Hind_-_Manual_-_PC

8/7/2019 Hind_-_Manual_-_PC

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1. IN TR OD UC TI ON ............................................... 3

2. QU IC KS TAR T ..................................................... 5

3. F LI GH T O P TI ON S ............................................ 7

Main Screen .............................................................. 7

Flight screen ............................................................. 8

Preferences ............................................................... 10

Pilots Log .................................................................. 13

Scenario Selection .................................................... 15

Single Missions ......................................................... 16

Campaigns ................................................................ 16

4. MIS SI ON BR IE F IN G ........................................ 19

Briefing Screen ......................................................... 19

Mission planner ........................................................ 21

Mission Tips .............................................................. 24Wingman and Formation Control ........................... 28

5. COCKP IT ............................................................. 29

Pilots cockpit ............................................................ 29

Weapon s ystems opera tor s cockpit ......................... 39

6. VIE WIN G M OD E S ............................................. 45

In ter na l cockpit views .............................................. 45

External views .......................................................... 45

Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) view ................ 46

Low Light Level TV (LLLTV) view ........................ 47

Turret optics view ..................................................... 47

7. FLYING THE HIND ......................................... 49

Handling modes ........................................................ 49

Controls ..................................................................... 52

Manoeuvres .............................................................. 54

Em ergen cy pr ocedu res ............................................. 58

8. WE AP ON S ......................................................... 61

Air-to-ground wea pons ........................................... 62

Air-to-air wea pons ................................................... 68

Deliver y Techniques ............................................... 71

Countermeasures .................................................... 74

9. MU LTIP LAYER GAME S ................................ 75

Two pla yer gam es ................................................... 75

Set up for two player games .................................. 76Sending in-flight messages in two player games 81

Ne tw ork Ga me s ...................................................... 83

10. HIND - HIST OR Y AND DE VELOP MEN T 85

11. VEHICLE INVENTORY ............................... 89

12. CR E DI TS .......................................................... 93

13. INDEX ............................................................... 95

14. CU ST OM E R SU P P OR T ............................... 99

Copyright 1996 Digi ta l Integra t ion Ltd.

All rights r eserved. No part of this man ual or software may be repr oduced, stored in a

retrieval system or tr ansmitted in any form or by an y means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording or otherwise, without t he pr ior permission of Digital In tegration Ltd.

This product is exempt from classification under UK La w.

In accordance with The Video Standards Council Code of Practice it is

considered su itable for viewing by the age ra nge(s) indicated.


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1. INTRODUCTIONThe Hind. Known as the bogeyman by NATO ground troops, there is no

equivalent in th e Western invent ory. The Mi-24 Hind has a ccumulat ed

unrivalled combat experience, providing the backbone of first line assault

helicopter regiments in at least nineteen nations. Deliveries of the Hind are

known to have exceeded 2,300, with more than 1,250 deployed throughoutthe Soviet army. Designed to carry troops to the battlefield and support them

with impressive firepower, the Hind has become a well-respected adversary

of NATO forces.

H i n d is a fitting sequel to our awar d-winning Apa che Longbow . The two

products will link a s th e first step t o Digital Int egrations Vi r t ua l

Bat t l e f i e ld . This is our first product to featu re g r o u n d t r o op s , providing a

str iking improvement to th e sense of reality. We have introduced the n ew

concept of th e Sil icon WSO - an int elligent crew member who will performthe fun ctions of the Weapon Systems Opera tor in t he front cockpit wh en you

ha ve your ha nds full just staying alive!

We have r eceived much pr aise for Apache Longbow from our customers. Th ey

ha ve provided valua ble feedback, suggestions for impr ovement s, wish lists and

constructive criticism. We have included many of the requests and we are

grateful for your comments. Thank you.

Before you begin, please read the I n s t a l l a t i on Gu i de carefully. It cont ain s

importan t inform at ion on how to inst all H i n d .

H i n d ha s been designed to entert ain t he widest audience possible. From the

instan t excitement of Quicksta rt to the aut hent ic and challenging mu lti-mission

Campaigns, there is something for everyone in H i n d . Here is a summ ary of the

treats in store:

IN

TRODUCTIO

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Q u i c k s t a r t - throws you into the thick of the action from the moment you

load Hin d. Ever yth ings hostile.

T r a i n i n g - a selection of missions designed to familiarise you with helicopter

ha ndling and all of th e Hinds weapon systems. Trainin g takes place at th e

S a r a t o v air base in Russia.

Si ng l e m i s s i ons - a total of thirty combat missions based in Kor ea ,

Af ghan i s t an and K a z a k s t a n . The missions include a wide variety of

situations and tasks, each self-contained.

C a m p a i g n s - a multi-level, multi-mission campaign in each of the three combat

zones. Your progress th rough a camp aign depend s upon th e out come of each

mission, with a m ulti-threaded script sett ing the scene and as signing your

tasks.

T w o p l a y e r o p t i o n s

(i) C o m b a t - allows you t o fly hea d-to-hea d a gainst a friend (or foe!).

(ii) Single Miss ions - allows you t o fly co-operat ively with an other player on

an y of th e single missions, or H ind versus Apache with each player flying as

aggressor or defender.

(iii) P ilot / WSO - allows two players to crew the sa me H ind on all single

missions. One player is th e pilot, the other player th e Weapon Systems Opera tor.

N e t w o r k o p t i o n s(i) D e a t h M a t c h - up t o sixteen players fight for su rvival - Hinds an d Apaches

(ii) C a p t u r e T h e F la g - a t eam ga me with t he objective to destr oy th e enemys

headquarters

For your convenience, this m an ual is a vailable on screen a t a ny time - just pr ess

S 1 .


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2. QUICKSTARTReady for action? Quicksta rt get s you air borne an d over th e batt lefield as soon

as th e game ha s loaded. When run ning Hind for the very first time, the

intr oductory sequence leads directly int o the Qui cks t a r t Ar cad e mode, flying

over hostile territory with your weapons arm ed. You have un limited fuel,

unlimited weapons, simplified controls and plent y of targets. There is n o timelimit bu t you can be shot down and it is possible to cras h int o the ground.

Pus h forward on th e joystick (or press W ) to accelerate a nd pu ll back on th e

joystick (or pr ess Z ) to slow down. Move th e joystick left or right to ban k an d

tur n onto a new heading. Adjust your altitude with key Q to go up a nd key A

to go down. You ar e over enem y terr itory so everyth ing ma y be considered

hostile. Let em ha ve it

Weapon s a t you r d i s pos a l i nc l ude :

9M114 Spiral air-to-ground missiles

S5 57mm r ockets

12.7mm turret-mounted machine gun

R60 air-to-air missiles

Press E to select your wea pon. The weapon nam e will appear on the head

up d isplay. Your Silicon WSO in th e front cockpit will select ta rgets an d aim

th e weapon for you. All you n eed do is press z to fire the weapon - and

avoid gett ing shot down!

After u sing Quicksta rt for t he first time, it ma y then be selected from th e Main

Screen. After clicking on Quicksta rt , you ar e present ed with a choice of

Ar cade or I nv i nc i b l e mode, or t he option to view the Top Ten screen.

QU

ICKSTART

Quickstart S creen


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Ar cade : you have u nlimited wea pons, un limited fuel and simplified cont rols.

However, you can get shot down and m ay crash in to the groun d. You will be

awar ded a score du ring each flight depending upon h ow many ta rgets you

destroy.

I nv i nc i b l e: you have unlimited weapons, unlimited fuel and simplified controls.

You are in vulner able to enemy fire and you will not cras h if you h it th e ground.

No score is a warded in th is mode.

Ha ving chosen Arcade or In vincible, you m ust now select your s cenar io, Korea ,

Afghan ista n or Kazak sta n. Your flight begins as soon as t he scenar io is selected.

To end your f l i gh t p r e s s c a n d Q t o g e t h e r .

Top Ten: This displays the top ten highest scores achieved in Quickstart

Arcade mode. If your s core is high enough t o qua lify for entr y then a blan k linewill appear a t th e appropriat e position. Type in your na me to join th e best of

Hind pilots.

Although Quickstart defaults to novice controls, it is possible to use stable or

rea listic cont rols by selecting this option on th e Pr eferences screen pr ior to

selecting Quickstar t. See cha pter 3 for a description of Pr eferences.

S cenar io S elect S creen


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3. FLIGHT OPTIONSSummary

This chapter describes the structure of the game, the various

options available, th e user -selecta ble preferences an d th e pilots

log.

Hind conta ins thr ee combat a reas: Kor ea , Afghanis tan and

K a z a k s t a n an d one training area based at Sara tov. Each

combat area offers a choice of ten missions plus a multi-mission

campaign. Use the tr aining missions in order to become

familiar with t he flying qualities of th e Hind helicopter an d th e

various weapons systems tha t it carries. There are two

Quicksta rt options, three t wo-player options a nd a network

option for u p to sixteen players. In tota l there are over one

hundred and thirty missions.

Figure 3.0 shows th e overall str uctur e of Hind.

Main ScreenUse t he m ouse t o click on a ny of the following options:

Q u i c k s t a r t - described in Cha pter 2

Fl i gh t - click h ere t o select th e Flight Screen

P r e f e r en ces - click here if you wish to alter your preferred settings

P ilot s Log - click h ere t o star t a new p ilots log or open /insp ect an existing log

Ea ch of th ese options is described in m ore deta il below. You will also see two

sma ll but tons in th e lower right corn er of th e screen:

FLIGHTOPTIO

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Figure 3.0

Main Screen


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GoTo

The GoTo but ton a ppea rs in th e lower r ight corner of every screen before

ta ke-off. Clicking h ere will open a window with t he following functions:

Hel p - switches to th e on-line man ua l

P r e f e r en ces - switches t o the P references screen

Logs - switches t o th e P ilots Log screenQui t - exits the gam e. You will be ask ed to confirm th is selection.

Recogn i t i on - switches to the aircraft/vehicle recognition library

Main - returns the player to the Main Screen

Ani m a t i ons - click here to view animation sequences. Press any key to quit.

The function of the GoTo button is to enable you to skip from your present

screen to whichever screen you wish an d then to retur n to your pr esent screen.

For example, if during mission briefing you realise that you have not selected

your pilots log, th e problem is r emedied by clicking on GoTo, selecting Logs,selecting t he corr ect P ilots log and t hen retu rn ing directly to the mission

briefing. Note: selecting Quit or Main from t he GoTo menu will not retu rn to

the screen where GoTo was selected.

Quit

Click h ere t o leave th e game. This butt on is labelled Exi t on subsequent

screens. Click on E xit to retu rn to a previous screen.

Flight screenThe F light screen offers th e following options:

T r a i n i n g - click her e to display the list of tr aining missions. Train ing

always ta kes place at Sar atov. Clicking on any of th e mission t itles will

display a description of the mission, the number of helicopters involved, yourFlight S creen


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targets and weapons to be used, your take-off time, flight time and the

weath er conditions. On tra ining missions you may ena ble or disable

I n f in i t e w e a p o n s and N o Cr a s h e s by clicking on the appropriate button.

Click on C o m m i t when you ha ve chosen your mission. You will now proceed

to Mission Briefing (see Chapter 4).

Single Miss ion - click here if you wish to fly a single, self-contained mission.

Select a scenario (Korea, Afghanista n a nd Ka zaksta n) and you will be presented

with a list of comba t m issions. Click on an y of th e mission titles t o see a

description of th e mission, the n um ber of helicopter s involved, your ta rgets a nd

weapons to be used, your take-off time, flight time and the weather conditions.

Click on Com m i t when you h ave chosen your mission. You will now proceed to

Mission Br iefing (see Chap ter 4).

C a m p a i g n - click h ere if you wish to ta ke pa rt in a mu lti-mission m ulti-level

campa ign. Select a scenario (Korea, Afgha nista n an d Kazakst an ) an d you willar rive at t he bas e of operat ions. At the beginn ing of your cam paign you will be

given a br iefing of th e overa ll scena rio and you will be upda ted of progress

before each flight. Click on OK when you are ready to proceed to Mission

Briefing (see Cha pter 4). Your su ccess or failur e on ea ch mission will determ ine

how the campaign pr ogresses. After a ny flight you m ay leave the campaign by

clickin g on Exi t an d retu rn t o cont inue lat er. Your pilots log will show the

status of the campaign.

N e t w o r k - click h ere t o select t he m ultiplayer n etwork options.(a) Dea t h M a t ch - Up to sixteen players fight for survival.

(b) C a p t u r e T h e F la g - This option pitches two team s aga inst ea ch other, with

th e objective of destroying th e other team s hea dquar ters.

A detailed description of th e network ga mes ma y be found in chapt er 9

Multiplayer Games.

FLIGHTOPTIO

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Two p l aye r o p t i o n s - all two player games may be played using a modem, a

direct ser ial cable link or across a net work. Click her e for th e following options:

(i) C o m b a t - allows you to fly head-to-head a gains t a friend

(ii) Single Miss ion s - allows you to fly co-operat ively with an other player on

an y of the single missions or a gainst a n Apache in Korea

(iii) P ilot / WSO - allows two players to crew the sa me H ind on all single

missions. One player is the pilot, the other player th e Weapon Systems

Operator.

A detailed description of th e two player games ma y be found in chapt er 9

Multiplayer Games.

PreferencesA num ber of program featu res a re u ser-selecta ble and ar e collectively known a s

th e Preferences. Depending upon your h ar dwar e configura tion, th e following

options will determine how Hind r uns on your comput er.

Visual de ta i l - In t he u pper left corn er of the P references screen you will see

th e Visua l Window. This demons tr at es th e level of visual complexity contr olled

by the slider bar beneat h th e window. Use the mouse point er to drag the slider

from minimu m complexity at th e left h an d end to maximum complexity at th e

right ha nd end. Maximum complexity includes Goura ud sha ding, textur e

mapping, light sourcing an d ma ximum visual ra nge. The level of visual

complexity will affect th e smoothn ess of th e simula tion. Reduce th e visua l

complexity if th e simu lat ion app ear s jerky.

F l ig h t m o d e l - select bet ween N ovice, Sta ble or Rea listic. The N ovice flight

model is much easier to fly if you are not familiar with the controls of a

helicopter . The Sta ble model is far m ore represen ta tive of rea l helicopter

ha ndlin g but with secondar y effects removed. The Realistic option includes th e

control cross-coupling inherent in helicopter dynamics.

Preferences S creen


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E n e m y r a t i n g - select from Poor to Excellent by moving the slider bar from

left to right. This difficulty factor will det erm ine th e effectiven ess of th e

enemy e.g. awareness, aggressiveness etc.

M is s i on p l an ne r - with th e mission plann er En abled many additional featu res

are a vailable for st udying and cha nging your flightplan. These ar e described in

deta il in th e chapt er Mission Briefing.

Ani m a t i ons - a nu mber of an imation sequences are played throughout Hind in

order to set t he scene. Users with slower m achines ma y wish to Disable the

animations.

I n -F l i gh t Soun d - You ma y select in-flight soun d effects as Off, Norma l or F ull.

The F ull sett ing includes all Norma l sound effects plus in-cockpit ra dio cha tt er.

Selecting F ull sound effects ma y slow down t he program on slower comput ers.

O t h e r S o u n d - Speech an d Mus ic, each se lectable as on or off. Speech refer s to

th e intr oductory briefing speech pr ior t o each miss ion. Music refers t o a

nu mber of at mospheric musical compositions played th roughout th e game to

corr espond with s creen selection an d your m ission performa nce.

S ou n d c a r d - click here to view a list of soun d card types . Select your car d

or i ts nearest equivalent.

A d d r e s s - th e progra m will au tomat ically at tempt to determine th e address ofyour sound card. If th e soun d does not work, check your sound card ma nu al and

use t his to specify the a ddress.

I n t e r r u p t - the program will automatically att empt t o determine th e interrupt

sett ing for your sound card. If th e soun d does not work , check your soun d car d

manu al and use this t o specify the interru pt setting.

FLI

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DMA - the program will automatically attempt to determine the DMA setting

for your sound card. If the sound does not work, check your soun d card

manual and use this to specify the DMA setting.

Cont r o l s - use this to select the type of device that you wish to use for each

of your h elicopter contr ols. The Collective (up/down), Cyclic (pitch a nd roll)

and Tail Rotor (yaw) controls are selectable as follows:

Col l ec t i ve keyboard or

throttle stick (or throttle wheel)

Cyclic keyboard or

joystick or

Thrustmaster FCS or

Flightstick Pro or

Virtu al Pilot P ro

Ta i l r o t o r keyboard orpedals

Figure 3.1 gives visual confirmation of joystick operation if selected,

including the coolie hat if available.

Collect ive - click here to reverse the control sense when using a throttle

stick.

M a in r o t o r - click here to reverse the main rotor torque effects in theRealistic flight model.

All of your preferences are au tomat ically saved t o disc an d will be preset

au tomat ically when you next load th e game. Please note tha t all pilot logs

use the same preferences.

Figure 3.1


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Pilot s LogClick her e to select or begin a n ew pilots log. The log supp orts u p to ten u sers

and ea ch u ser may ha ve up to ten pilot names. The first pilot na me for each

user is Comrade Immorta l - a pilot with indestr uctible qualities. To enter a new

user na me, click on R e n a m e U se r and type in your n ew name. To add a new

pilot name, click on C r e a t e an d type in your p ilots na me. You may a lso Dele te

and R e n a m e a pilot.

Each log will display information that is unique to each pilots name:

Status

Active - normal sta tu s for pilot.

I n j u r e d - if you su rvive a crash in a llied ter ritory you may be declared

injured for 24 hours.

Miss ing - if you sur vive a cra sh in enem y terr itory you will be declaredmissing for 48 hour s.

P OW - prisoner of war - if you choose to quit th e mission a fter lan ding in

enemy terr itory there is a chan ce tha t you will be capt ured. You will be

released after 96 hour s.

KIA - killed in action - if you do not su rvive a cras h or get sh ot down on a

combat mission.

KIT - killed in tra ining - if you do not su rvive a crash on a t rain ing

mission.

Note: time elapsed is tak en from your system clock i.e. real h ours.

Tot a l t i m e - total nu mber of hours a irborn e on all types of mission.

C o m b a t t i m e - tota l num ber of hours a irborn e on combat missions.

Tota l miss ions - tota l num ber of missions flown, a ll types.

O u t s t a n d i n g m i s s io n s - total number of missions on which you have achieved

outstan ding performance.

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Pilot's L og S creen


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Success fu l miss ions - total nu mber of successful missions.

Fa i led m i s si ons - total nu mber of missions failed.

C a m p a i g n s - the log will also show which of the th ree campa igns ar e in

progress and which have been completed.

Promotion through the ranks and medals are aw arded as follow s:

No. of missions completedSergeant 0

Lieutenant 5

Capta in 15

Major 30

Colonel 50

O r d e r o f t h e R e d S t a r : Awarded after successful complet ion of two cam paign s

or one campa ign an d ten single missions.

Or de r o f Len i n : Awarded a fter su ccessful completion of all thr ee campa igns or

two campa igns and twenty single missions.

Gold S t a r ( He r o o f t he Sov i e t Un i on ) : Awarded after successful complet ion

of all thr ee campa igns and all thirt y missions.

Order of the

Red Star

Order of Lenin

Gold S tar (Hero of

the Soviet Union)


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Scenario SelectionYou have a choice of three scenarios - K a z a k s t a n , K o r e a and Af ghan i s t an .

In Kazakstan both sides have Soviet equipment as you are fighting Soviet

rebels. The Korean scenario involves both eastern and western equipment

and it is here that you will meet the formidable Apache

Longbow. In Afghanistan you are pitched against the

resourceful Mujaheddin guerrilla forces.

Kazakstan

Kazakstan is a republic in Central Asia, bordered by

Russia to the north, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan,

Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to the south, and the

Caspian Sea and Russia to the west. It is

approximately five times the size of France and the

second largest member of the Commonwealth of

Independent States.

North Korea

Located in north-east Asia, this is the northern half

of th e Korean P eninsula. It is bordered by China t o

the north, Russia to the north-east, the Sea of

J apan to the east, an d the Yellow Sea to th e west.

The capital city is Pyongyang.

FLI

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N orth Korea


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Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a republic in south-west Asia, bordered

by Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to the

north, China, Jammu and Kashmir to the east,

Pakistan to the east and south, and Iran to the west.

Single MissionsThere ar e ten self-contained single combat m issions

in each scenar io. Ther e is no implied order of

difficult y. We suggest th at you complete a selection of

th e single missions before embark ing upon a

campaign.

Campaigns

A campa ign is a series of int er-linked comba t missions. The outcome of eachmission will determ ine how the campaign progresses. After any flight you may

leave th e campa ign by clicking on Exi t an d retu rn t o cont inue later . Your pilots

log will show the st at us of the campa ign.

The campa ign scripts a re based u pon topical an d historical informa tion. The

political a nd m ilita ry t actics portr ayed ar e totally fictitious.

Kazak stan Campaign - Halt the rebellionKazaksta n h as r elocated its capital from th e southern city of Almat y to the

nort her n indu str ial city of Akmola. Over fifty per cent of th e popula tion of

Akmola is Russian and twent y per cent Kazak. After nightm ar ish

hyperinflation of 3000% in 1993, the Kazak government has succeeded in

sta bilising the economy and ha s reduced inflation to un der 27%. The coun tr y is

hea vily dependan t up on Russia for its electr icity. In its desperate n eed for

Afghanistan


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foreign currency, Russia has raised the price of electricity and sabotaged

Kazakst an s efforts t o attr act foreign investmen t n eeded to exploit t heir

considera ble oil and gas reserves an d to build new power stat ions.

The failure of foreign investment ha s regrett ably cau sed inflat ion t o run out of

contr ol, with consequent ial unr est am ongst Kazak governm ent em ployees and

th e arm ed forces. The situa tion has det eriora ted ra pidly, with large sections of

the Kazak a rmy and a ir force under mutiny and t heir anger directed at the

Russian population. The rebels ha ve declar ed their intent ions to overthr ow th e

governmen t a nd impose ethnic cleansing. In t he capital city of Akmola th ere is

now heavy fighting between the r ebels an d th e loyal government forces. Large

nu mbers of Russians a re being driven from their homes. The Kazak

government has requested Russian assistance to defeat the rebels and restore

contr ol. You are a m ember of the Ru ssian h elicopter a ssau lt squadr on.

Korea Campaign - Feed the PeopleKorea ha s been divided into North a nd Sout h since the Second World War .

Restoration since the Korean war ended in 1953 has been difficult for both

sides. With t he assistan ce of Western na tions, the South h as concentra ted upon

economic growth an d ha s cont inued t o prosper with dem ocra cy esta blished in

1987. North Korea became a closed and secretive society under t he tyra nn ical

rule of Kim Il Sung. Recent st ra ined relations with China , the Norths

traditional ally, have lead to even greater isolation for President Kim Jong-il.

A perman ent peace treaty between North and South h as never been signed and

the North h as publicly declared tha t it remains dedicated to invading the South.With milita ry forces of both sides resp onding to the moun ting t ension, the border

zone is recognised as one of th e most da ngerous in t he world.

Flooding and storms have severely affected the grain harvest in the North.

Thousands h ave been left h omeless and sta rving but appeals for intern ational

assista nce have brought little reaction. Fa ced with mount ing pressur e, th e

FLIGHTOPTIO

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North Korean government is directing its armed forces to invade South

Korea. Recent militar y exercises along th e border h ave prepared th e Nort h

Korean s for the at ta ck. Their first objective is to secur e food supp lies from

storage facilities and distribut ion centres a round t he port of Incheon. Your

role is to support the North Korean forces in the air power offensive.

Afghanistan Campaign - The Second Kunar Offensive

Set du ring t he Rus sian occupa tion in 1985, you will be flying Hinds a gainst a

deter mined an d resourceful foe: th e Mujah eddin. Alth ough main ly a foot-based

guerr illa a rm y, they are h ighly mobile and in t he broken hilly terr ain ma ke very

elusive targets. They are also arm ed with h eavy machine guns, morta rs,

ar tillery, and SAMs.

Five years a fter t he Russian invasion, the Russian an d Kabul regimes ar e

failing. Most of th e count ryside is contr olled by th e Mujahedd in with ma jor

towns an d garr isons besieged. The situa tion is becoming progressively worse a sth e guerrillas equipment, ta ctics and organ isation improve. The terr itory

gained in several m ajor offensives into the count ryside has not been h eld due to

the a mount of man power required and casualties susta ined.

The first Kuna r offensive aimed to open th e J alalabad t o Chagha Sa rai r oad,

secur ing it with gar rison posts. Supply lines were to be cut, guer rilla forces

destroyed in th e Pech Dara, Asmar an d Barikot area s, and th e besieged garrison

at Bar ikot relieved. Russian tr oops reached Chagha Sar ai and reinforced

garr isons in south ern Kuna r, but were forced to retreat to Ja lalabad. Thiscampaign begins the second offensive and you are required to contribute as a

member of the Hind helicopter assault squadron.


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4. MISSION BRIEFINGBriefing Screen

Briefing

After selectin g your mission, you will ar rive at th e Briefing Screen. Click on

the Br i e f i ng button to open a window giving a full description of your

mission. The window may be maximised or m inimised by clicking on the

butt on in the top right corn er of the window. Click an d drag on the

slider bar on th e left side of the window in order to scroll down t o

see more t ext if necessa ry. The wind ow may be closed by clicking

again on th e Briefing bu tton or by clicking in th e top left corn er of

the window.

Clicking on any point on the m ap with th e right mouse but ton will

centre t he ma p at the n ew position.

The flightplan for your mission h as a lready been creat ed for you an d

is displayed on th e map. It is a series of lines connectin g labelled

circles and tr ian gles. The flightpla n is composed of waypoints a nd

legs. Waypoint s ar e fixed reference points in th e flightplan , A,B,C, etc.

an d a leg is the path between one waypoint and th e next. There are

several waypoint types:

D e p a r t u r e - Always waypoint A, shown by a squ ar e box. This is yourta ke-off point .

T u r n i n g - points in t he flightplan wher e you chan ge course. These

ar e the most common type of waypoint . Labelled with capital

letters B,C,D etc. and enclosed by a circle.

MISSIONBRIE

FING

Briefing S creen

Figure 4.0


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I n i t i a l po i n t - a turning point prior to a target waypoint. This marks the

beginning of an attack run. They are labelled in the same sequence as

Turning points.

Tar ge t - location of plan ned t ar get. Labelled with lett ers X, Y or Z in

sequence and enclosed by a triangle.

R e c o n n a i s s a n c e - you are expected to transmit reconnaissance data when

reaching this waypoint by pressing key R .

A p p r o a c h - the waypoint that marks the beginning of the approach to

landing. They are labelled in th e same sequence as Turn ing points.

Land i ng - the last waypoint in the flightplan, usually near to your take-off point.

As soon as you click on Take-offyou will proceed to the cockpit, with your

aircra ft arm ed and fully refuelled. The tower will give you clearance to take-off.

Ending or Abor ting your flight

After touchdown at your landing waypoint you will be asked whether or not you

wish to end your mission. Press Y to confirm, or N if you wish to continue. You

may abort your mission at any time by pressing keys c and Q together. If you

abort a flight you will not be able to save the mission in your pilots log.

Debriefing

At the end of your flight you will return to this screen for a Debriefing. Your

flightpat h will be displayed for compa rison with your flightplan an d your

mission effectiveness described. Click on Exi t to leave the debrief. After a

single mission, you will be asked if you wish to log the mission at this point.

Select Ye s to record the mission in your pilots log. Select R e t r y if you wish

to fly the mission again immediately without updating your log or No to

return to mission selection. The option not to log or retry the mission is not


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ava ilable dur ing a cam paign . You are expected to accept the consequ ences of

failing to complete your mission.

Mission PlannerIf the Mission Planner is enabled in the Preferences (see chapter 3) you will see

the Map Tool Box at t he upp er right corner of th e Briefing Screen . The tool box

offers a nu mber of functions tha t ena ble you to study a nd m odify your flightplan ,chan ge the appear ance of the Briefing Screen, alter your weapon payload and

requ est a weat her r eport. To select a function, click on its na me with th e left

mouse button.

Zoom - use this function to magnify an ar ea of interest . After selecting th e zoom

function t he mouse pointer will change to the sh ape of a m agnifying glass. Click an d

hold the left mouse but ton while dragging the m ouse diagona lly to define the area to

be magnified. Upon releasing the mouse butt on, the specified area will be rescaled

to fit the screen . Alter na tively, clicking once with th e left mouse but ton will zoom toa h igher deta il level at t he position of the mouse pointer.

Back - click t o retu rn to pr evious zoom level.

Rot a t e - use th is function to rotat e the ma p about th e centr e of the screen. After

selecting t he r otate fun ction the mouse pointer will change t o a rotat e symbol.

Click an d hold the left m ouse butt on a nd dr ag forwards / rearwards to rotate th e

map. This function can be useful for orient at ing your self dur ing th e mission br iefing.

F it - click t o resize the flight plan to fit t he screen .

Way - click on th is butt on to open t he Waypoint win dow. Waypoint s in your

flightplan ar e listed in sequence. Informa tion about a wa ypoint can be

displayed by first clicking on t he wa ypoint butt on an d t hen clicking on Info .

The Information window displays the following:

MISSIONBRIE

FINGMap T oolbox


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Pos i t ion - x, y co-ordinates and altitude

T y p e - waypoint type: tur ning, ta rget et c. as described above

S p e e d - the plann ed speed to the n ext waypoint

S t a r t t i m e - delay prior to take-off, in seconds

Ti m e t o t h i s wayp o i n t - time in hours, minu tes an d seconds, assuming

planned speed

Clicking on any waypoint except th e Depart ur e point or th e Landing point willcause th e In s and Del but tons to appear in th e Waypoint window. To insert a

waypoint in between two existing waypoints, first select t he waypoint at the end of

th e leg to be modified, then click on In s. A new waypoint will appea r at t he

midpoint of th e leg and th e waypoints will be renamed. To remove a waypoint,

first click on the waypoint symbol then click on Del. To move a waypoint, click

and hold on the waypoint symbol and drag the mouse pointer to the required

location. The first a nd last wa ypoint of an y flight plan cannot be moved.

The x, y position, altitude and speed at any

waypoint may be a djusted by clicking on t he t iled

digits in th e Informa tion window. Blank tiles will

app ear a bove and below the digit. Click above to

increas e an d below to decrease. The Waypoint

window is closed by clicking in the top left corner.

Save - If you have made significant changes to your

flightplan, you may wish to save your work. Click onSave and th e flightplan will be saved to your ha rd

disc. When you select the mission again your modified

flightplan will be loaded instead of the one supplied.

R e s t o r e - Click here to restore the original

flightplan. Thi s wi l l e r a s e you r m od i f i ed

f l igh tp lan .Figure 4.1


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Task - If you have modified your flightplan, you may also wish to modify the

flightp lan of each wingma n on your mission. Click her e to open the Task

window and click on each aircra ft in the list to highlight its flight plan . You

may modify each flightplan in tu rn . Use th e Save button if you wish to save

each new flightplan to your hard disc.

Point - click her e to open t he Point window. Position your mouse cur sor anywhere

on the ma p to discover (a) ground height , in met res, (b) owners hip of territory, enemyor allied, (c) the type of object at the mouse cursor e.g. building, TV mast etc.

Disable - click her e to disable the left mouse but ton. We advise tha t th is be used

prior t o clicking on t he 3D but ton. This will avoid activat ing oth er functions such

as zoom while you a re u sing th e mouse t o click on point s of int erest on th e ma p.

3D - click on the Disable button before using this function. Clicking on 3D will open

a sm all window conta ining a 3D visual display, used for exploring t he ma p. The

window may be resized by dragging t he lower right corner a nd closed by clicking th e

top left corner. Th e window has th ree m odes, selected by clicking on F ly, Point or Sa t:

F ly - click on a ny point on t he m ap after selecting th is function. The 3D

visual window will now fly to that location. If the left mouse button is held,

th e 3D view will fly to and follow th e locat ion of the m ouse pointer.

Po i n t - click on a ny point on t he m ap after selecting th is function. The 3D

visual in the window rotates about th at point, looking down at the ground.

Sa t - click on a ny point on t he m ap after selecting this fun ction for a

static vertical satellite view of the ground at that point.

Key - click here to display the map key. Click on the Key buttons to turn the

following elements on or off:

MISSIONBRIE

FING


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Gr i d l i ne s - scaled dependent upon zoom level.

Waypoint s - display flightp lan

C o m p a s s - displays compa ss symbol

Allied AAA - displays location a nd ra nge of allied AAA

Allied SAM - displays location a nd r an ge of allied SAMs

En emy AAA - displays location an d r an ge of enem y AAA

En em y SAM - displays location an d ra nge of enem y SAMs

Si des - applies sha ding to indicate division of allied/enem y terr itory

The Key wind ow may be closed by clicking in th e top left corn er.

Me t - click h ere t o display weat her informa tion: wind speed, wind direction a nd

visibility. Note that the wind blows FROM the specified direction e.g. a direction of

45 degrees will result in your helicopter dr ifting in the direction of 225 degrees.

P a y - click her e to view the weapon pa yload displa y. Weapons appr opriate to

your mission will already be loaded, together with full fuel. Move th e mouse

pointer t o each weapon t o display its na me. To rem ove weapons from the

aircra ft, click on t he loaded wea pon. To load a wea pon or repla ce a loaded

weapon, first click on t he des ired weap on lying in front of the h elicopter. Possible

loadin g positions for t he wea pon will be displayed e.g. inn er pylon, outer pylon

or wingtip pylon. Note th at not a ll weapons fit on all pylons. Selecting th e

desired pylon will load th e weapon on ea ch side of th e helicopter.

Mission TipsGeneral

Most missions have been designed with a cruising speed of 300kph between

waypoints a nd a cruise altit ude of 30m. This gives sufficient flexibility to adjust

your speed and position relative to your wingmen. You must execute the

required ta sk given in your mission briefing an d land at the last wa ypoint for a

Payload W indow

i i b f l P f d b h i i


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mission to be su ccessful. Per form an ce over an d above th e mission

requirements may earn an outstanding rating for the mission.

Unlike the novice flying mode, the stable and real is t ic modes do not ha ve terra in

following, and even the novice mode is not infallible when flying at high speed.

Keep an eye on your radar altitu de as you fly over hills - par ticularly at n ight.

When faced with a n incoming missile or en emy an ti-aircraft a rt illery, you ar eadvised to tur n sh ar ply (jinking) an d deploy cha ff an d flares . Flying low will

decrease t he likelihood of SAMs, part icular ly if you mak e use of ter ra in ma sking

i.e. keeping below th e horizon. Un fort un at ely, flying low will expose you to sma ll

arm s fire.

Armoured formations engaged in battle occur frequently along the front line.

These forces are a ccompan ied by air defence equipment e.g. SAMs and AAA. If

you ar e fired upon, tak e out t he air defences first . Do not wast e weapons

destroying ta nks unless th is is the pu rpose of your mission.

You ma y change your wea pon payload du ring your mission briefing if you p refer

a different weapon mix. The tur ret ma chine gun h as a very high ra te of fire so

use it in short bursts.

Prior to landing at the end of your mission, press 6 followed by a and W

in order t o obtain a look down view of your land ing area . The air field apron

can be a busy place with aircraft, vehicle and personnel movements.

Training missions

I n f in i t e Weapon s - Clicking on Infinite Weapons will ensu re t ha t you will not

run out of weapons during your flight.

MISSIONBRIEFING

Train ing S creen

N h Cli k N h if i h th t i


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No c r a s hes - Click on No crashes if you wish the game to ignore any

crashes that would normally be fatal. We recommend that this option be used

until you are familiar with Hind.

Wat ch ou t fo r o t he r a i r c r a ft - The a irfield at Sa ra tov is a bus y place. You will

not be th e only Hind p ilot u nder going tr ainin g so be prepa red for other rookie

pilots flying to an d from the a irfield apr on.

Dont sh oot th e a l li es - Most vehicles, aircraft an d buildings around Sar atov

ar e ALLIED. Tar gets ar e located only at ta rget wa ypoints e.g. X an d Y. Firing

weapons at any other vehicles or buildings will result in mission failure. There

ar e no enemy forces to conten d with.

T r o o p d e p l o ym e n t a n d e v a cu a t i o n - The H ind is capable of ta king tr oops to

th e batt lefield (deploymen t) and bringing th em back (evacuat ion). After lan ding

at the dr op zone, press D to open t he cargo doors. Troops on boar d will th en

deploy or troops waiting to be evacua ted will climb onboar d. You are a t t he

wrong wa ypoint if the t roops do n ot deploy.

To log or not to log? - As you leave th e debr ief screen a fter your flight , you will be

asked whet her or not you wish t o log th e mission. If you click on YES, the m ission

will be recorded in your pilots log. NOTE: th e log will become inactive if you cra shed

an d died dur ing the mission. If you click on NO, th e outcome of th e mission will be

discarded a nd n ot recorded in your log. Click on RETRY if you wish t o fly the

mission again for whatever reason. Clicking on RETRY will discard the outcomeof th e mission just flown. This option is not available on Cam paign missions.

Combat missions

F o r w a r d b a s es - A forward base is a t emporary military insta llation (tents,

sup plies an d vehicles) from wher e you will fly some of your comba t m issions. Be

prepar ed for the forwar d base to relocate between missions Take note of


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prepar ed for the forwar d base to relocate between missions. Take note of

nearby landmarks in case of navigation computer failure.

Reconnaissance - You will be expected to collect r econn aissa nce dat a wh en flying a

reconnaissance mission. Press key R as you fly past the ta rget waypoint . A

confirm at ion message of Good r econ will appea r if successful. IfR is pressed at

the wrong point in your flight plan you will see th e messa ge Recon bad.

Weapon r e l oad i ng du r i ng your m i s s ion - Your Hind car ries spar e weapons

when you are not deploying or evacuat ing troops. To reload, you must lan d and

remain on the ground until you see the confirmation message Weapons

reloaded. Weapon reloading is aut omatic. Spare weapons will be of th e same

qua nt ity an d type loaded prior to ta ke-off an d will only be loaded ont o th e sam e

pylon a s at ta ke-off. N.B. The Hin d crew is not capa ble of reloadin g bombs.

Spare bombs are n ot carr ied. If all spare weapons a re not loaded when you lan d,

you ma y land again to reload after t he relevant weapons have been used. If you

land after using all spare weapons you will see the message No spare weapons.

For m a t i on f ly i ng - There will always be a t least one other Hind accompanying

you on a combat mission. The nearest Hind to you at take-off is your wingman.

Use c 1 to c 4 to issue comm an ds to your wingma n only. If you wish t o

issue commands to the ent ire formation use S 1 to S 4 . Wait for

cleara nce to tak e-off. Your forma tion will ta ke-off typ ically a few second s before

you.

If your wingman or the formation comes under fire during the flight they will

probably depart from the flight plan an d retaliate. Try not to fly ah ead of th e

form at ion wh en t his occurs or else you will lose an y defensive cover th at th ey

are a ble to provide when you reach th e tar get area . Use the forma tion m essage

Resum e flight plan (S and 4 ) if th e form at ion is d istr acted for too long.

When escort ing Hip h elicopters , the cruising speed will be approxima tely 240kph.

MISSIONBRIEFING

WSO targe t se lec t ion When active the WSO will make his best


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WSO targe t se lec t ion - When active, the WSO will make his best

judgemen t of which ta rget t o select and tr ack. If you wish t o lock onto a

different target press B to instruct the WSO to rescan for a different

tar get or press T (Target Track) to lock onto targets along your line of sight.

The WSO will only lock onto enemy ta rgets. This ma y be a little confusin g in

the Kazak stan missions where both en emy and allies have the sam e equipment

an d tr oops i.e. Russian.

R e m o t e b o m b i n g - In th is type of mission you ar e required t o laser designa te a

tar get while other allied aircraft drop laser-guided bombs. Fly to the tar get area

an d illuminat e the tar get by either selecting and tr acking the ta rget man ually

by pressing key T or by using th e WSO. The allied aircraft carr ying th e laser-

guided bombs will tra nsmit messages confirming t heir appr oach to th e ta rget

an d bomb release. The bombs are released at high altitude and will tak e up to

two minutes to strike th e tar get. As this is a co-ordinat ed att ack your t ime of

arrival at the t arget is importan t.

Read m e f i le - Be sur e to check th e Readm e file on t he CDROM for furt her tips.

Wingman and Formation ControlDuring flight you may issue the following commands to your wingman or to

th e entire forma tion. Your wingman is always the second Hind on th e Task

list when the Mission Planner is enabled.

Wingman F or ma t ion

Go home c and 1 S and 1

Follow me c and 2 S and 2

Attack my target/help me c and 3 S and 3

Resume flightplan c and 4 S and 4

5 COCKPIT Pilot's


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5. COCKPITIntroduction

The Hind cockpit is a two-seat tandem design

with the pilot in t he rear seat an d the weapon

systems opera tor in the front seat. The aircraft

may be flown from either station but

instrumentation is sparse in the front cockpit.

The light blue colouring of the instrument panel

is common on Soviet aircraft. It is report ed tha t

aeromedical specialists discovered the colour to

be the most soothing for Soviet aircrew.

COCKPIT

Pilot s

Instruments

1. Airspeed

indicator

2. Art ificial horizon

3. Vertical speed

indicator

4. Radar altimeter

5. Barometric

altimeter

6. Pitch/Yaw/Roll

indicator

7. Horizontal

situat ion indicator

8. Stan dby ar tificial

horizon9. g meter

10. Clock

11. Landing gear

indicator

12. Brake indicator

13. En gine an d rotor

rpm indicators

14. Moving ma p

15. Threat warningindicator

16. Stan dby compass

17. Fuel gauge

18. Failure warning

lights

19. Text display

Figure 5.0

1 2 3

4 5

6

7 8

9 10

1213

14

18

17

1615

19

11

Pilots cockpit


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Pilot s cockpitPress h or 2 to select the pilots cockpit.

Pilot s instrument panel

1. Ai r sp eed in dica t or (US-450K) - shows your Indicated Airspeed u p to

450 km/hr. At sea level your In dicat ed Airspeed equals your Tr ue Airspeed. As

altitude increases t he r educing air density will result in your Indicat ed Airspeedbeing lower tha n your Tru e Airspeed.

2. Ar tificia l h or izon (P KP -72M) - This instru ment sh ows the pitch and r oll

att itude of your a ircra ft relat ive to the ground. For example, pitch up a nd th e

ar tificial horizon will fall. Roll right a nd t he a rt ificial horizon will roll left. This

inst ru men t a lso shows sideslip i.e. sideways velocity.

3. Vert ica l speed ind icat or (VAR-30MK) - show your ra te of climb / descent in

metr es per minu te divided by 10. Full scale deflection is 300 metres per minut e.

The needle will move clockwise from zero as you climb a nd an ti-clockwise as you

descend.

4. Ra da r a l t imet er (R V-5) - shows your height above ground level, up to a

ma ximum altitu de of 700m. Note tha t th e scale is non-linear, displaying a

higher resolution up to 100m.

5. Baromet r ic a l t imeter (VD-1OK) - shows your barometric altitude

(height above sea level) in metres * 100 (large needle) and metres * 1000

(small needle). This will differ from your actu al height a bove th e groun d

when you ar e flying over hills. Ea ch revolut ion of th e lar ge needle

represents 1000m. Each revolution of the small needle represents 10,000m.

6. P itc h /Yaw /Ro ll in dic at or (VKT-2) - provides the pilot with an accurate

display of pitch, roll and yaw. Used for aiming rockets.

7 . Hor i zon t a l S i t ua t i on I n d i ca t o r ( RM I-2 ) - this instrument has a


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( )

rotat ing compa ss dial, sh owing your present head ing at th e 12 oclock

position. A pointer rotates to indicate the direction to your next waypoint.

To fly towards your next wa ypoint , tur n u nt il the pointer is at t he 12 oclock

position. The dial is calibrated 0 as due North , 9 as due Ea st, 18 as due

South a nd 27 as du e West. Note: This is not n ecessar ily your d irection of

flight as you may be flying sideways or even backwards. The bearing

(degrees) and range (km.) to the next waypoint are displayed at the base ofthe inst rument .

8. S tan db y ar t i fi c ia l hor izon - a back up us ed in th e event of failure of th e

ma in ar tificial horizon.

9. g me ter - shows g force due to aircra ft manoeuvres. For str aight a nd level

flight t he rea ding will show 1g. Maximum positive g force is +4g an d ma ximum

negative g force is -2g.

10. Clock- an alogue clock

11 . Land i ng gea r i nd i ca t o r - three green lights confirms that the landing

gear is down an d locked. Three red light s confirm th at t he landing gear is

retr acting or extending. The light s go off when t he gear is up a nd locked.

12. Br a ke i nd i ca t o r - a light immediately below the landing gear indicator

il luminates when the brakes are ON.

1 3. E n g i n e a n d r o t o r r p m i n d i c a t o r s - three vertical scales calibrated

from 0 to 120%: left engine rpm, right en gine rpm, and r otor rpm . En gine

rpm runs typically at 100%, with adjustments being made automatically.

There is no manual throttle control.

COCKPIT

14. Moving m ap - a rudimentary moving map display capable of tracking


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g p y g p p y p g

your position. The device is driven by the Hin ds DISS-15D Doppler

na vigat ion system but does not orient itself with aircraft heading. Due

Nort h is always at t he 12 oclock position. Your position is pinpointed a t th e

inter section of horizont al and vert ical cur sor bars . As th e bars appr oach the

edge of th e display, th e system recent res itself. Ther e is no selectable scale.

15. Th r ea t wa r n i ng ind i ca t o r - this display ismounted on the upper right of the cockpit

fram ework. It is capable of inform ing the pilot

tha t he is being tracked by enemy radar and

also the direction of incoming missiles.

The display represents a plan view of your

aircraft and consists of a central aircraft symbol

surrounded by lights that give an approximate

indication of direction of the threat. It isimportant to remember that the central aircraft

symbol always points in the same direction as

th e nose of your h elicopter. If a th reat is shown

at 3 oclock t hen it is on your r ight h an d side, no

mat ter which way you are flying. Undern eath

the aircraft symbol are six classification lights

depicting the type of threat:

1 E a rly wa r nin g r a da r

2 Air cr aft r ada r

3 AAA u nit r ada r

4 S AM la u nch er r a da r

5 Incoming radar-guided RF missile

6 Incoming heat-seeking IR missileFigure 5.1

A circle underneath the aircraft symbol will illuminate when a missile has


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locked ont o you. Multiple th reat s are prioritised aut omatically. The

classification light and direction indicator will illuminate for the greatest threat.

The proximity of the grea test thr eat is depicted by an a rc of small segments

around th e aircraft symbol. As the th reat gets near er, the segment s will

illum inat e clockwise. Two semicircula r light s at th e cent re of th e aircraft

symbol show wheth er a n in coming m issile is above or below you. You will also

hear audio warn ings from th e Na tash a system if you have in-flight sound effectsenabled.

16 . S t andby com pas s - simple mechanical compass used in the event of

failure of the horizontal situation indicator.

17. Fu e l gauge -a digita l display of your rema ining fuel, in kgs.

18 . Fa i l u r e wa r n i ng l i gh t s

NAV navigat ion computer fai lure

ENG1 left engine fai lure

ENG2 r ight engine fai lure

TORQ engine over torque

RPM low r ot or r pm

COM radio / communicat ions

failure

JAM infra red jammer fa i lure

TWI threat warning indica t ion

failure

HUD head up d isplay fa ilure

COCKPIT

LLTV low light level TV sensorfailure

FLIR forward looking infra red

sensor failure

G UN gu n fa ilu re

HMTD helmet mounted t a rget

designator failure

LAS laser des igna tor fa i lure

FUE L fuel low / fuel tank

damaged

U /C U n de rca r r ia ge fa ilu r e

F IRE en gin e fir e

19. Text d i sp lay - inflight messages

Head Up Display


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The H ead U p Display (HU D) is a un it mount ed centra lly in t he pilots cockpit

above th e inst ru ment pa nel. Essen tial flight informa tion is projected in his

line of sight enabling him to main tain concentra tion on th e view ahead. The

Head Up Display has two modes:

(i) N a v m o d e - for navigation.

This mode is displayed when

weapons are safe.

(ii) Weapons m ode - for

weapon aiming. Displayed

when weapons are armed.

Press E to select

Weapons mode. Pr ess c

and E to select Nav

mode.

(i) Nav mode

This mode displays your

aircraft speed, altitude and

other important information.

(see figure 5.2)

T r u e a i r s p e ed - your actual

speed relative to the air, in

km/hour. This must not be

confused with Indicated

Airspeed as shown on the

instrument panel. At ground Figure 5.2

level, True Airspeed is the sam e as Indicated Airspeed. As altitu de


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increases, Indicated Airspeed becomes lower than True Airspeed due to the

decreasing air density.

Alt i tude - shows the h eight of your h elicopter a bove sea level (bar ometric

altitude) or height a bove ground level (rada r a ltitude), both in metr es.

Whenever you fly within 700 met res of th e ground, th e read out will switch

au toma tically from bar ometric to ra dar , confirm ed by th e symbol R. Whenbelow 700 metr es, th e rea dout will vary a s you fly over hills.

H e a d i n g - shows direction in which your helicopter is pointing, calibrated in

units of 10 degrees. (e.g. 270 is shown as 27).

H U D ce n t r e d a t u m - a fixed cross marking the centre of the HUD

Ai r c r a f t d a t u m - shows the orientation of your helicopter relative to the

horizon. The symbol rotat es ar ound the HUD centr e dat um.

Hor i zon l i ne - a horizontal line that rises above or falls below the HUD

centre datum to indicate climb or dive.

Angle of p i t ch - numeric readout of your present pitch angle.

Angle of rol l - a semicircular scale around the HUD centre datum used to

indicat e roll an gle. The first 15 degrees of roll are calibra ted in 5 degree

increments, then 30 degrees and 60 degrees.

Tor que i nd i ca t o r - digital display of engine torqu e. This will norm ally

approximate to collective lever position, unless you are in autorotation.

Ver t ica l speed - a vertical scale showing your climb or descent rate.

COCKPIT

Waypo i n t i n f or m a t i on - distance and time to your next waypoint.


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F l ig h t p a t h m a r k e r - a sma ll circle that indicates bearing an d relative

altitude of your n ext waypoint. If the flight pa th m ark er is higher th an t he

HUD centre datu m, you ar e lower tha n th e altitude planned for th e curr ent

waypoint leg and you need to climb. If it is lower th an the H UD centre dat um

you sh ould descend. If it is to the left of th e HUD centr e dat um you should

tu rn left, and so on. If th e flight pa th ma rker is over the HUD centr edatum then you are flying directly to the waypoint at the correct altitude.

(ii) Weapons mode

The symbology displayed depends upon which weapon is armed and whether

or not th e WSO is using his Helmet Mount ed Sight . In addition to th e

heading scale, airspeed and altitude readouts, and the aircraft datum, you

will see the following symbols

Weapon - shows weapon selected and number remaining

Ai m i ng r e t i c le - repla ces th e flight pat h ma rk er. (see figure 5.3a). This is

your weapon sight. Its position on th e HUD will usually be determined by

the WSO as he looks for and tracks targets. Cross-hairs are superimposed

upon the Aiming Reticle when a tracked target enters the field of view of

th e laser design at or (figur e 5.3b) If th e aimin g reticle is out of th e field of

view of the HUD, then it will appear clipped at the appropriate edge of the

HUD.

Weapon r ange s ca l e - shows minimum and maximum range of currently

selected weapon and also the range to the target if it is illuminated by the

laser range finder.


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A more detailed description of the weapons symbology may be found in

Chapter 8, Weapons.

COCKPIT

Figure 5.3

Natasha system


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This is an audio warning system based upon a digitised female voice.

Warnings are given to the pilot under the following conditions:

Sys te m fai lu r es :

Warning, navigation computer failure

Warning, left engine failure

Warning, right engine failureWarning, hydraulic pressure failure

Warning, engine over-torque

Warning, low rotor rpm

Warning, communications failure

Warning, infra red jammer failure

Warning, threat warning indicator failure

Warning, head up display failure

Warning, low light level TV failure

Warning, FLIR failure

Warning, gun failure

Warning, helmet mounted sight failure

Warning, laser designator failure

Warning, fuel low

Warning, undercarriage failure

Warning, engine fire

Th r ea t w a r n in gs:Enemy ground fire

Early warning radar illumination

Aircraft radar warning

SAM radar warning

AAA radar warning

Incoming RF missile

Incoming IR missile

Weapon systems operators cockpit


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COCKPIT

Press u or 3 to select the WSOs cockpit.

Figure 5.4Silicon WSO

In the heat of combat, both pilot and the weapon systems operator (WSO)

ha ve much to do. In order that you may fly H i n d single-handedly, we have

introduced the silicon WSO - a reasonably intelligent computer-controlled

Weapon Systems Opera tor. It is not compulsory to use him. In fact, you ma y

switch h im off if you wish t o perform all th e WSO task s your self. Use key

S to toggle the silicon WSO on/off. When he is on he will sea rch for

ta rgets, aim t he weapons for you and fire on your comma nd. If you select

the WSO cockpit when he is active, the view from the cockpit will turn when

he tra cks tar gets. If you override his searching with th e a and cursor keys

th en h e will switch off. He will also verba lly confirm

targets as they are identified He will not select


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targets as they are identified. He will not select

weapon type. This remains your responsibility.

Weapon management panels

Offset to the right and left in the WSOs cockpit are

the weapon management panels. (See diagram 5.4)

(a) Right pan el - lists t he weapons being car ried on t he

current mission. Indicators show which weapon is

selected.

(b) Left panel - shows the number of chaff and flares available.

Other instruments

On t he left side of the WSOs cockpit is a sma ll pan el of ana logue

instruments . Press a together with left cursor key to rotate your view tothe left. The instruments are duplicates of those in the pilots cockpit,

described above. From left to right:

Bar om e t r i c a l t i m e t e r

Ve r t i c a l s p e e d i n d i c a t o r

Ai r spe ed in d ica tor

Ra da r a l t i m e t e r

S t a n d b y c o m p a s s - mounted on the canopy framework.

Helmet Mounted Sight (HMS)

The Helmet Mounted Sight is available only to the WSO and only when he is

in normal cockpit view i.e. not viewing through FLIR, LLLTV or the Turret

Optics. You mu st be in th e WSO cockpit if you wish to cont rol th e helm et

mounted sight.

12

3

4

5

6

1. Inner pylon

2. Outer pylon

3. Wing tips

4. 'Selected' light

5. Rounds left in gun

6. Currently selected

weapon

Right Panel

Analogue instrum ents

The Targeting Circle shows the line of sight of the WSO. As your view

direction is turned left or right, using a and cursor keys or a and


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direction is turned left or right, using a and cursor keys or a and

joystick, th e circle will rema in at th e centr e of your field of view. Vertical

adjustment using a and up/down cursor keys results in vertical movement

of th e Target ing Circle. To th e left you will see the r an ging scale, showing

maximum and minimum ranges of the currently selected weapon, and the

range to the target if illuminated with the laser designator.

The Ta rgetin g Circle ma y be locked to a ta rget by pressin g key T . This equates

to instru cting the WSO to tra ck the tar get. When a tracked target enters th e

field of view of the laser designator (approximates to the width of the pilots

HUD), cross-hairs will automatically appear on the Targeting Circle to

confirm t hat the laser has designat ed the target. The weapon aiming system

is then able to provide target ranging information to the left of the display.

S u m m a r y o f h o w t o u s e t h e H e l m e t M o u n t e d S i g h t :

1. Select t he WSO cockpit by pressing 3 or u .2. Position t he Tar geting Circle over th e tar get. To do this, the WSO uses

a and cursor keys or a and joystick. This happens automatically if you

use the Silicon WSO.

3. Select tr ack tar get by pressing T . This happens au tomatically if you use

the Silicon WSO.

4. Manoeuvre the h elicopter t o bring the ta rget within t he laser designat ors

field of view (app roximat es to th e width of th e pilots H UD). Laser

designation happens automatically and is confirmed by the appearance of

cross-hairs on the Targeting Circle and range information appears to the

left of the displa y.

COCKPIT

HMS reticle

Laser designator

This sensor is housed in one half of the electro optical unit mounted


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This sensor is housed in one half of the electro-optical unit mounted

underneath the nose of the Hind, on the starboard side. The laser is used to

measu re a ta rgets ra nge an d position for wea pon aiming, an d also for

guida nce of th e 9M114 Spira l missile in th e ter min al ph ase of its flight . The

lasers field of view points directly ahead of the

Hind, +/- 14 degrees left a nd right (th e width of th e

pilots HU D), 20 degrees up an d 60 degrees down (toma tch elevation limits of th e gun tur ret). The pilot

must manoeuvre the helicopter to bring the target

with in t he la sers field of view before r an ging

informa tion can be displayed. Cross-ha irs are

superimposed on the Aiming Reticle or the

Targeting Circle whenever a tracked target enters

th e laser s field of view. The laser designa tor is

permanently on.

Forw ard Look ing Infra Red system (FLIR)

The FLIR sensor system is mounted in the other

half of the electro-optical unit mounted underneath

the nose of the Hind. It provides the WSO with a

monochrome full-screen view directly ahead of the

aircraft for use at night. The display is used for

ta rget identificat ion and weapon aiming. With a

weapon armed, the display symbology includes theaiming reticle and ranging scale.

S u m m a r y o f h o w t o u s e t h e F L I R s ys t e m :

1. Select t he WSO cockpit by pressing 3 or u .

2. Select th e FLIR display by pressing O .Figure 5.5

3. Position t he aiming ret icle over the t ar get. To do th is, the WSO uses a

and cursor keys or a and joystick. This happens automatically if you use


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y j y pp y y

the Silicon WSO.

4. Select tr ack tar get by pressing T . This happens automatically if you use

th e Silicon WSO.


field of view. Laser designation happens automatically and is confirmed by

the appearance of cross-hairs on the aiming reticle and range informationappears to the left of the display.

Low light level TV (LLLTV)

The LLLTV sensor unit is mounted in the same pod as the FLIR and is

automatically fitted instead of FLIR when appropriate. The LLLTV is a

monochrome full screen display. It is best used at dawn or dusk and becomes

ineffective at very low light levels. The display is used for target

identification and weapon aiming. With a weapon armed, the display

symbology includes the aiming reticle and ranging scale.

Sum m ar y o f how t o u s e t he LLLTV s ys t em :


2. Select th e LLLTV display by pressin g O .

3. Position t he aiming reticle over the t arget. To do this, th e WSO uses a and

cursor k eys or a and joystick. This happens automatically if you use the

Silicon WSO.

4. Select tr ack tar get by pressing T . This happens automatically if you useth e Silicon WSO.


field of view (mar ked on the LLLTV display). Laser d esigna tion hap pens

automatically and is confirmed by the appearance of cross-hairs on the

aiming reticle and range information appears to the left of the display.

COCKPIT

Turret optics

Direct view optics mounted in the chin turret allow the


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Direct view optics mounted in the chin turret allow the

WSO to look along the line of sight of the machine gun.

This full screen view is selected by pr essing G and is

steered with a and the cursor keys or joystick.

Steering limits are +/- 60 degrees left and right, 20

degrees up a nd 60 degrees down. The sma ller field of

view box moves around within the larger field ofregar d box and shows the orienta tion of the tu rr et

relative to the centreline of the helicopter (see figure

5.6). Alth ough th e Turr et Optics are used prima rily

with the machine gun, they can be used with any

weapon. Note: th e aiming reticle rema ins at the centr e

of the field of view as the turret moves.

S u m m a r y o f h o w t o u s e t h e T u r r e t O p t i c s :


2. Select t he Turr et Optics by pressing G .

3. Position th e aiming reticle over the t ar get. To do this, the WSO uses a

and cursor keys or a and joystick. This happens automatically if you use

the Silicon WSO.

4. Select tr ack tar get by pressing T . This happens automatically if you use

th e Silicon WSO.

5. If you requ ire ran ging inform at ion, ma noeuvre the h elicopter t o bring th e

ta rget wit hin t he laser designa tors field of view. Laser designa tionhappens automatically and is confirmed by the appearance of cross-hairs

on the aiming reticle and range information.

Figure 5.6

6. VIEWING MODES


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Internal cockpit v iew sSelect the view from the pilots cockpit by pressing 2 or h . You may

rotate your view continuously through 90 degrees left or right by pressing

a together with th e left or right cursor keys. The view is centr ed by

pressing key j . Select th e Weapon system s opera tors cockpit by pres sing

3 or u . The viewing angle in each cockpit is independent an d is

stored as you move between cockpits.

Your view from th e pilot's cockpit at night ma y be enha nced by pressing key

V to activate the night vision goggles.

Ex ternal view s

Tracking v iew

Press 6 to view your helicopter from the Tr acking viewpoint. The position of

th e view point ma y be rotat ed about t he aircraft using a together with t he

cursor k eys (or joystick), zoomed in wit h k ey > , and zoomed out with key < .

Weapon view

Press 7 to view from the weapon most recently lau nched. Rota te and

zoom controls as above.

Target view

Press 8 to view incoming weapon from behind the target.

VIEWINGMOD

ES

Internal cockpit view

Tracking view

Weapon view

Target view

Target lock view

Press 9 to look towards your locked target from outside your aircraft.


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y g y

When you are heading directly towards your target you will be viewing

yourself from the rear.

Remote view

Press 0 to fix your viewpoint a t t he curr ent location of your helicopter . The

view rotat es to tra ck your aircraft a s you ma noeuvre.

Spectator view

Press - to fix your viewpoint a t t he curr ent viewpoint locat ion. Rotat e an d

zoom cont rols as above.

Drone v iew

Press = to cycle your viewpoint t hr ough var ious compu ter -contr olled drones.

Rota te an d zoom controls as above. Pr ess S and = to rever se cycle.

Forw ard Look ing Infra Red (FLIR) viewAvailable only to the weapon systems operator, this is a monochrome full-screen

viewing mode selected by pressing key O . The system is designed for use at

night. It is ineffective in conditions of thick fog or during the day when

cont ra st levels will be too low. The field of view is fixed directly ah ead of the

aircraft .

Target lock view

Remote view

S pectator view

Drone viewFLIR view

Low Light Level TV (LLLTV) v iewThis system is fitted prior to take-off as an a l t e r n a t i v e to the FLIR and is


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This system is fitted prior to take-off as an a l t e r n a t i v e to the FLIR and is

available only to th e weapon systems operat or. This full-screen m onochrome

image en ha nced viewing mode is designed for u se in p oor light condit ions e.g.

at dawn or du sk, but not at night wh en a mbient light is insufficient for effective

use. The field of view is fixed directly ah ead of th e aircra ft.

Turret optics viewThe t urr et-moun ted m achine gun is fitted with direct view optics, allowing the

weapon syst ems opera tor to look along the line of sight of th e machin e gun. Th e

view is repr esented by a full screen display with gun sight symbology

super imposed. The tur ret is capa ble of tr aversing 60 degrees left an d right,

sixty degrees down and twenty degrees up. Press G to select this view and

aim th e machine gun by pressing a together with the cursor keys or

joystick.

If the silicon WSO is ena bled, he will aim th e gun for you a nd you will see th e

tu rr et view move of its own accord as th e WSO sear ches for tar gets. If you

choose to steer t he t ur ret view your self you will au tomat ically disable the

silicon WSO.

This view is particularly useful as it allows you to look down and effectively

look through the instrument panel in order to aim the machine gun.

VIEWINGMOD

ESTurret optics view

LLLTV view


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7. FLYING THE HIND


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In most respects, the Hind is a classic helicopter in aerodynamic terms.

There are few surprises in its handling characteristics and a good pilot will

be aware of its stren gths a nd limitations. Alth ough techn ologically the Hind

design is somewhat dated, during its life it has held eight world records for

helicopter performance and has set eleven Soviet national records.

Handling modesWe have included t hree h andling modes: novice , stable and real is t ic . If you are

un familiar with th e controls of a helicopter we suggest that you begin with t he

novice mode. Your chan ces of crash ing ar e considera bly reduced, allowing you to

fly combat m issions confidently within a short t ime. To allow you a grea ter degree

of manoeuvrability without the complexity of control secondary effects, we suggest

the stable mode. Finally, for those who like a cha llenge and will accept noth ing less

than the full works, we offer the real is t ic mode. With experience, you shouldbecome comfortable with either th e stable mode or t he real is t ic mode as these

offer distinct agility advant ages. However, aerobat ic man oeuvres such as 360

degree rolls an d loops are n ot possible in any of the modes - the Hind has a fully

articulated main rotor making such manoeuvres impossible.

All references t o the joystick in th e following text m ay be int erchanged with th e

four cur sor keys. See Pr imar y flight cont rols on the back cover of th is man ua l.

Novice modeTo take off, press Q to increase your altitude and press A to decrease your

altitu de. These keys represent t he pilots collective lever tha t he uses t o

cont rol his rat e of climb an d descent. In n ovice mode, this is your only

mean s of adjust ing your altitu de. The rat e of climb or descent depends upon

how long the key has been pressed. As you press key Q you should notice

the torque readout increasing in the HUD.

FLYINGTHEHIND

The maximum recommended value of torque is 100% and this equates to the

maximum climb rate. Pressing key A will reduce the torque readout (check

the HUD as o press A ) and if o hold the ke long eno gh the torq e ill


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the HUD as you press A ) and if you hold the key long enough the torque will

reduce to zero. If you are still airborne you will be descending at the

maximum rate. If you wish to hover, adjust the torque readout to 50. This

can be achieved by pressing key 5 (not the numeric pad). For convenience,

collective settings are selectable on keys 1 t o 0 , representing torque values

of 10% to 100%.

Once airborne and in the hover, push forward on the joystick to accelerate.

The helicopter will tilt forwards and accelerate but it will not descend.

Centralise the joystick when you have reached your desired forward speed.

The top speed is approximately 335 kph.

When you wish t o slow down, pull back on the joystick. The h elicopter will tilt

upwar ds but will not climb. Centr alise the joystick when you h ave reached your

desired sp eed. If you continu e to pull on t he joystick, you will event ua lly beginto fly backward s.

At low forwa rd s peeds or in th e hover, moving th e joystick left or r ight will roll

th e aircraft accordingly and cause it to fly sideways. When you centr alise the

joystick the helicopter will level out and any sideways speed will decay to zero

due t o the high a erodynam ic drag of the fuselage.

Moving the joystick left or right at higher forward speeds will roll the

helicopter and result in a turn onto a new heading.

At low forward speeds or in the hover, pressing Z or X will yaw the

helicopter left or right. For example, if you press Z or X when in the hover

you will turn on the spot. This represents your tail rotor control. The

effectiveness of this control reduces as forward speed increases. By 130 kph

the effectiveness will have reduced considerably.

Steep pitch and roll angles are not possible in the novice mode but the Hind is

not aerobatic anyway. A ma jor advant age of the novice mode is tha t th e Hind

will attempt to stay at the same height above ground even when going over


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will attempt to stay at the same height above ground, even when going over

hills. This is a simple form of ter ra in following but some fluctua tions in altitu de

will still occur depending upon how fast you appr oach a h illside. The system is

not infallible. It is still possible to fly into a steep hillside at high speed.

Stable modeThis mode has much more authentic helicopter handling qualit ies than the

novice mode but without the control secondary effects found in the r ea l i s t i c

mode. Varia tions in aerodyna mic efficiency due to forwar d speed, air densit y,

aircraft weight, profile and induced drag and other effects are included to

give a closer r epr esent at ion of rea lity. A descript ion of th e flight cont rols

follows below.

Realistic mode

Without high-tech fly-by-wire systems, helicopter controls are highly

intera ctive. Movement of an y single control will usu ally require a djustmen t

of an other cont rol in order t o compensat e for undema nded movement s. For

example, raising the collective lever has the primary effect of increasing lift

an d cau sing the helicopter to climb. However, it simultan eously increases

rotor torque and th e net result is tha t th e fuselage will yaw. The pilot must

apply tail rotor inpu t in order to coun tera ct th e undema nded yaw. The

effects of aerodynamic fluctuations are also included in realistic mode, giving

rise to the need for small control corrections, particularly in the hover. Youmust have at least one joystick in order to use the realistic mode. We advise

that you use two joysticks (one cyclic and the other collective) plus a set of

rudder pedals.

Other realistic effects: vortex ring, retreating blade stall, ground resonance,

and dynamic rollover.

FLYINGTHEHIND

ControlsAs in the real Hind, you have three primary flight


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y p y g

controls:

Cycl ic cont ro l ( s t i ck) - used to pitch and roll the

helicopter . In rea lity, th is contr ol is the pilots joystick.

In Hind, the cyclic control is on the cursor keys or

joystick 1. Movemen t of th e cyclic cont rol will tilt t hemain rotor disc in the direction of the control movement.

The effect is achieved by cyclically changing the angle of

at tack of each main rotor blade. For example, to tilt th e

rotor disc forwards, t he a ngle of at ta ck for each blade is

increased as it passes over the tail of the helicopter and

decreased as it passes over the nose of the helicopter.

The changes in lift result in the helicopter pitching nose

down.

At the hover, the cyclic control is used to initiate

movement in the desired direction e.g. push forwards

gent ly on the joystick to begin moving forwa rds . Move

the control sideways or rearwards to move accordingly.

At higher forward speeds, fore/aft cyclic control puts the

helicopter int o a dive or zoom climb. Sidewa ys cyclic cont rol is used to roll

the helicopter into a turn.

Col lec t ive cont r o l( l ever ) - used t o contr ol ra te of climb an d descent a nd

forwa rd speed. In r eality, this contr ol is a lever on th e left side of th e pilot. In

Hind, collective control is on keys Q and A or a t hrottle stick/thr ottle wheel.

Raising th e collective lever will collectively increas e t he an gle of at ta ck on a ll

five main rotor blades by the same amount and increase the overall lift.

Lowering the collective lever has the effect of decreasing the overall lift.

Figure 7.0

In th e hover, th e collective lever contr ols vert ical ascent or descent ra te.

Forward speed is sustained by tilting the main rotor disc forwards in order to

provide forwa rd th ru st To sus ta in high forwa rd speeds th e collective lever


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provide forwa rd th ru st. To sus ta in high forwa rd speeds, th e collective lever

must be raised significantly in order to generate the extra thrust required to

count eract aer odynam ic drag.

The power dema nded from the engines by the main r otor blades is measur ed as

torque an d pilots u sua lly refer to a percentage torque settin g rat her th an

collective lever position.

Ta i l r o t o r con t r o l - used to yaw th e helicopter a bout its vert ical axis (e.g.

tur ning on the spot when hovering). In r eality, the pilot u ses his ru dder pedals

to vary the pitch of the t ail rotor blades. In H ind, tail rotor control is on keys Z

and X , i and d , joystick 2 or rudder pedals.

B r a k e s - press B to apply the wheel brakes.

U n d e r c a r r i a g e - th e Hind is fitted with

Hind_-_Manual_-_PC

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