Himawari-8: Japan's new-generation geostationary satellite
Transcript of Himawari-8: Japan's new-generation geostationary satellite
Kozo Okamoto, and Meteorological Satellite Center of JMA
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Himawari-8: Japan's new-generation geostationary satellite
8th IPWG and 5th IWSSM Joint Workshop, Bologna, Italy 3-7 October 2016
Himawari-8/9
• Himawari-8 • Launched on 7 October 2014
• Began operation on 7 July 2015
• Himawari-9• Planned to be launched on 1
November 2016
• Replace Himawari-8 in 2022solar panel
communication antennas
Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
MTSAT-1RMTSAT-2
Himawari-8Himawari-9
standby
manufacturemanufacture
a package
purchase
launch
standbylaunch
operation
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Enhancement of measurement capability
Spectral
G BR
5 bands 16 bands
10 bands
3 bands
3 bands
IR 4 bands
NIR
1 bandVIS
MTSAT-1R/2 Himawari-8/9
VIS
IR
Temporal
MTSAT-1R/2 Himawari-8/9
full-disk obs.
Observation Frequency
VIS 1 kmIR 4 km
VIS 0.5/1 kmIR 2 km
Spatial
At sub-satellite point
MTSAT-1R/2 Himawari-8/9
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AHI band specification
BandSpatial
ResolutionCentral
WavelengthPhysical Properties
1
Visible(VIS)
1 km0.47 μm vegetation, aerosol
2 0.51 μm vegetation, aerosol
3 0.5 km 0.64 μm Vegetation, low cloud, fog
4Near
Infrared(NIR)
1 km 0.86 μm vegetation, aerosol
52 km
1.6 μm cloud phase/particle size
6 2.3 μm cloud particle size
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Infrared(IR)
2 km
3.9 μm low cloud, fog, forest fire
8 6.2 μm upper-level moisture
9 6.9 μm mid- and upper-level moisture
10 7.3 μm mid-level moisture
11 8.6 μm cloud phase, SO2
12 9.6 μm Ozone content
13 10.4 μm cloud imagery, information of cloud top
14 11.2 μm cloud imagery, sea surface temperature
15 12.4 μm cloud imagery, sea surface temperature
16 13.3 μm cloud top height
cf.MTSAT-2
Bands
VIS0.68 μm
IR43.7 μm
IR36.8 μm
IR110.8 μm
IR212.0 μm
Himawari-8/9 Imager (AHI; Advanced Himawari Imager)
3 Visible Bands
Addition of NIR Bands
Increase of WV Bands
Increase of TIR Bands
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#Himawari
-8/ AHIGOES-R/
ABIGK-2A/
AMIMTG/
FCIFY-4/AGRI
MTSAT-2/ IMAGER
MSG/SEVIRI
1 0.47 0.47 0.455 0.444 0.472 0.51 0.511 0.5103 0.64 0.64 0.642 0.640 0.65 0.68 0.6354 0.86 0.86 0.860 0.865 0.825 0.81
0.9141.38 1.38 1.380 1.375
5 1.6 1.61 1.61 1.610 1.61 1.646 2.3 2.26 2.250 2.257 3.9 3.90 3.85 3.80 3.75 3.7 3.928 6.2 6.15 6.24 6.30 6.25 6.8 6.259 6.9 7.00 6.95 7.1
10 7.3 7.40 7.34 7.35 7.3511 8.6 8.50 8.60 8.70 8.5 8.7012 9.6 9.70 9.63 9.66 9.6613 10.4 10.3 10.43 10.50 10.7 10.8 10.814 11.2 11.2 11.20 11.015 12.4 12.3 12.30 12.30 12.0 12.016 13.3 13.3 13.30 13.30 13.5 13.4
Region 2SW-JAPAN
Region 1NE-JAPAN
Region 4Landmark Area
Region 5Landmark Area
Region 3Target Area
Full disk
Interval : 10 minutes (6 times per hour)
Region 3 Target Area
Interval : 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 min)
Dimension : EW x NS: 1000 x 1000 km
Region 2 JAPAN (South-West)
Interval : 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 min)
Dimension : EW x NS: 2000 x 1000 km
Region 1 JAPAN (North-East)
Interval : 2.5 minutes (4 times in 10 min)
Dimension : EW x NS: 2000 x 1000 km
Region 4 Landmark Area
Interval : 0.5 minutes (20 times in 10 min)
Dimension : EW x NS: 1000 x 500 km
Region 5 Landmark Area
Interval : 0.5 minutes (20 times in 10 min)
Dimension : EW x NS: 1000 x 500 km
AHI Scanning Modes
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Shiveluch Volcano (25 March 2015)
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Himawari-8
band3 (0.64 μm)
0.5km, 2.5min
MTSAT-2
VIS(0.68 μm)
1km, 30min
Targeting observation
• Operational adaptive (targeting) observation is used for TCs and volcanos
• 1,000 x 1,000km
• 2.5 min
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Himawari-8/9
raw data
JMA
Communication Satellite (CS)
HRIT files,SATAID files
All imagery(full data)
HimawariCloud service
HimawariCastservice
Users
CS Operator
C-band antenna
LNB converter
DVB-S2 receiver
PC & software
NMHSs
Data Distribution
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• Updates the ground processing system in March 2016– Band-to-band co-registration, resampling
process, coherent noise reduction Significant improvement in image quality
• Image navigation– Residual error is less than ~1km
• Calibration– IR: very stable TB biases - less than 0.2K
for standard scenes, no significant diurnal variation
– VIS/NIR (reflectivity/radiance) bias: less than +/- 3% for bands 1-4 (0.46–0.86 μm) since June 2015– But +/- 4-6% biases still remain in bands 5 & 6
(1.6 & 2.3 μm)
Navigation and CalibrationMonitor website http://www.jma-net.go.jp/msc/en/index.html
High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information (HCAI)
Basic cloud product with latitude-longitude grid in 0.02 degree.
• cloud mask, cloud type and cloud top height
Produced hourly (24/day)
Cloud Top Height
Clear CloudMixed
Cloud Mask
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Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV)
12Himawari-8 and MTSAT-2 IR AMV (QI>60, 2015 01 14 1700UTC)
Resolution 4km/30min.
Resolution 4km/60min.
MTSAT-2 AMVs
Colder color : upper level wind warmer color : low level wind
Resolution 2km/10min.
Himawari-8 AMVs
JMA/MSC has developed a new algorithm for Himawari-8 AMVs based on an
optimal estimation method for full exploitation of satellite data (Shimoji 2014).
• Assimilate AMV with better quality and coverage• 200 km thinning and 100
km average around Japan
• Improve analysis and forecast of wind speed
Assimilation of AMV
Forecast lead time [h]
Rel
ativ
e Im
pro
vem
ent
[%]
Better
Wo
rse
MTSAT2Himawari8Besttrack
Typhoon Track forecast of Nangka (T1511)Initialized at 12 UTC 13 July 2015
MTSAT2 Himawari8
Relative improvement of wind speed at 850hPa around Japan
Yamashita 2016, WGNE
Clear Sky Radiance (CSR) Area averaged clear sky brightness temperature All IR bands (3.9, 6.2, 6.9, 7.3, 8.6, 9.6, 10.4, 11.2, 12.4, 13.3 μm) Full disk, hourly produced and distributed via GTS mainly for NWP community Spatial resolution (averaging size): 16 x 16 pixel (IR) (i.e. 32 x 32 km @SSP) Band dependent clear pixel ratios for clear pixel detection Provided to NWP centers via GTS
00 UTC on15 August 2015
Band #8 (6.2 μm) Band #9 (6.9 μm) Band #10 (7.3 μm)
BrightnessTemperature
Clear PixelRatio
KWeighting function of
WV bands
• Reduce dry bias in global DA
• Improve front location and humidity convergence in mesoscale DA• improve precipitation
forecast
Radar and rain gauge composite
Analyzed total column water vapor [mm]
MTSAT-2 Himawari-8
Assimilation of CSR
Kazumori2016 WGNE
MTSAT-2 Himawari-8
3-h rainfall forecasts [mm/3h]
Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area (RDCA)
red: Cb(Cumulonimbus)
green: rapidly growing Cu(Cumulus)
blue: middle/lower/unknown cloud
provided
for
aviation
users only. 16
(movie)
height
• Developing cumulus is identified by cloud top and roughness
• Probability is estimated with a logistic regression method
• Detect about 20 min before lightning occurrence
• Detection accuracy is • High for isolated Cb clouds• Low when upper clouds cover potentially developing low clouds• Low at night time
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Concept and accuracy of RDCA detection
DelayDetection before the lightning occurrence
Lead time of RDCA detection
South Pacific IslandsSoutheast Asia
http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/data/himawari/sat_hrp.php?area=r5s
Heavy Rainfall Potential Areas• Possible rainfall areas associated with deep convective clouds for
WMO SWFDP (Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project)
• Detection is based on three infrared bands (6.2, 10.4, 12.4μm)• Product specification
• Coverage : Southeast Asia and South Pacific Island regions• Spatial resolution : 0.05˚• Update : every 10 min.• Data format: jpeg
• Note: not always correspond to the actual rainfall areas
18http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/data/himawari/sat_hrp.php?area=r2s
• Algorithm thresholds are determined to avoid missing heavy rain
• Verification against GSMaP shows small missings but large false alarms
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http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/swfdp/ra2_swfdp_sea_sat.htmlhttp://www.wis-jma.go.jp/swfdp/ra5_swfddp_spi_sat.html
Heavy Rainfall Potential Areas GSMaP
http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/index.htm
Heavy Rainfall Potential Areas GSMaP
Southeast Asia South Pacific Islands
POD 81.2% 80.5%
SR 1.2% 1.2%
POD: Probability of Detection = hits/(hits+misses)SR: Success Ratio = hits/(hits+false_alarms)
Comparison with GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation)
• Himawari-8 was launched in October 2014 and began operation in July 2015
• Enhanced measurement capability : Higher spatial & temporal resolution and increased spectral bands
• Navigation & calibration: errors are small and stable
• Improved products • Cloud analysis, AMV, CSR, SST, aerosol, rapidly developing
cumulus area, heavy rainfall potential area• AMV and CSR have been operationally assimilated since
March 2016
• Plans• Himawari-9 will be launched on 1 November 2016 and start
operation in 2022
Summary and Plans