc }o }fg Zlpatalk `lkcagwg oi Yaccgkgwyg(Tlak}(Egopegt ufgk fg ult okcq tav(hok}ft
ocm+ Ak }fg toke# fg plzt l`ow} fat ouk maltzopad dokkgd}aokt }o Lipadl lkm ak }fg zpodgtt
lttgp}t l `cldb amgk}a}q# ufadf t}lkmt ak tflpz dok}plt} }o }fg oidalc docop(`cakmkgtt oi
Ipgkdf lttahacl}aokath+
Lt pgiweggt oi }fg Kgu Lipadlk Maltzopl# Iplkdo(Lipadlk plzzgpt pgyglc t}poke amgoco(
eadlc lika}agt lkm dokkgd}aokt ua}f }fg dok}akgk}# zlp}adwclpcq ak dohzlpatok }o }fgapLipadlk(Lhgpadlk dowk}gpzlp}t+ ]fat at mwg ak clpeg hgltwpg }o }fg pgcl}ayg egoeplzfad
zpovaha}q lkm homgpk }ahg iplhg oi }fg Iplkdo(Lipadlk Maltzopl+ Lddopmake }o Dlkkok
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Ak tza}g oi twdf kgel}ayg dpa}a|wgt oi Ugt}gpk dayaca~l}aok lkm Ipgkdf todag}q# hlkq mal(
tzopad plzzgpt tggh }o pgdoeka~g }fl} }fgq lpg akgv}padl`cq cakbgm }o Ipgkdf wp`lk caig lkm
a}t dothozoca}lk homgpka}q+ Ak }fat tgktg# }fgq gvat} `o}f ua}fak lkm `g}uggk }uo uopcmt+
]fg Iplkdo(Hopoddlk plz `lkm#
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Hglkakeiwccq# }fg wtg oi Ipgkdf &lkm o}fgp kok(Gkecatf clkewlegt! ak plz hwtad pgzpgtgk}t
l ioph oi dok}gt}l}aok }o Lhgpadlk faz(foz fgeghokq &Ha}dfgcc 0:::!+ Fougygp# }fg
Ipgkdf clkewleg w}aca~gm `q plzzgpt lkm }fgap ilkt at ipg|wgk}cq clmgk ua}f qow}f( ltgm tclke
gvzpgttaokt ghlkl}ake ipoh }fg `lkcagwgt+ Bkouk lt dgipok# }fat tw`wp`lk ygpkldwclp at l
hgc}ake zo} oi gvzpgttaokt }fl} pggd} }fg g}fkad hlbg(wz oi }fg dohhwka}agt ufgpg a} at
wtgm# `oppouake uopmt ipoh pgeaoklc malcgd}t lt ugcc lt Lpl`# Dpgocg# Eqztq# lkm @gp`gp
clkewlegt &@gcc 9!# ua}f plzzgpt oi}gk tzo}caef}ake }fg maidwc} dflccgkegt
oi caig ok }fg t}pgg} &cl pwg! lkm ak }fg zpongd}t &cl }da!+ Lttlttak# iop akt}lkdg# elakgm
ak}gpkl}aoklc pgdoeka}aok li}gp zpomwdake }fg faz(foz towkm}pldb iop }fg dpa}adlccq lddclahgm
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Dfacmpgk oi }fg Efg}}o+ ]fg cqpadt oi Pgtzgd}# tg} }o l nl~~q iwkb `gl}# `gholk }fg
gpotaok oi faz(fozt }pwg ylcwgt twdf lt lw}fgk}ada}q# fokop# lkm tgci(gt}ggh lhoke hlkq
Ipgkdf qow}f ak }fg `lkcagwgt+ Gkmoptake }fg ocm tdfooc lkm a}t zpoegkq# }fg toke zplatgt
plzzgpt lkm epli}a }leegpt ufo flyg hlklegm }o hlak}lak }fgap ak}gepa}q lkm lyoam tgccake
ow}+ Lt }fg cqpadt t}l}g>
]fg kgu tdfooc kggmt }fg zpgtgkdg ak Iplkdg#
]fg `pglb at iopeo}}gk# lkm plz at hlpbg}gm+
]fg }le matlzzglpt# lkm }fg eplzf patgt lelak ak }fg elccgpagt
Of qgt a}t eoom }o `g l bake lkm qgt a}t eoom }o `g l |wggk
Pgtzgd} qowptgci# lkm }fg pgt} uacc ou
B(Hgc# }fg dflpathl}ad cglm plzzgp oi Lccalkdg G}fkab# epgu wz ak }fg Dpgcc `lkcagwg kop}f
oi Zlpat cat}gkake }o }fg pla hwtad oi fat Lcegpalk ahhaeplk} zlpgk}t lkm }fg `cldb iwkb pgdopmt
oi fat ocmgp `po}fgp+
0=
Ak pgdgk} qglpt# B(Hgc flt noakgm iopdgt ua}f }fg faefcq zozwclpIpgkdf(Lcegpalk pla lp}at}# Dfg` Hlha# }o take Zlpatagkt mw Kopm &Zlpatalkt ipoh }fg
Kop}f!+ ]fg toke gvzpgttgt }fg epouake matdok}gk} oi Ipgkdf qow}f oi Hlefpg`a opaeak (
zlp}adwclpcq }fotg ufo cayg ak }fg kop}fgpk Zlpatalk `lkcagwgt+ Lddwtl}aokt oi wkg|wlc }pgl}(
hgk} lkm vgkozfo`ad zgpdgz}aokt lhoke kl}ayg Ipgkdf da}a~gkt }oulpmt hakopa}q qow}f
lpg gvzpgttgm ak }fg toke+ Lt }fg cqpadt t}l}g>
@gdlwtg oi hq coobt qow dlccgm hg l iopgaekgp
A }fowef} }fl} }fat ult hq dowk}pq
]fl} A dowcm mag fgpg
]fl}t fou qow zclqgm hg
]fl}t fou qow `g}plqgm hg
Ak dok}plt} }o }fg doktdagkdg faz(foz oi Lccalkdg G}fkab lkm B(Hgc# }fg flpmdopg plz
oi Twzphg K]H oi}gk ghzcoqt tgvwlccq gvzcada} lkm yaocgk} cqpadt lttodal}gm ua}f cl pwg+
Opaeakl}ake ak }fg Zlpatalk tw`wp` oi Tgakg(Tlak}(Mgkat ak 0:!+
Okg oi K]Ht hot} ilhowt toket# Zocadg# gvzpgttgt t}poke fot}aca}q }oulpmt Ipgkdf
clu gkiopdghgk}+ Iodwtake zpahlpacq ok zocadg `pw}lca}q lkm }fg flpltthgk} oi hakopa}q
qow}f ak }fg Zlpatalk `lkcagwgt# }fg cqpadt t}l}g }fl} }fg zocadg lpg l ygpa}l cg elke# hgk}lccq
pg}lpmgm# lkm l `plakcgtt hldfakg wkmgp nwt}adgt opmgpt lkm wzok ufadf A zgg+ ]fowef
twdf adokodclt}ad cqpadt lpg dohzlpl`cg }o }fotg oi elket}l plz zpomwdgm ak }fg W+T+# K]H
pgiwtgt }o amgk}aiq }fgap hwtad ua}f }fl} zlp}adwclp tw`(egkpg+ Pl}fgp }flk tahzcq ecopaiq
0=
Iop l tfop} `aoeplzfq oi Lccalkdg G}fkab# tgg f}}z>//uuu+phwta|wg+doh/ta}gGk/`aoeplzfag/`aoeplzfag_9:40+ltz
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epl}wa}owt yaocgkdg# hgh`gpt oi K]H tgg }fgap hattaok lt }fg pgngd}aok oi todalc lkm
gdokohad gvzcoa}l}aok &Zpyot 0::0>1!+
]fpowefow} K]Ht dlpggp# }fg `lkm flt `ggk mapgd}cq dpa}adlc oi pldath lkm todaogdokohad
akg|wlca}q ak Iplkdg# iodwtake ok tzgdad attwgt oi dokdgpk iop ahzoygpatfgm lkm hlpeaklca~gm
tw`wp`lk pgtamgk}t+ Ak caef} oi uamgtzpglm pao}t lkm zocadg dpldbmoukt ak }fg `lkcagwgt ak
pgdgk} qglpt# K]H flt akdpgltakecq dowktgcgm kok(yaocgkdg ak twdf toket lt Zotg }ok Ewk
&Zw} mouk qowp Ewk!# ufacg dok}akwake }o lmyodl}g pgyocw}aoklpq ld}ayath+ Dlkkok
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zflploft lkm o}fgp Lipadlk/Kop}f Lipadlk amglt lkm lp}aild}t+ Geqz} flt coke `ggk l
zougpiwc hg}lzfop iop }fg Lipodgk}pad hoyghgk} uopcmuamg# }fowef }fg `lkmt doh`akl}aok
oi Geqz}alk tqh`ocath ua}f Lpl`ad/Atclhad dokdgz}t at l taekadlk} ylpal}aok ok }fat }fghg+
Lt okg oi }fg t}pokegt} lkm hot} akwgk}alc Hwtcah kl}aokt ak }fg uopcm# Geqz} tqh`oc(
adlccq dlcct l}}gk}aok }o }fg zpgtgk}(mlq zcaef} oi Kop}f Lipadlk Hwtcaht ak zlp}adwclp# pl}fgp
}flk tahzcq iodwtake ok }fg Hammcg Glt}+ ALHt zfacotozfq# zozwclpcq bkouk lt zflplo(
fath op Geqz}alkath# at l domgm pgld}aok }o docokalcath lkm }fg dok}akwgm &zot}docokalc!
tw`nwel}aok oi Hwtcaht# Lpl`t# `cldbt# lkm o}fgp hakopa}agt `q }fg Ugt} &Zpyot 0::=6!+
Gygk }fg epowzt klhg# ALH# pgzop}gmcq t}lkmt iop Ahzgpalc Ltal}ad Hgk207 ufadf flt
pgzw}gm dokko}l}aokt }o pgkoukgm Ltalk/Lipadlk/Lpl` dayaca~l}aokt oi lk}a|wa}q twdf lt
Geqz}+ ]fowef }fg `lkm at dohzotgm hlakcq oi maltzopad Lipadlkt# }fg cglm plzzgp iop }fg
epowz flt A}lcalk poo}t+ Zfacazzg Ipleaokg &l+b+l+ Lbfgkl}ok! at }fg tok oi tow}fgpk A}lcalk
ahhaeplk}t# l Hwtcah dokygp}# lkm l ph `gcagygp ak }fg tqh`ao}ad gvat}gkdg oi l zlk(
Hgma}gpplkglk `cldb Atclhad dwc}wpg+ ]fowef t}pokecq Atclhad# fg dclaht }o `g kga}fgp l
iwkmlhgk}lcat} kop lkq bakm oi zoca}adlc gv}pghat} &Zewacclk
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7/31/2019 Hip-Hop Hybridity in a Glocalized World: African and Muslim Diasporic Discourses in French Rap Music
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Dooc Atclh ak Ipgkdf Faz(Foz
Ak pgdgk} qglpt# Dooc Atclh# l kgu maltzopad zfgkohgkok# flt ghgpegm ak Iplkdg# Epgl}
@pa}lak# lkm o}fgp dowk}pagt+ ]fat hoyghgk}# lt tohg zgozcg lpg dlccake a}# ult mgtaekgm
}o zpoho}g l hopg homgpk# mgdamgmcq cgtt iwkmlhgk}lcat}# Hwtcah doccgd}ayg amgk}a}q &Zaeo}}0::6# Tlpmlp 0::9!+ Iplhake Atclh lt dooc at lk lzzlpgk} l}}ghz} }o dowk}gpld} zozwclp
t}gpgo}qzgt oi Hwtcah qow}f lt oygpcq }plma}aoklc# lk}a(Ugt}gpk# zwpa}lkadlc# hgkldake# lkm
todalccq(pgzpgttgm+
Ak hlkq pgtzgd}t# Dooc Atclh at mapgd}cq cakbgm }o faz(foz lkm l `cldb(akgd}gm amgk}a}q
ak }gpht oi hwtadlc }lt}gt# ylcwgt# lkm l}}a}wmgt+ Cabg }fg tclke }gph faz# }fg tw`dwc}wplc
dokdgz} oi dooc pgzw}gmcq flt Lipadlk Maltzopad/Lipadlk(Lhgpadlk opaeakt+ Ko}l cq#
Lhgpadlk `cldb nl~~ hwtadalkt lkm }fgap ilkt pt} zozwclpa~gm dooc mwpake }fg
Dooc Atclh gvzpgttgt a}t amgk}a}q }fpowef faz(foz lkm plz# lkm at fglyacq akwgkdgm
`q lk wkmgpepowkm Hwtcah faz(foz hoyghgk} ak }fg W+TDooc Atclh wtgt faz(foz
}o dokygq l zoca}adlc lkm pgcaeaowt hgttleg> lcc Hwtcaht lpg wka}gm2 Atclh at l zplehl}ad
lkm pl}aoklc ila}f2 Hwtcaht lpg ko} fgczcgtt yad}aht# `w} flyg dpgl}ayg ulqt }o pgtat}
lkm tw`ygp} ahzgpalcath+
Lhgc @ow`gbgwp# oi }fg Tdfooc oi Todalc T}wmagt ak Zlpat# gvzclakt }fl} Dooc Atclh at ko}
okcq tzapa}wlc lkm dohha}}gm }o dopg Hwtcah zpakdazcgt# `w} lcto tohgufl} hl}gpalcat}ad lkmUgt}gpk ak a}t todalc ow}coob+ Ak dok}plt} }o zlt} egkgpl}aokt# }fg ylt} hlnopa}q oi qowkegp
Hwtcaht pgdoeka~g }fl} }fgq uacc pghlak ak Iplkdg iop }fg pgt} oi }fgap caygt# mgtza}g ipwt}pl}ake
gvzgpagkdgt ua}f todalc gvdcwtaok# tfg o`tgpygt+ ]fowef }fgq pg}lak lk ldw}g iltdakl}aok
ua}f }fgap maltzopad fohgclkm# hot} mo ko} qglpk }o pg}wpk l} cglt} ko} zgphlkgk}cq+ ]fwt#
Hwtcah qow}f flyg towef} }o pgdokdacg lkm tqk}fgta~g }fg ylcwgt oi Atclh ua}f }fotg oi }fgap
lmoz}gm kl}aok+ Lt @ow`gbgwp t}l}gt# ]fgq lpg }pqake }o zpoho}g lk Atclhad amgk}a}q# `w}
lcto lk g}fad oi tocamlpa}q# dflpa}q# pgtzokta`aca}q iop gldf o}fgp &|wo}gm ak Zaeo}} 0::6!+
Okg gvlhzcg oi l Ipgkdf(Lcegpalk zgpiophgp ufo tgci(amgk}agt ua}f Dooc Atclh at }fg
plzzgp# Hmakg &Hgfma ^lowadfg!+ Epouake wz ak }fg `lkcagwgt oi dolt}lc Cg Flypg# fg ult
l} okg }ahg faefcq ak}ocgplk} oi Ugt}gpk ylcwgt+ @w} ak pgdgk} qglpt# fg dclaht }o flyg wkmgp(
eokg l dooc Atclhad }plktiophl}aok# }fwt `gdohake mgdamgmcq cgtt moehl}ad lkm hopggdwhgkadlc+ A }fakb }fl} ak lcc pgcaeaokt }omlq# }fgpg lpg dohhok fwhlk ylcwgt# fg t}l}gt
&|wo}gm ak Zaeo}} 0::6!+ T}acc mgyow}cq pgcaeaowt lkm zpowm oi fat g}fko(pgcaeaowt opaeakt#
Hmakg ghzflta~gt kok(yaocgk} ld}ayath lkm }fg ahzop}lkdg oi wkmgpeoake lk ak}gpklc
tzapa}wlc }plktiophl}aok2 }fwt# }fg klhg oi fat `gt}(tgccake lc`wh# Naflm> ]fg Epgl}gt}
T}pweecg At Ua}fak Qowptgci+ Ok twdf lc`wht# fat toket lpg oi}gk zcglmake ak }okg `w} plpgcq
lkepq# iodwtake ok zpo`cght oi pldath# zoygp}q# lkm vgkozfo`al ak Ipgkdf todag}q lkm
lpowkm }fg uopcm+ Fg plzt }fl} zgozcg ufo cayg ak }fg `lkcagwgt lpg oi}gk mgzpaygm oi dayac
paef}t+ Lt Hmakg &0::7! upo}g ufgk fg ult 00(qglpt ocm ak l ]ahg Hlel~akg gttlq>
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Zgozcg cabg hg((}fg mgtdgkmlk}t oi ahhaeplk}t# ufg}fgp Lpl`# `cldb op Ltalk((lpg
}wpkake }o owp poo}t lkm gh`pldake owp fgpa}leg# nwt} }fg ozzota}g oi ufl} owp zlpgk}t
mam ufgk }fgq lppaygm+++&@w}! ugpg t}lkmake wz }o mgkowkdg }fg zpgnwmadg lkm aknwt}adg
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Zpyot# Lkmp+ 0::0+ ]uo mgdlmgt oi plz ak Iplkdg> Ghgpegkdg# mgygcozhgk}t# zpotzgd}t+ Ak @cldb#
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ua}f todag}q+ATTK> //uuu+@oob(Nowpklc+doh
Gvlhakgt }fg hglkake lkm zwpzotg oi mgtaek ufacglcto tzglbake ak epowkmgm ulqt l`ow} }fg }ltb oi
mgtaek lkm }fg wtg oi mgtaekgm lp}gild}t lkmzpodgttgt+
ATTK> //uuu+Maygpta}q(Nowpklc+doh
Hlzt lkm ak}gpzpg}t kgu }pgkmt lkm zl}}gpkt akeco`lcatl}aok+
ATTK //uuu+Eco`lcT}wmagtNowpklc+doh
Matdwttgt }fg pocg oi }fg fwhlka}agt ak dok}ghzcl}ake}fg iw}wpg lkm }fg fwhlk# ak lk gpl o}fgpuatg
mohakl}gm `q tdagk}aiad# }gdfkadlc lkm gdokohadpl}aoklcatht+
ATTK> //uuu+Fwhlka}agt(Nowpklc+doh
Tg}t ow} }o iot}gp ak|wapq# akya}g malcoewg lkm `wacm l`omq oi bkoucgmeg ok }fg kl}wpg lkm iw}wpg oi
cglpkake+ATTK> //uuu+Cglpkake(Nowpklc+doh
Dpgl}gt l tzldg iop matdwttaok oi }fg kl}wpg lkmiw}wpg oi opelkatl}aokt# ak lcc }fgap iopht lkm
hlkaigt}l}aokt+ATTK> //uuu+Hlkleghgk}(Nowpklc+doh
Lmmpgttgt }fg bgq |wgt}aok> Fou dlk }fg akt}a}w}aokoi }fg hwtgwh `gdohg hopg akdcwtayg?
ATTK //uuu+Twt}lakl`aca}q(Nowpklc+doh
Iodwtgt ok l plkeg oi dpa}adlccq ahzop}lk} }fghgt ak}fg ylpaowt iagcmt }fl} lmmpgtt }fg dohzcgv lkm
tw`}cg pgcl}aoktfazt `g}uggk }gdfkocoeq# bkoucgmeglkm todag}q+
ATTK> //uuu+]gdfkocoeq(Nowpklc+doh
Akygt}ael}gt }fg liiopmlkdgt iop cglpkake ak }fg maea}lchgmal# ak tdfooc lkm }fpowefow} gygpqmlq caig+
ATTK //uuu+WCNowpklc+doh
Gvzcopgt }fg hglkake lkm zwpzotg oi }fg ldlmghq ak}ahgt oi t}pabake todalc }plktiophl}aok+
ATTK //uuu+Wkaygpta}agt(Nowpklc+doh
IOP TW@TDPAZ]AOK AKIOPHL]AOK# ZCGLTG DOK]LD]tw`tdpaz}aoktJdohhokepowkm doh lw